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ChinAfrica 2024年第8期16卷 31-33页

作者： TIAN JIETANG LUO LIPING MA SHUAN GU YAN LI YUJU Industrial Economics department Development Research Centre of the State Council Research Institute for Regional Economy and Ecological development Hunan Academy of Social Sciences Specialised Committee on International Cooperation and Science and Technology Diplomacy Chinese Association for Science of Science and S&T Policy Research Xi Jinping Economic Thought Research centre National Development and Reform Commission

In recent years,China has made remarkable technological progress in a number of *** this progress,it is crucial to rapidly transform technological results into productivity gains.

关键词： technological cooperation remarkable

Co-enhancement of thermal conduction and radiation through morphologies controlling of graphene functional layer for chip thermal management

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8885-8892页

作者： Shuting Cheng Kun Wang Shichen Xu Yi Cheng Ruojuan Liu Kewen Huang Hao Yuan Wenjuan Li Yuyao Yang Fushun Liang Fan Yang Kangyi Zheng Zhiwei Liang Ce Tu Mengxiong Liu Xiaomin Yang Jingnan Wang Xuzhao Gai Yuejie Zhao Xiaobai Wang Yue Qi Zhongfan Liu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of ScienceChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China centre for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for NanocarbonsBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Graphene Institute(BGI) Beijing 100095China College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations(SIEMIS)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

With the continuous advancements in electronics towards downsizing and integration,efficient thermal dissipation from chips has emerged as a critical factor affecting their lifespan and operational *** fan-less chip cooling system has two critical interfaces for thermal transport,which are the contact interface between the base and the chip dominated by thermal conduction,and the surface of the fins dominated by thermal *** different thermal transfer modes of these two critical interfaces pose different requirements for thermal management *** the study,a novel approach was proposed by developing graphene thermal transport functional material whose morphology could be intentionally designed via reformed plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD)methods to meet the diverse requirements of heat transfer ***,graphene with multilevel branching structure of vertical graphene(BVG)was fabricated through the hydrogenassisted PECVD(H_(2)-PECVD)strategy,which contributed a high emissivity of~*** was deposited on the fins’surface and functioned as the radiation enhanced layer to facilitate the rapid radiation of heat from the heat sinks into the surrounding ***,the well-oriented vertical graphene(OVG)was successfully prepared through the vertical electric field-assisted PECVD process(EF-PECVD),which showed a high directional thermal conductivity of~53.5 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1).OVG was deposited on the contact interface and functioned as the thermal conduction enhanced layer,allowing for the quick transmission of heat from the chip to the heat *** this design concept,the two critical interfaces in the chip cooling system can be jointly enhanced,resulting in a remarkable cooling efficiency enhancement of~30.7%,demonstrating that this novel material possessed enormous potential for enhancing the performance of cooling ***,this research not only provided new design concepts for the cooling system

关键词： chip thermal management thermal conduction thermal radiation graphene morphology control

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Some Sn-Zn Based Lead-Free Quinary Alloys

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第7期15卷 213-227页

作者： Shihab Uddin Md. Abdul Gafur Suraya Sabrin Soshi Mohammad Obaidur Rahman department of Physics Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka Bangladesh Pilot Plant and Process development centre Dhaka Bangladesh department of Mechanical Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh

Although there are many lead-free soldering alloys on the market, none of them have ideal qualities. The researchers are combining binary alloys with a variety of additional materials to create the soldering alloys’ features. The eutectic Sn-9Zn alloy is among them. This paper investigated the mechanical and electrical properties of Sn-9Zn-x (Ag, Cu, Sb);{x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6} lead-free solder alloys. The mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and ductility were examined at the strain rates in a range from 4.17 10−3 s−1 to 208.5 10−3 s−1 at room temperature. It is found that increasing the content of the alloying elements and strain rate increases the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength while the ductility decreases. The electrical conductivity of the alloys is found to be a little smaller than that of the Sn-9Zn eutectic alloy.

