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Gut microbiota-astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 990-1008页

作者： Lan Zhang Jingge Wei Xilei Liu Dai Li Xiaoqi Pang Fanglian Chen Hailong Cao Ping Lei Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Department of GeriatricsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Geriatrics Institute Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNational Key Clinical SpecialtyTianjin Institute of Digestive DiseasesTianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesTianjinChina Department of Urology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Neurological Institution Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent *** is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of *** microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive *** article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative *** article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial ***,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s *** findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.

关键词： age aging Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes cognitive decline dementia gut microbiota gut–brain axis microbial metabolites neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease

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Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1555-1564页

作者： Eunhee Kim Rudolph ETanzi Se Hoon Choi Genetics and Aging Research Unit MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA McCance Center for Brain Health Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease exercise fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) irisin

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Acquired sensorineural hearing loss,oxidative stress,and microRNAs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2513-2519页

作者： Desmond A.Nunez Ru C.Guo Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Gordon&Leslie Diamond Health Care CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Medicine–The University of British Columbia VancouverBCCanada

Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human ***-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health ***-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing *** etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental *** stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing *** non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic *** hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing *** these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing *** EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science Core Collection,and *** databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical *** red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus *** excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text *** resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative *** miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in *** miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P GC-1α),SIRT

关键词： hearing loss hypoxia microRNAs oxidative stress sensorineural

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Irreversible electroporation for metastatic pancreatic carcinoma with liver metastasis:What does the evidence say

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第3期13卷 30-34页

作者： Ranit Seal Akash Bararia Bitan Kumar Chattopadhyay Nilabja Sikdar Department of general Surgery IPGME&R and SSKM HospitalKolkata 700020West BengalIndia Human Genetics Unit Indian Statistical InstituteKolkata 700108West BengalIndia Estaurine and Coastal studies Foundation Howrah 711101India

Irreversible electroporation is a promising non-thermal ablation method that has been shown to increase overall survival in locally advanced pancreatic cancer in some ***,higher quality studies with proper controls and randomization are required to establish its superiority when added with neoadjuvant chemotherapy over the current management of choice,which is chemotherapy *** studies are required before establishment of any survival benefit in metastatic pancreatic carcinoma,and such evidence is lacking at present.

关键词： Irreversible electroporation Locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma Metastatic pancreatic carcinoma Advanced pancreatic carcinoma Chemotherapy

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A Comprehensive Survey on Federated Learning Applications in Computational Mental Healthcare

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 49-90页

作者： Vajratiya Vajrobol Geetika Jain Saxena Amit Pundir Sanjeev Singh Akshat Gaurav Savi Bansal Razaz Waheeb Attar Mosiur Rahman Brij B.Gupta Institute of Informatics and Communication University of DelhiDelhi110021India Maharaja Agrasen College University of DelhiDelhi110096India Computer Engineering Ronin InstituteMontclairNJ 07043USA Department of Research and Innovation Insights2TechinfoJaipur302001India University centre for Research and Development(UCRD) Chandigarh UniversityChandigarh140413India Management Department College of Business AdministrationPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia CCRI&Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichung413Taiwan Symbiosis centre for Information Technology(SCIT) Symbiosis International UniversityPune411057India Center for Interdisciplinary Research University of Petroleum and Energy Studies(UPES)Dehradun248007India

Mental health is a significant issue worldwide,and the utilization of technology to assist mental health has seen a growing *** aims to alleviate the workload on healthcare professionals and aid *** applications have been developed to support the challenges in intelligent healthcare ***,because mental health data is sensitive,privacy concerns have *** learning has gotten some *** research reviews the studies on federated learning and mental health related to solving the issue of intelligent healthcare *** explores various dimensions of federated learning in mental health,such as datasets(their types and sources),applications categorized based on mental health symptoms,federated mental health frameworks,federated machine learning,federated deep learning,and the benefits of federated learning in mental health *** research conducts surveys to evaluate the current state of mental health applications,mainly focusing on the role of Federated Learning(FL)and related privacy and data security *** survey provides valuable insights into how these applications are emerging and evolving,specifically emphasizing FL’s impact.

