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Physico-chemical indices of breeding sites of Simulium damnosum in the lower Cross River Basin, Nigeria

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期17卷 511-517页

作者： OPARA K. N. FAGBEMI B. O. department of Zoology University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

To determine the factor influencing the abundance development and distribution of Simulium damnosum(S.I) immature stages in the lower Cross River Basin, Nigeria, the physico-chemical characteristics of water at breeding sites were analysed longitudinally over a 12 month period. Analysis of the water samples showed that water current correlated positively and significantly(p<0.05), with dissolved oxygen(r = 0.95 vs 0.10); conductivity(r = 0.95 vs 0.81); hydrogen ion concentration(r = 0.03 vs 0.46); and biochemical oxygen demand(r = 0.80 vs 0.64); from Agbokim Waterfalls and Afi River respectively. The result indicates that these parameters and low ionic concentration are the most essential requirement for the development of S. damnosum pre-imaginal stages. Amplitudes of annual variability as measured by co-efficient of variation varied between the parameters. From the trends in hydrological variables it was deduced that the integrated impact of precipitation, input of surface runoff and municipal effluents played an overriding role in determining the absolute levels and temporal pattern in the water quality attributes. Of the 3578 pre-imaginal stages of S. damnosum collected, 52.52% and 47.4% were collected from Agbokim Waterfall and Afi River respectively. There was a significant difference(p<0.05) in the number of pre-imaginal stages collected from both sites. The highest number of pre_imaginal stages of S. damnosum collected were at the peak of rain(July—September) indicating that S. damnosum in the River Basin is a wet season breeder. The need for long term laboratory colonization of blackfly immature stages becomes imperative especially how these parameters could be exploited in control programme through the testing of larvicides without adverse ecological damage to the aquatic habitat.

关键词： blackflies Simulium damnosum physico-chemical parameters lower Cross River Basin, Nigeria

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Effect of diminazene aceturate,levamisole and vitamin C combination therapy in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第6期7卷 438-445页

作者： Adieme Ijeoma Chekwube Ezeh Ikenna Onyema Ugochukwu Emmanuel Ikenna Romanus Chukwuduruo Ezeokonkwo department of veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria department of veterinary parasitology and Entomology University of Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the effect of diminazene aceturale(DA) alone or in combination with either levamisole and/or Vitamin C in albino rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei ***:Thirty adult male albino rats,randomly assigned into 6 groups(A—F) of 5rats each were *** were either infected with 1×10~a trypanosomes intraperitoneally(groups A-E) or uninfected(group F).The different groups were treated respectively as follows:group A-with 3.5 mg/kg DA;group B-3.5 mg/kg DA and 7.5 mg/kg levamisole;group C-3.S mg/kg DA and 100 mg/kg vitamin C;and group D-3.S mg/kg DA and 7.S mg/kg levamisole and 100 mg/kg vitamin *** E was left *** assessed include:rectal temperature,body weight changes,packed cell volume(PCV),Haemoglobin concentration(Hb),total leucocyte count(TLC) differential leucocyte count(DLC),parasitaemia,clinical signs and ***:Average pre-patent period of 5 days was *** in the blood were cleared in all treated groups(A-D) within 48 hours post treatment(PT).Untreated rats in group E died between25 and 32 days post infection(PI).Relapse was not recorded in all the treated groups(A-D).The initial reduction in PCV,Hb,TLC and increases in rectal temperature following infection were reversed by the *** rats that received drug combinations(groups B,C and D)showed faster and higher recovery rates than the uninfected control and group ***:Levamisole and/or Vitamin C combination with DA were more effective in the treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

关键词： Diminazene aceturate Levamisole Vitamin C Therapy Trypanosoma brucei brucei Rats

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Unexpected complexity of multidrug resistance in the mcr-1-harbouring Escherichia coli

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第7期59卷 732-734页

作者： Rongsui Gao Yue Li Jingxia Lin Chen Tan Youjun Feng department of Medical microbiology and parasitology Zhejiang University School of Medicine State Key Laboratory of Agricultural microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University

Dear Editor, The discovery that the mobile colistin resistance gene （mcr-1） is encoded by plasmids and is prevalent in food animals and human beings worldwide （Hasman et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015） has challenge... 详细信息

关键词：大肠埃希菌复杂性耐药多粘菌素抗性基因食品动物哈斯曼

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Diversified variants of the mcr-1-carrying plasmid reservoir in the swine lung microbiota