关键词： Lead-Free Solder Strain Rate Ultimate Tensile Strength Ductility Electrical Conductivity

Emergent symmetry in quantum phase transition:From deconfined quantum critical point to gapless quantum spin liquid

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 190-196页

作者： Wen-Yuan Liu Shou-Shu Gong Wei-Qiang Chen Zheng-Cheng Gu department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadena CA 91125USA School of Physical Sciences Great Bay UniversityDongguan 523000China Great Bay Institute for advanced Study Dongguan 523000China department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

The emergence of exotic quantum phenomena in frustrated magnets is rapidly driving the development of quantum many-body physics,raising fundamental questions on the nature of quantum phase *** we unveil the behaviour of emergent symmetry involving two extraordinarily representative phenomena,i.e.,the deconfined quantum critical point(DQCP)and the quantum spin liquid(QSL)*** large-scale tensor network simulations,we study a spatially anisotropic spin-1/2 square-lattice frustrated antiferromagnetic(AFM)model,namely the J1x-J1y-J2 model,which contains anisotropic nearestneighbor couplings J1x,J1y and the next nearest neighbor coupling *** small J1y/J1x,by tuning J2,a direct continuous transition between the AFM and valence bond solid phase is *** growing J1y/J1x,a gapless QSL phase gradually emerges between the AFM and VBS *** observe an emergent O(4)symmetry along the AFM–VBS transition line,which is consistent with the prediction of DQCP *** surprisingly,we find that such an emergent O(4)symmetry holds for the whole QSL–VBS transition line as *** findings reveal the intrinsic relationship between the QSL and DQCP from categorical symmetry point of view,and strongly constrain the quantum field theory description of the QSL *** phase diagram and critical exponents presented in this paper are of direct relevance to future experiments on frustrated magnets and cold atom systems.

关键词： Tensor network Quantum phase transition Emergent symmetry Quantum spin liquid Deconfined quantum critical point Anisotropic

Physicochemical Characterisation of Flours from Local Cereals and Powder from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Leaves Varieties Cultivated in the Northern-Cameroon in Order to Supplement Infant Flours

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2009-2026页

作者： Mathieu Barbi Charles Touwang Emmanuel Panyoo Akdowa Augustin Goudoum Armand Abdou Bouba department of Agriculture Livestock and Derivated Products National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for development (IRAD) Food Technology and Post-Harvest Laboratory of Garoua Garoua Cameroon department of Food Sciences and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro-Process Industries University of Ngaoundr Ngaoundr Cameroon

The aim of the present study was to investigate on the inventory and determination of the nutritional value of cereals flour and cassava leaves powder in order to analyse their use in the production of infant flour. In this paper, a A survey to identify the cereals used in the preparation of infant porridge in the Northern Cameroon was done by using 447 mothers having children between 06 and 59 months from areas (Gbakoungue, Sassa-Mbersi, Sanguere-Ngal and Kotkong-Wouldata) with high rate on malnourished children. Flour was prepared from the most preponderant cereals and Cassava leaves powder from varieties identified by the Regional centre of Agricultural Research (CRRA) of Wakwa and local population. Flour and powder samples obtained were subjected to chemical composition analysis. Parameters analysed were crude proteins, total carbohydrates, ash, total fats, total phenols, total tannins, total carotenoids, vitamin C or cyanide. Also Iron, calcium and zinc were determined. The results revealed that white maize (62%) was the main cereal used in the preparation of infant porridge followed respectively by red sorghum, white rice and muskwari. Ten cassava varieties were identified: three (03) by CRRA (TME, 96/1/14 and IRAD 4115) and seven (south, gambada, sweet, Benin, six months, M. glaziovii and grouna) by local population. Amongst cereals flour, those from white maize indicated high protein (10.09%), carbohydrates (84.46%) and total fat (7.46%) contents. The powder from 96/14/14 cassava variety showed high amount of iron (11.98 mg/100g), calcium (751.02 g/100g) and low cyanide content (1.21 ppm) amongst all the cassava leaves powder samples. The supplementation of white maize flour by cassava leaves powder from 96/14/14 variety could therefore be recommended for the preparation of infant flours.