关键词： Depression emotional recognition intelligent healthcare systems mental health federated learning stress detection sleep behaviour

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Upper ocean high resolution regional modeling of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 32-50页

作者： Dwivedi Suneet Mishra Alok Kumar Srivastava Atul K Banerjee centre of Atmospheric and Ocean studies and M N Saha centre of Space studies University of Allahabad

In this paper, effort is made to demonstrate the quality of high-resolution regional ocean circulation model in realistically simulating the circulation and variability properties of the northern Indian Ocean(10°S–25°N,45°–100°E) covering the Arabian Sea(AS) and Bay of Bengal(BoB). The model run using the open boundary conditions is carried out at 10 km horizontal resolution and highest vertical resolution of 2 m in the upper *** surface and sub-surface structure of hydrographic variables(temperature and salinity) and currents is compared against the observations during 1998–2014(17 years). In particular, the seasonal variability of the sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface currents over the model domain is studied. The highresolution model's ability in correct estimation of the spatio-temporal mixed layer depth(MLD) variability of the AS and BoB is also shown. The lowest MLD values are observed during spring(March-April-May) and highest during winter(December-January-February) seasons. The maximum MLD in the AS(BoB) during December to February reaches 150 m (67 m). On the other hand, the minimum MLD in these regions during March-April-May becomes as low as 11–12 m. The influence of wind stress, net heat flux and freshwater flux on the seasonal variability of the MLD is discussed. The physical processes controlling the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature are investigated by carrying out mixed layer heat budget analysis. It is found that air-sea fluxes play a dominant role in the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the contribution of horizontal advection, vertical entrainment and diffusion processes is small. The upper ocean zonal and meridional volume transport across different sections in the AS and BoB is also computed. The seasonal variability of the transports is studied in the context of monsoonal currents.

关键词： Indian Ocean modeling Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal mixed layer depth transport

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Burden of mental disorders and risk factors in the Western Pacific region from 1990 to 2021

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2025年第1期15卷 93-105页

作者： Ya-Xin Xu Xiao-Xuan Niu Wen-Chang Jia Jing Wen Xue-Lin Cheng Yan Han Ming-Hui Peng Jing Zhou Yao Liu Sun-Fang Jiang Xiao-Pan Li Department of Health Management centre Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of general Practice Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of Nutrition Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

BACKGROUND The burden of mental disorders(MD)in the Western Pacific Region(WPR)re-mains a critical public health concern,with substantial variations across demogra-phics and *** To analyze the burden of MD in the WPR from 1990 to 2021,along with associated risk factors,to reveal changing trends and emerging *** We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021,analyzing prevalence,incidence,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)of MD from 1990 to *** methods included age-standardisation and uncertainty analysis to address variations in population structure and data *** Between 1990 and 2021,the prevalence of MD rose from 174.40 million cases[95%uncertainty interval(UI):160.17-189.84]to 234.90 million cases(95%UI:219.04-252.50),with corresponding DALYs increasing from 22.8 million(95%UI:17.22-28.79)to 32.07 million(95%UI:24.50-40.68).During this period,the burden of MD shifted towards older age *** and anxiety disorders were predominant,with females showing higher DALYs for depressive and anxiety disorders,and males more affected by conduct disorders,attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,and autism spectrum ***,New Zealand,and Malaysia reported the highest burdens,whereas Vietnam,China,and Brunei Darussalam reported the ***,childhood sexual abuse and bullying,and intimate partner violence emerged as significant risk *** This study highlights the significant burden of MD in the WPR,with variations by age,gender,and *** coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated the situation,emphasizing the need for a coordinated response.