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第9期59卷 971-973页

作者： Zhencui Li Chen Tan Jingxia Lin Youjun Feng department of Medical microbiology and parasitology Zhejiang University School of Medicine State Key Laboratory of Agricultural microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University

Dear Editor,Emergence of bacteria with multiple drug resistance is a major problem in global public *** comprising polymyxin E（colistin）and polymyxin B is generally recognized as the last-resort antibiotics with bro... 详细信息

关键词：多元化微生物多粘菌素E 变异质粒肺部多粘菌素B 公共卫生

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Larvicidal activity of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第1期8卷 31-36页

作者： Apichat Vitta Punnawat Thimpoo Wipanee Meesil Thatcha Yimthin Chamaiporn Fukruksa Raxsina Polseela Bandid Mangkit Sarunporn Tandhavanant Aunchalee Thanwisai department of microbiology and parasitology Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology Naresuan University department of microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University department of veterinary Technology Faculty of Veterinary Technology Kasetsart University

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus indica, Xenorhabdus stockiae, Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. hainanensis as a larvicide against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Methods: Larvae(L3-L4) of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were given 2 m L of a suspension 107-108 CFU/m L of each symbiotic bacterium. Distilled water and Escherichia coli ATCC襅25922 were used as the control. The mortality rate of the larval mosquitoes was observed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The experiment was performed in triplicates. Results: The larvae of both Aedes species started to die at 24 h exposure. Aedes aegypti showed the highest mortality rate(87%-99%), 96 h after exposure to Xenorhabdus stockiae(b NBP22.2_TH). The mortality rate of Aedes albopictus was between 82% and 96% at 96 h after exposure to Xenorhabdus indica(b KK26.2_TH). Low effectiveness of distilled water and Escherichia coli ATCC襅25922 were observed in both Aedes larvae, with a mortality rate of 2% to 12%. Conclusions: The study confirms the oral toxicity of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria against Aedes spp. Xenorhabdus stockiae and Xenorhabdus indica may be an alternative agent for control Aedes spp. This is basic information for further study on the mechanism of action on Aedes larvae or application to control mosquito larvae in the community.

关键词： Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Photorhabdus Xenorhabdus Larvicidal activity

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Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis in sheep and goat in west highland pasture of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第5期7卷 455-459页

作者： Ali Yousefi Sadegh Rahbari Parviz Shayan Zainab Sadeghi-dehkordi Alireza Bahonar department of microbiology Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University department of parasitology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Tehran department of parasitology Faculty of Paraveterinary MedicineBu-Ali Sina University department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Tehran

Objective:To determine the prevalence of Anaplasma marginale(***) and Anaplasma ovis from sheep and goat in different highland pasture in west of ***:From July 2015 to October 2015,370 blood samples of sheep and goat were collected from different regions in Hamedan province,*** DNA extracted from blood and subsequently,16 S r RNA and MSP4 genes were analyzed by nested-PCR,semi nested-PCR and RFLP ***:In the PCR assessment,overall 27.5%(102/370) of sheep and goat were positive for Anaplasma ovis and *** infection,which was lower than reports from tropical and subtropical regions of *** analysis(the Chi-square test) did not show any significant relation between infection and variables such as location,tick infestation age and sex(P > 0.05).No significant correlation between the altitude and the Anaplasma species infection was found(Mann–Whitney test:P > 0.05).However,Anaplasma infection in goat significantly is more than the sheep(P = 0.008).Conclusions:The ecological changes affect the frequency and distribution of Anaplasma ***,our results indicate that sheep as potential reservoirs of ***.

关键词： Anaplasma PCR Sheep Goat Iran

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Correlates of resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection in Nigerian West African dwarf sheep