关键词： Infant Flour Cereals Flour Cassava Leaves Powder Chemical Composition Northern Cameroon

Proteomics techniques in protein biomarker discovery

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Quantitative Biology 2024年第1期12卷 53-69页

作者： Mahsa Babaei Soheila Kashanian Huang-Teck Lee Frances Harding department of Biology Faculty of ScienceRazi UniversityKermanshahIran Faculty of Chemistry Sensor and Biosensor Research Center(SBRC)Razi UniversityKermanshahIran Nanobiotechnology department Faculty of Innovative Science and TechnologyRazi UniversityKermanshahIran centre for Marine Bioproducts development Flinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneNew South WalesAustralia

Protein biomarkers represent specific biological activities and processes, so they have had a critical role in cancer diagnosis and medical care for more than 50 years. With the recent improvement in proteomics technologies, thousands of protein biomarker candidates have been developed for diverse disease states. Studies have used different types of samples for proteomics diagnosis. Samples were pretreated with appropriate techniques to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the downstream analysis and purified to remove the contaminants. The purified samples were analyzed by several principal proteomics techniques to identify the specific protein. In this study, recent improvements in protein biomarker discovery, verification, and validation are investigated. Furthermore, the advantages, and disadvantages of conventional techniques, are discussed. Studies have used mass spectroscopy (MS) as a critical technique in the identification and quantification of candidate biomarkers. Nevertheless, after protein biomarker discovery, verification and validation have been required to reduce the false-positive rate where there have been higher number of samples. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and selected reaction monitoring (SRM), in combination with stable isotope-labeled internal standards, have been examined as options for biomarker verification, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for validation.

关键词： biomarker discovery cancer biomarker gel-based methods gel-free methods mass spectroscopy proteomics

Survey on Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Dakar Region

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 122-132页

作者： Djiby Sow Nafy Ndiaye Mouhamed Yakham Leye Fulgence A. Faye Michel Assane Ndour Marie Joseph Gomis Fall Ndiouga Mouhamed Dieng Boundia Djiba Houleye Saou Ibrahima M. Diallo Demba Diédhiou Anna Sarr Mbaye Maimouna Ndour Abdoulaye Leye Clinique Mé dicale II Centre Hospitalier Abass Ndao UCAD Dakar Senegal department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Centre Hospitalier Pikine Dakar Senegal department of Medicine Faculty of Health and Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of Bambey Bambey Senegal

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases constitute a major public health problem, due to their morbi-mortality. The aim was to study knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among residents of Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Our investigations were recruited over a six-month period (October 17, 2021 to March 21, 2022). Results: Two hundred and twenty-six (226) patients were enrolled. The mean age was 45.9 years. The under-40 age group was the most represented with 37.2%. There were 129 men (57.1%), giving a male/female sex ratio of 1.33. The highest level was represented by 159 people (70.4%). Those who responded (heart disease) were in the majority (38.1%). Hypertension was the most common CVD for 101 people (44.7%). One hundred and ninety (190) people (84%) knew the risk factors for CVD. Good knowledge of risk factors concerned 103 people (54.2%). Obesity was the best-known risk factor in 156 cases (69%). The media was the most important source of information for 121 people (53.5%). Hypertensives were the most represented with 8.4%. One hundred and thirty (130) people (57.5%) had previously paid attention to these FDRCVs. Awareness campaigns were the most effective means of communication for 170 cases (75.2%). Sixteen (16) people (35.6%) were taking antihypertensive medication. Walking was the most popular physical activity for 102 people (45%). People with a balanced diet were in the majority, with 174 respondents (77.0%). Conclusion: NCDs are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is essential to develop and implement a prevention and management program.

关键词： Hypertension Diabetes Risk Factors Senegal

Dissection of a rapidly evolving wheat resistance gene cluster by long-read genome sequencing accelerated the cloning of Pm69

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Plant Communications 2024年第1期5卷 69-83页

作者： Yinghui Li Zhen-Zhen Wei Hanan Sela Liubov Govta Valentyna Klymiuk Rajib Roychowdhury Harmeet Singh Chawla Jennifer Ens Krystalee Wiebe Valeria Bocharova Roi Ben-David Prerna B.Pawar Yuqi Zhang Samidha Jaiwar Istvan Molnar Jaroslav Dolezel Gitta Coaker Curtis J.Pozniak Tzion Fahima Institute of Evolution University of HaifaMt.CarmelHaifa 3498838Israel The department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology University of HaifaMt.CarmelHaifa 3498838Israel The Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610066China Crop development centre and department of Plant Sciences University of Saskatchewan51 Campus DriveSaskatoonSK S7N 5A8Canada department of Vegetables and Field Crops Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research Organization(ARO)–Volcani CenterRishon Lezion 7505101Israel department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of the Region Hana´for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchSlechtitelu 3177900 OlomoucCzech Republic Plant Pathology department University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA Present address:department of Plant Science University of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Present address:Agricultural Institute Centre for Agricultural ResearchELKHMartonvasar 2462Hungary

