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Exploring the functional roles of small-molecule metabolites in disease research:Recent advancements in metabolomics

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 93-100页

作者： Aolei Tan Xiaoxiao Ma department of precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Metabolism encompasses a series of intricate biochemical processes that are vital for the sustenance of life in ***,an essential scientific discipline,is a field of study within the broader domain of systems biology that focuses on the comprehensive analysis of small molecules,known as metabolites including lipids,coenzymes,etc.,which are synthesized during *** the contin-uous development of metabolomics,the multiple biological functions of metabolites are constantly being discovered,encompassing signal transduction and enzyme stimulation,while concurrently exhibiting as-sociations with afflictions like cancer and *** comprehension of metabolite functionalities and their intricate interplay with disease conditions assumes paramount importance in both disease-focused research endeavors and the development of diagnostic *** scholarly exposition undertakes an ex-tensive review of recent advancements in the investigation of functional roles assumed by metabolites,with specific emphasis on metabolites in lipid synthesis,glucose metabolism and exogenous metabolites.

关键词： Metabolites Small molecules Biological functions Physiological processes Diseases

Neural plasticity in Parkinson's disease:a neuroimaging perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1203-1205页

作者： Christina Andica Koji Kamagata department of radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan Faculty of health Data Science Juntendo UniversityChibaJapan

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by classical motor signs of bradykinesia,rigidity,tremors,and postural instability usually manifesti ng unilate rally or at least *** disease involves a loss of dopaminergic neurons projecting from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the dorsal striatum.

关键词： rigidity tremor primarily

Proposal for a realtime Einstein-synchronization-defined satellite virtual clock

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 268-276页

作者：严晨皓汤雪逸王时光孟李皎悦孙海媛何奕彬王力军 department of precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100091China department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100091China

Realization of high performance satellite onboard clock is vital for various positioning, navigation, and timing applications. For further improvement of the synchronization-based satellite time and frequency references, we propose a geosynchronous(GEO) satellite virtual clock concept based on ground–satellite synchronization and present a beacon transponder structure for its implementation(scheduled for launch in 2025), which does not require atomic clocks to be mounted on the satellite. Its high performance relies only on minor modifications to the existing transponder structure of GEO satellites. We carefully model the carrier phase link and analyze the factors causing link asymmetry within the special relativity. Considering that performance of such synchronization-based satellite clocks is primarily limited by the link's random phase noise, which cannot be adequately modeled, we design a closed-loop experiment based on commercial GEO satellites for pre-evaluation. This experiment aims at extracting the zero-means random part of the ground-satellite Ku-band carrier phase via a feedback loop. Ultimately, we obtain a 1σ value of 0.633 ps(two-way link), following the Gaussian distribution. From this result, we conclude that the proposed real-time Einstein-synchronization-defined satellite virtual clock can achieve picosecond-level replication of onboard time and frequency.

关键词： Einstein synchronization satellite virtual clock geosynchronous satellite carrier phase

Magnetically responsive manipulation of droplets and bubbles

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Droplet 2024年第2期3卷 73-94页

作者： Shaojun Jiang Dong Wu Jiawen Li Jiaru Chu Yanlei Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Precision Machinery and Precision InstrumentationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina

Droplets and bubbles have a wide range of applications in industry,agriculture,and daily life,and their controllable manipulation is of significant scientific and technological *** magnetically responsive manipulation strategies have been developed to achieve precise control over droplets and *** manipulate nonmagnetic droplets or bubbles with magnetic fields,the presence of magnetic medium is *** additives can be added to the surface or interior of droplets and bubbles,allowing for on-demand manipulation by direct magnetic ***,magnetically responsive elastomer substrates can be used to actuate droplets and bubbles by controlling the deformation of microstructures on the substrates through magnetic *** strategy is based on untethered magnetic devices,which enables free mobility,facilitating versatile manipulation of droplets and bubbles in a flexible *** paper reviews the advances in magnetically responsive manipulation strategies from the perspective of droplets and *** overview of the different classes of magnetic medium,along with their respective corresponding droplet/bubble manipulation methods and principles,is first ***,the applications of droplet/bubble manipulation in biomedicine,microchemistry,and other fields are ***,the remaining challenges and future opportunities related to regulating droplet/bubble behavior using magnetic fields are discussed.

关键词： deformation bubble versatile

Research on General-Purpose Brain-Inspired Computing Systems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第1期39卷 4-21页

作者：渠鹏纪兴龙陈嘉杰庞猛李宇晨刘晓义张悠慧 department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China department of precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Brain-inspired computing is a new technology that draws on the principles of brain science and is oriented to the efficient development of artificial general intelligence(AGI),and a brain-inspired computing system is a hierarchical system composed of neuromorphic chips,basic software and hardware,and algorithms/applications that embody this *** the system is developing rapidly,it faces various challenges and opportunities brought by interdisciplinary research,including the issue of software and hardware *** paper analyzes the status quo of brain-inspired computing *** by some design principle and methodology of general-purpose computers,it is proposed to construct"general-purpose"brain-inspired computing systems.A general-purpose brain-inspired computing system refers to a brain-inspired computing hierarchy constructed based on the design philosophy of decoupling software and hardware,which can flexibly support various brain-inspired computing applications and neuromorphic chips with different ***,this paper introduces our recent work in these aspects,including the ANN(artificial neural network)/SNN(spiking neural network)development tools,the hardware agnostic compilation infrastructure,and the chip micro-archi-tecture with high flexibility of programming and high performance;these studies show that the"general-purpose"system can remarkably improve the efficiency of application development and enhance the productivity of basic software,thereby being conductive to accelerating the advancement of various brain-inspired algorithms and *** believe that this is the key to the collaborative research and development,and the evolution of applications,basic software and chips in this field,and conducive to building a favorable software/hardware ecosystem of brain-inspired computing.