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第7期5卷 529-532页

作者： IK Idika SN Chiejina LI Mhomga PA Nnadi LA Ngongeh department of veterinary parasitology and Entomology University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria department of veterinary parasitology and microbiology Michael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeNigeria department of Animal Health and Production University of AgricultureMakurdiNigeria department of Animal Health and Production University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Objective:To investigate correlates of resistance to G1 nematode infection in Nigerian West African dwarf(WAD) ***:Thirty three sheep were randomly assigned to two groups, A(n=27) which were used for experimental infections,and B(n=6) which served as uninfected *** infected animal received weekly escalating infections with infective larvae(60% Haemonchus contortus(***) and 40%Trichostrongylus colubriformis(***) for 4 *** responses of all the infected and control sheep were assessed by faecal egg count(FEC),worm burden(Wb),packed cell volume(PCV),body weight(Bwt).and body condition score(BCS).On the basis of their individual faecal egg output,Lambs in group A with epg≤1 000 on any sampling day were classified as low faecal egg count(LFEC) phenotype(n = 16),those with epg between 1 000 and 10 000 as intermediate(n=5) and lambs with epg > 10 000 as high feacal egg count(HFEC) phenotype(n=6).Results:The difference between the FEC classes was highly significant(P=0.001).The BCS and weight gained at the end of the experiment by the control and LFEC sheep was significandy higher(P≤0.05) than those of the intermediate and HFEC *** was a significant and negative correlation between the parasitological measures and the trio of BCS,PCV and Bwt of ***:The result of the study indicated that the FEC,weight gain,PCV,and BCS are correlates and potential selection crileria of G1 nematode resistant WAD sheep.

关键词： WAD sheep Phenotypic markers Resistance Resilience GI nematode

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Worldwide risk factors in leishmaniasis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第10期9卷 901-909页

作者： A.Oryan M.Akbari department of Pathology School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz University department of parasitology School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz University

Recently, Vector-borne parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis have been emerged or reemerged in many geographical areas and resulted in global health and economic concerns that involve humans, domestic animals and wild life. The ecology and epidemiology of leishmaniasis are affected by the between host, reservoir and vector(human, animal and sandfly) and the environment. Important drivers for the emergence and spread of leishmaniasis include environmental factors such as alterations in temperature and water storage, irrigation habits, deforestation, climate changes, immunosuppression by HIV or organ transplant, development of drug resistance, increase traveling to endemic regions and dog importation. War, poor socio-economic status and low level household are also major contributors to the spread of this disease. Health education via the public media and training should be implemented by international organizations and governmental agencies in collaboration with research institutions. During transmission season, fully protection can be mentioned by using bednets and insecticides and reservoirs' control in the planning. Based on the findings of the recent studies and high prevalence of leishmaniasis, it is concluded that serious public health monitoring should be considered.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Risk factors Emergence disease Sandfly

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Antibacterial Behavior of Laser-Ablated Copper Nanoparticles

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第8期29卷 748-754页

作者： hina khalid shamaila shamaila nosheen zafar rehana sharif jawad nazir mohammad rafique sheeba ghani hussain saba department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology department of microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Copper nanoparticles（Cu NPs） have been synthesized by using laser ablation method,using deionized water as main *** formation of Cu NPs is confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer（UV-Vis）,atomic force microscopy（AFM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）.Cu NPs fabricated by laser ablation have diameter in the range from 14 to 55 *** analysis revealed the face-centered cubic（fcc） crystal structure of Cu *** antibacterial activity of Cu NPs has been evaluated in vitro against strains of Escherichia coli（***） and Staphylococcus aureus（***）.The fabricated Cu NPs show considerable antibacterial activity against both bacterial *** bacterial activity of Cu NPs was found to depend on the microbial species.

关键词： Laser-ablated nanoparticles UV-visible spectrophotometer Atomic force microscopy(AFM) Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus

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Efficacy of voriconazole on leishmaniasis by Leishmania major: An in vitro and in vivo study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第10期11卷 562-569页

作者： Ahmad Oryan Somayeh Bahrami Effat Bemani department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University department of parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

Objective: To appraise the activity of voriconazole against Leishmania major(L. major) in vitro and its effectiveness on wound regeneration in cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice Methods: The IC_(50) of voriconazole against promastigotes and intra-macrophage amastigotes of L. major was investigated in vitro. The in vivo study was performed by treating the L. major infected BALB/c mice. When the wounds appeared in the base of tail, treatment was started by administration of 30 mg/kg voriconazole for 28 consecutive days orally. Results: The IC_(50) of voriconazole against promastigotes and intra-macrophage amastigotes were 0.74 and 0.89μM, respectively. Voriconazole decreased lipid peroxidation and IL-6 level. Histopathologica findings indicated accelerated healing in the voriconazole treated group compared to other groups. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that voriconazole can be an option in treating the cutaneous leishmaniasis by L. major.

关键词： Leishmania major Wound healing Azoles Voriconazole Histopathology

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