Gene cloning in repeat-rich polyploid genomes remains ***,we describe a strategy for overcoming major bottlenecks in cloning of the powdery mildew resistance gene(R-gene)Pm69 derived from tetraploid wild emmer wheat.A conventional positional cloning approach was not effective owing to suppressed *** sorting was compromised by insufficient purity.A Pm69 physical map,constructed by assembling Oxford Nanopore Technology(ONT)long-read genome sequences,revealed a rapidly evolving nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)R-gene cluster with structural variations.A single candidate NLR was identified by anchoring RNA sequencing reads from susceptible mutants to ONT contigs and was validated by virus-induced gene ***69 is likely a newly evolved NLR and was discovered in only one location across the wild emmer wheat distribution range in ***69 was successfully introgressed into cultivated wheat,and a diagnostic molecular marker was used to accelerate its deployment and pyramiding with other R-genes.

关键词： cluster resistance Israel

High mechanical strength Si anode synthesis with interlayer bonded expanded graphite structure for lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 253-263,I0007页

作者： Wenhui Lai Jong Hak Lee Lu Shi Yuqing Liu Yanhui Pu Yong Kang Ong Carlos Limpo Ting Xiong Yifan Rao Chorng Haur Sow Barbaros Ozyilmaz department of Material Science&Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore Center for advanced 2D Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117546Singapore department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117551Singapore Institute forFunctional Intelligent Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117544Singapore

Despite advancements in silicon-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries,their widespread commercial adoption is still hindered by significant volume expansion during cycling,especially at high active mass loadings crucial for practical *** root of these challenges lies in the mechanical instability of the material,which subsequently leads to the structural failure of the ***,we present a novel synthesis of a composite combining expanded graphite and silicon *** composite features a unique interlayer-bonded graphite structure,achieved through the application of a modified spark plasma sintering ***,this innovative structure not only facilitates efficient ion and electron transport but also provides exceptional mechanical strength(Vickers hardness:up to658 MPa,Young's modulus:11.6 GPa).This strength effectively accommodates silicon expansion,resulting in an impressive areal capacity of 2.9 mA h cm^(-2)(736 mA h g^(-1)) and a steady cycle life(93% after 100cycles).Such outsta nding performance is paired with features appropriate for large-scale industrial production of silicon batteries,such as active mass loading of at least 3.9 mg cm^(-2),a high-tap density electrode material of 1.68 g cm^(-3)(secondary clusters:1.12 g cm^(-3)),and a production yield of up to 1 kg per day.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Silicon anode Spark plasma sintering Interlayer bonding Mechanical strength Tap density

Fluidization and Transport of Vibrated Granular Matter:A Review of Landmark and Recent Contributions

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第1期20卷 1-29页

作者： Peter Watson Sebastien Vincent Bonnieu Marcello Lappa department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgowUK European Space Agency European Space Research and Technology CentreNoordwijkNetherland

We present a short retrospective review of the existing literature about the dynamics of(dry)granular matter under the effect of *** main objective is the development of an integrated resource where vital information about past findings and recent discoveries is provided in a single *** attention is paid to those works where successful synthetic routes to as-yet unknown phenomena were *** landmark results are analyzed,while smoothly blending them with a history of the field and introducing possible categorizations of the prevalent *** no classification is perfect,and it is hard to distillate general properties out of specific observations or realizations,two possible ways to interpret the existing results are defined according to the type of forcing or the emerging(ensuing)regime of *** particular,first results concerning the case where vibrations and gravity are concurrent(vertical shaking)are examined,then the companion situation with vibrations perpendicular to gravity(horizontal shaking)is *** classes are introduced as follows:(1)Regimes where sand self-organizes leading to highly regular geometrical“pulsating”patterns(thin layer case);(2)Regimes where the material undergoes“fluidization”and develops an internal multicellular convective state(tick layers case);(3)Regimes where the free interface separating the sand from the overlying gas changes inclination or develops a kind a patterned configuration consisting of stable valleys and mountains or travelling waves;(4)Regimes where segregation is produced,i.e.,particles of a given size tend to be separated from the other grains(deep containers).Where possible,an analogy or parallelism is drawn with respect to the companion field of fluid-dynamics for which the assumption of“continuum”can be applied.

关键词： Granular materials vibrations fluidization flowability symmetry breaking