关键词： Mental disorders Western pacific region Global Burden of Disease Risk factors Disability-adjusted life years

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites as Antibacterial Agents:A Bio-inspired Approach

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第1期30卷 45-52页

作者： Edreese Alsharaeh Sarah Alazzam Faheem Ahmed Nishat Arshi Mohammed Al-Hindawi Garwin Kim Sing College of Science & general studies Alfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

In this paper, silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） and AgNPs/reduced graphene oxide （RGO） nanocomposites were prepared using lemon juice under microwave irradiation （MWI） and UV light irradiation. AgNPs with face-centered cubic structure RGO peaks were observed by X-ray diffraction. The UV-Vis spectrum showed modifications in the absorption peaks of the AgNPs with the concentration of the precursor solution and irradiation time, and the optimized condition was obtained for 20 min MWI and 60 s of UV light. Raman analysis confirmed the presence of RGO as D and G bands in the spectrum. Transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed that the AgNPs of size ranging from 3 to 8 nm were anchored onto the RGO sheets. The antibacterial properties of the AgNPs/RGO nanocomposites were investigated using gram-negative bacteria. The results revealed that AgNPs/RGO nanocomposites consisting of approximately 5 wt% AgNPs can achieve antibacterial performance similar to that of neat AgNPS. This method can be useful for the applications of AgNPs-based nanocomposites, where minute amount of silver will be utilized.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) Nanocomposites Reduced graphene oxide Antibacterial

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Laser-assisted ablation and plasma formation of titanium explored by LIBS,QCM, optical microscopy and SEM analyses along with mechanical modifications under different pressures of Ar and Ne

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第3期25卷 181-192页

作者： Maryam RIAZ Shazia BASHIR Asma HAYAT Zarish NAZ centre for Advanced studies in Physics GC University Lahore

This study deals with the investigation of Nd:YAG laser-assisted ablation and plasma formation of Ti at irradiance of 0.85 GW cm-2 under Ar and Ne environment at various pressures ranging from 10-120 ***-induced breakdown spectroscopy is used to evaluate plasma parameters,whereas quartz crystal microbalance is used for ablation yield *** crater depth is evaluated by optical *** surface features are explored by scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis and the micro-hardness is measured by a Vickers hardness *** is observed that the plasma parameters are higher in Ar than in Ne,and are strongly correlated with the ablation yield,ablation depth,surface features and hardness of laser-ablated *** parameters increase with increasing the pressure of environmental gases,attain their maxima at 40 Torr for Ar and at 60 Torr for ***,they show a decreasing trend up till a maximum pressure of 120 *** maximum value of the electron temperature(Te) is5480 K,number density(ne) is 1.46 × 1018 cm-3,ablation depth is 184 μm,ablation yield is3.9 × 1015 atoms/pulse and hardness is 300 HV in the case of Ar *** analysis reveals the growth of surface features,such as cones,ridges and pores,whose appearance is more distinct in Ar than Ne and is attributed to temperature,pressure and density gradients along with recoil pressure of the Ti plasma.

关键词： ablation plasma electron temperature electron density laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy surface structures

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Genetically engineered organisms for bioremediation of pollutants in contaminated sites

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第8期59卷 703-714页

作者： Md.Abul Kalam Azad Latifah Amin Nik Marzuki Sidik centre for general studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Agricultural Extension Khamarbari Farmgate Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Environmental pollution is a major problem which affects biodiversity,public health and ecosystems *** issue cannot currently be solved using conventional technology because these treatments are expensive,ineffective and time *** methods focus unduly on the separation,rather than the destruction of *** use of genetically engineered organisms for bioremediation would be an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective alternative for the management and remediation of pollutants in contaminated *** types of genetically engineered microbes have been developed through recombinant DNA and RNA technologies,these have been utilized for the removal of heavy metals and toxic substances from contaminated *** plants can also mobilize or degrade chlorinated solvent,xenobiotic compounds,explosives and phenolic substances.A symbiotic relationship between genetic engineered microbes and transgenic plants can enhance the effectiveness of bioremediation of contaminated *** review examines recent developments in the use of genetically engineered microbes and transgenic plants for the bioremediation of contaminated *** review will also identify the environmental factors which influence bioremediation by genetically engineered microbes and transgenic plants as well as suggesting future directions for research in these areas.

关键词：生物修复污染场地转基因生物污染物基因工程微生物转基因植物 RNA技术生物多样性

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