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Greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of cattle feedlot manure with construction and demolition （C＆D） waste

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 141-152页

作者： Xiying Hao Francis J. Larney Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Lethbridge Alberta T1J 4B1 Canada

Manure management strategies should reflect current animal feeding practices and encourage recycling of organic waste to help protect our environment. This research investigated greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions during cattle manure stockpiling or composting with and without construction and demolition （C＆D） waste. Manure was collected from cattle fed a typical finishing diet （CK manure） and from cattle on diets which included 30% dried distillers grains with solubles （DG manure）. The CK and DG manures were co-composted with （4：1） C＆D waste （treatments： CK CD, DG CD）, composted alone （treatments： CK and DG） in 13 m3 bins or stockpiled without C＆D ~vaste （treatments： CK ST and DGST） for 99 days. Manure type （CK vs. DG manure） had no effect on GHG emissions-over the 99 day manure composting or stockpiling. Composting with C＆D waste 2 produced similar CO2 emissions, about double that from manure stockpthng （7.9 kgC.m^-2）. In contrast, CH4 emissions were reduced by the inclusion of C＆D waste （64 gC.m^-1 with C＆D vs. 244 gC.m 2 without C＆D） while the manure stockpile emitted the greatest amount of CH4 （464 gC. m 2）. Additionally, only 0.48% of C was emitted in CH4 form with C＆D waste, compared to 1.68% when composting without C＆D waste and 7.00% when cattle manure was stockpiled. The N2O emissions （12.4 to 18.0 gN.m ） were similar across all treatments. The lower CH4 emissions with C＆D waste are beneficial in reducing overall GHG emissions from manure composting, while reducing the amount of material entering landfills.

关键词： Livestock manuregreenhouse gas fluxstraw bale compost binN2O CH4 CO2

Chicken collagen hydrolysates differentially mediate anti-inflammatory activity and type I collagen synthesis on human dermal fibroblasts

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2018年第2期7卷 138-147页

作者： Marina Offengenden Subhadeep Chakrabarti Jianping Wu Department of Agricultural Food&Nutritional Science and the Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

Collagen is a major extracellular matrix *** the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant profiles of these bioactive compounds,there has been increasing interest in using collagen derived peptides and peptide-rich collagen hydrolysates for skin health,due to their immunomodulatory,antioxidant and proliferative effects on dermal ***,all hydrolysates are not equally effective in exerting the beneficial effects;hence,further research is needed to determine the factors that improve the therapeutic applicability of such *** used different enzymatic conditions to generate a number of different collagen hydrolysates with distinct peptide *** found that the use of two rather than one enzyme for hydrolysis generates a greater abundance of low molecular weight peptides with consequent improvement in bioactive *** these hydrolysates on human dermal fibroblasts showed distinct actions on inflammatory changes,oxidative stress,type I collagen synthesis and cellular *** findings suggest that different enzymatic conditions affect the peptide profile of hydrolysates and differentially regulate their biological activities and potential protective responses on dermal fibroblasts.

关键词： Chicken collagen Collagen peptides Antioxidant activity Anti-inflammatory activity Human dermal fibroblasts

Nutrient variability and its influence on nitrogen processes in a highly turbid tropical estuary(Bangpakong, Gulf of Thailand)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 131-142页

作者： Adriano A.Bordalo Kashane Chalermwat Catarina Teixeira Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecology Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Porto centre of Marine and Environmental research University of Porto Department of Aquatic Sciences Burapha University

Estuarine ecosystems in SE Asia have been poorly studied when compared to other tropical environments. Important gaps exist particularly in the understanding of their biogeochemical function and contribution to global change. In this work we looked into N-turnover in the water column and sediments of the Bangpakong estuary（13°N）. A seasonal sampling program was performed along the salinity gradient covering different stretches of the estuary（68 km）.Key physical and chemical characteristics were also monitored in order to unravel possible environmental controls. Results showed the occurrence of active denitrification in sediments（5.7–50.9 nmol N-N2/（cm3·hr））, and water column（3.5–1044 pmol N-N2/（cm3·hr））. No seasonal or spatial variability was detected for denitrification potential in sediment samples. However, in the water column, the denitrification activity peaked during the transition season in the downstream sites coinciding with high turbidity levels. Therefore, in that period of the year, the water column compartment may be an important contributor to nitrate reduction within the estuary. The rather low nitrification rates detected were not always measurable, probably due to the reduced oxygen content and high siltation. This study is one of the few dealing simultaneously with sediments and water column processes in a highly turbid tropical ***, it emerges as a valuable contribution for the understanding of the dynamics of the nitrogen cycle in tropical environments by exploring the role of estuarine N microbial activity in reducing the effects of increased nitrogen loads.