关键词： brain-inspired computing neuromorphic chip compiler spiking neural network

Spatial light modulation for femtosecond laser manufacturing:Current developments and challenges

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 60-72页

作者： ZANG Xue LIU ZiTing XU YiShi WANG Yi WANG Qing LI ZhenZe WANG Lei State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China State Key Laboratory of precision Measurement and Instruments Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Since the invention of lasers,spatial-light-modulated laser processing has become a powerful tool for various *** enables multidimensional and dynamic modulation of the laser beam,which significantly improves the processing efficiency,accuracy,and flexibility,and presents wider prospects over traditional mechanical technologies for machining three-dimensional,hard,brittle,or transparent *** this review,we introduce:(1)The role of spatial light modulation technology in the development of femtosecond laser manufacturing;(2)the structured light generated by spatial light modulation and its generation methods;and(3)representative applications of spatial-light-modulated femtosecond laser manufacturing,including aberration correction,parallel processing,focal field engineering,and polarization ***,we summarize the present challenges in the field and possible future research.

关键词： femtosecond laser manufacturing spatial light modulation structured light aberration correction parallel processing focal field engineering polarization control

Tunable single emitter-cavity coupling strength through waveguide-assisted energy quantum transfer

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1779-1788页

作者： Yuan Liu Hongwei Zhou Linhan Lin Hong-Bo Sun department of precision Instrument State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

The emitter-cavity strong coupling manifests crucial significance for exploiting quantum technology,especially in the scale of individual ***,due to the small light-matter interaction cross-section,the single emitter-cavity strong coupling has been limited by its harsh requirement on the quality factor of the cavity and the local density of optical ***,we present a strategy termed waveguide-assisted energy quantum transfer(WEQT)to improve the single emitter-cavity coupling strength by extending the interaction *** ancillary emitters are optically linked by a waveguide,providing an indirect coupling channel to transfer the energy quantum between target emitter and *** enhancement factor of coupling strength eg=g>10 can be easily achieved,which dramatically release the rigorous design of *** an extension of concept,we further show that the ancillae can be used as controlling bits for a photon gate,opening up new degrees of freedom in quantum manipulation.

关键词： quantum coupling transfer

Photoswitchable Spiropyridine Enabled Photoactuation of Polymeric Hydrogels under Physiological pH Conditions

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第10期42卷 1602-1609,I0015页

作者： Cong Liao Meng-Qi Du Chuang Li Key Laboratory of precision and Intelligent Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaAnhui230026China

The incorporation of molecular switches into polymer networks has been a powerful approach for the development of functional polymer materials that display macroscopic actuation and function enabled directly by molecular ***,such materials sometimes require harsh conditions to perform their functions,and the design of new molecular photoswitches that can function under physiological conditions is highly ***,we report the design and synthesis of a spiropyridine-based photoswitchable hydrogel that exhibits light-driven actuation at physiological *** to its high p Ka,spiropyridine maintains its ring-open protonated form at neutral pH,and the resulting hydrogel remains in a swollen *** irradiation with visible light,the ring closure of spiropyridine leads to a decrease in the charge and a reduction in the volume of the *** contracted gel could spontaneously recover to its expanding state in the dark,and this process is highly dynamic and reversible when the light is switched on and ***,the hydrogel shows switchable fluorescence in response to visible *** deformation is observed in the hydrogel thin films upon irradiation from one ***,the independence of this spiropyridine hydrogel from the acidic environment makes it biotolerant and shows excellent *** biocompatible spiropyridine hydrogel might have important biorelated applications in the future.

关键词： Spiropyridine photowitch Polymer hydrogel Photoactuation Physiological pH Biocompatibility

Laser manufacturing of spatial resolution approaching quantum limit

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 421-428页

作者： Xiao-Jie Wang Hong-Hua Fang Zhen-Ze Li Dan Wang Hong-Bo Sun State Key Laboratory of precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun 130012China

Atomic and close-to-atom scale manufacturing is a promising avenue toward single-photon emitters,single-electron transistors,single-atom memory,and quantum-bit devices for future communication,computation,and sensing *** manufacturing is outstanding to this end for ease of beam manipulation,batch production,and no requirement for *** is,however,suffering from optical diffraction ***,we report a spatial resolution improved to the quantum limit by exploiting a threshold tracing and lock-in method,whereby the two-order gap between atomic point defect complexes and optical diffraction limit is surpassed,and a feature size of<5 nm is *** underlying physics is that the uncertainty of local atom thermal motion dominates electron excitation,rather than the power density slope of the incident *** show that the colour centre yield in hexagonal boron nitride is transformed from stochastic to deterministic,and the emission from individual sites becomes polychromatic to *** a result,single colour centres in the regular array are deterministically created with a unity yield and high positional accuracy,serving as a step forward for integrated quantum technological applications.

关键词： quantum limit resolution