关键词： Nutrients Denitrification Nitrification Tropical estuary Bangpakong River

Metallic Functionally Graded Materials:A Specific Class of Advanced Composites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第4期29卷 297-316页

作者： Jerzy J.Sobczak Ludmil Drenchev Foundry research Institute KrakowPoland Institute of Metal Science Equipment and Technology with Hydro and Aero-dynamics CentreBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofaBulgaria

Functionally graded materials, including their characterization, properties and production methods are a new rapidly developing field of materials science. The aims of this review are to systematize the basic production techniques for manufacturing functionally graded materials. Attention is paid to the principles for obtaining graded structure mainly in the metal based functionally graded materials. Several unpublished results obtained by the authors have been discussed briefly. Experimental methods and theoretical analysis for qualitative and quantitative estimation of graded properties have also been presented. The article can be useful for people who work in the field of functionally graded structures and materials, and who need a compact informative review of recent experimental and theoretical activity in this area.

关键词： Functionally graded materials Production techniques Theoretical analysis

Engineering complex systems applied to risk management in the mining industry

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 611-616页

作者： Domingues Maria S.Q. Baptista Adelina L.F. Diogo Miguel Tato CERENA - centre for Natural Resources and the Environment Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto 4200-465 Portugal CLEGI-centre Lusiada of research and Development in Engineering and Industrial Management University Lusiada-North Vila Nova de Famalicao 4760-108 Portugal

Related to complexity, there is a wide diversity of concepts, ranging from ‘‘systemic" to ‘‘complex", implying a need for a unified terminology. Per different authors, the main drivers of complexity can be found in human behaviour and uncertainty. This complexity, structural or dynamic can be organizational, technological, or nested in their relationship. ISO international standard 31000:2009 definition of risk management ‘‘coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk", when applied to economic sectors, industry, services, project, or activity, it requires the use of models or theories as guidelines. Therefore, as its basic elements comprehend human behaviour and/or uncertainty, risk management to be effective and adapted as much as possible to reality, must be operational within complex systems, as already demonstrated in different R&D environments. Risk management faces demanding challenges when approaching specific and endogenous needs, such as the mining sector. This paper presents a multivariable function analysis methodology approach based on complex system modelling and through real data corresponding to a risk management tool in the mining sector.

关键词： Risk Risk management Complex systems Mining Decision making

Novel understanding of ABC transporters ABCB1/MDR/P-glycoprotein, ABCC2/MRP2, and ABCG2/BCRP in colorectal pathophysiology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第41期21卷 11862-11876页

作者： Vibeke Andersen Katrine Svenningsen Lina Almind Knudsen Axel Kornerup Hansen Uffe Holmskov Allan Stensballe Ulla Vogel Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Health research Unit Hospital of Southern Jutland Institute of Regional Health research-centre S?nderjylland University of Southern Denmark Medical Department Regional Hospital Viborg Experimental Animal Models University of Copenhagen Department of Cancer and Inflammation research University of Southern Denmark Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University National research centre for the Working Environment

AIM: To evaluate ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters in colonic pathophysiology as they had recently been related to colorectal cancer(CRC) development. METHODS: Literature search was conducted on Pub Med using combinations of the following terms: ABC transporters, ATP binding cassette transporter proteins, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative, colitis, Crohns disease, colorectal cancer, colitis, intestinal inflammation, intestinal carcinogenesis, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein(P-gp/CD243/MDR1), ABCC2/multidrug resistance protein 2(MRP2) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP), Abcb1/Mdr1 a, abcc2/Mrp2, abcg2/Bcrp, knock-out mice, tight junction, membrane lipid function. RESULTS: Recently, human studies reported thatchanges in the levels of ABC transporters were early events in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence leading to CRC. A link between ABCB1, high fat diet and gut microbes in relation to colitis was suggested by the animal studies. The finding that colitis was preceded by altered gut bacterial composition suggests that deletion of Abcb1 leads to fundamental changes of hostmicrobiota interaction. Also, high fat diet increases the frequency and severity of colitis in specific pathogenfree Abcb1 KO mice. The Abcb1 KO mice might thus serve as a model in which diet/environmental factors and microbes may be controlled and investigated in relation to intestinal inflammation. Potential molecular mechanisms include defective transport of inflammatory mediators and/or phospholipid translocation from one side to the other of the cell membrane lipid bilayer by ABC transporters affecting inflammatory response and/or function of tight junctions, phagocytosis and vesicle trafficking. Also, diet and microbes give rise to molecules which are potential substrates for the ABC transporters and which may additionally affect ABC transporter function through nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation. Another critical role of ABCB1 was suggested by the finding that ABCB1 expr

关键词： ATP-binding cassette transporters Colorectal cance

diet for stroke prevention

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 44-50页

作者： J David Spence Stroke Prevention&Atherosclerosis research centre Robarts Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Lifestyle is far more important than most physicians *** changes in China that have resulted from increased prosperity are probably responsible for a marked rise in coronary risk in the past several decades,accelerating in recent *** of meat and eggs has increased,while intake of fruits,vegetables and whole grains has *** 2003 and 2013,coronary mortality in China increased 213%,while stroke mortality increased by 26.6%.Besides a high content of cholesterol,meat(particularly red meat)contains carnitine,while egg yolks contain *** are converted by the intestinal microbiome to trimethylamine,in turn oxidised in the liver to trimethylamine n-oxide(TMAO).TMAO causes atherosclerosis in animal models,and in patients referred for coronary angiography high levels after a test dose of two hard-boiled eggs predicted increased cardiovascular *** strongest evidence for dietary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction is with the Mediterranean diet from Crete,a nearly vegetarian diet that is high in beneficial oils,whole grains,fruits,vegetables and *** at risk of stroke should avoid egg yolk,limit intake of red meat and consume a diet similar to the Mediterranean diet.A crucial issue for stroke prevention in China is reduction of sodium *** changes,although difficult to implement,represent an important opportunity to prevent stroke and have the potential to reverse the trend of increased cardiovascular risk in China.

关键词： prevention intake mortality

Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin E in Chronic Plumbism

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第4期2卷 335-340页

作者： MAMTADHAWAN S.J.S.FLORA S.K.TANDON Industrial Toxicology research centre P.O.Box 80Lucknow-226001India

The ability of vitamin E to prevent or treat experimental lead intoxication was investigated in *** ingestion(10 mg/kg,lead as lead acetate,orally fbr 6 weeks)significantly inhibited the activity of blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase(ALAD),reduced the brain dopamine (DA)contents,enhanced the blood zinc protoporphyrin,and enhanced the urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid(ALA).Lead exposure also elevated brain norepinephrine,homovanillic acid,and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA)levels and concentration of lead in blood and *** supplementation of vitamin E along with lead significantly reduced the inhibition of blood ALAD activity,brain DA and 5-HIAA levels,and elevation of urinary ALA *** and liver lead concentrations were also significantly reduced by simultaneous supplementation with vitamin *** exposure treatment with vitamin E was ineffective in reducing the lead-induced effects,except that the inhibition of blood ALAD activity was slightly *** present results suggest that vitamin E given simultaneously with lead is effective in reducing the severity of lead intoxication.1989 Academic ***.

关键词： Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin E in Chronic Plumbism ALAD

Effect of diets supplemented with linseed alone or combined with vitamin E and selenium or with plant extracts,on Longissimus thoracis transcriptome in growing-finishing Italian Large White pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 159-171页

作者： Rubina Sirri Marika Vitali Paolo Zambonelli Giulia Giannini Martina Zappaterra Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego Dalal Sami Roberta Davoli Interdepartmental centre for Industrial Agrifood research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL) University of Bologna Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Interdepartmental research centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA) University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Background: Supplementing farm animals diet with functional ingredients may improve the nutritional quality of meat *** composition has been also demonstrated to influence the gene expression with effect on biological processes and ***,the knowledge on the effect of nutrients at the molecular level is *** particular,studies on the effects of antioxidants and polyphenols dietary supplementation have been investigated mainly in rodents,and only scarcely in farm animals so ***-Seq with next-generation sequencing is increasingly the method of choice for studying changes in the transcriptome and it has been recently employed also in pig nutrigenomics studies to identify diet-induced changes in gene *** present study aimed to investigate the effect of diets enriched with functional ingredients(linseed,vitamin E and plant extracts) on the transcriptome of pig Longissimus thoracis to elucidate the role of these compounds in influencing genes involved in muscle physiology and metabolism compared to a standard ***: Eight hundred ninety-three significant differentially expressed genes(DEGs)(FDR adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05)were detected by RNA-Seq analysis in the three diet comparisons(D2-D1,D3-D1,D4-D1).The functional analysis of DEGs showed that the diet enriched with n-3 PUFA from linseed(D2) mostly downregulated genes in pathways and biological processes(BPs) related to muscle development,contraction,and glycogen metabolism compared to the standard *** diet supplemented with linseed and vitamin E/Selenium(D3) showed to mostly downregulate genes linked to oxidative *** few genes involved in extracellular matrix(ECM)organization were upregulated by the ***,the comparison D4-D1 showed that the diet supplemented with linseed and plant extracts(D4) upregulated the majority of genes compared to D1 that were involved in a complex network of pathways and BPs all connected by hub *** particular,IGF2 wa

关键词： diet supplementation Functional analysis Gene expression Linseed Muscle transcriptome n-3 PUFA Pigs Plant extracts Polyphenols Vitamin E