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Gut microbiota-astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 990-1008页

作者： Lan Zhang Jingge Wei Xilei Liu Dai Li Xiaoqi Pang Fanglian Chen Hailong Cao Ping Lei Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Department of GeriatricsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Geriatrics Institute Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Department of gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNational Key Clinical SpecialtyTianjin Institute of Digestive DiseasesTianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesTianjinChina Department of Urology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Neurological institution Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent *** is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of *** microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive *** article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative *** article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial ***,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s *** findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.

关键词： age aging Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes cognitive decline dementia gut microbiota gut–brain axis microbial metabolites neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease

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Peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia in patients aged ≥ 65 years

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2015年第30期21卷 9175-9181页

作者： Chen-Jie Li Yu-Yong Tan Xue-Hong Wang De-Liang Liu Department of gastroenterology the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

AIM:To investigate the safety and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM) for achalasia in patients aged ≥ 65 ***:From November 2011 to August 2014,15 consecutive patients(aged ≥ 65 years) diagnosed with achalasia were prospectively recruited and all underwent POEM at our institution. Eckardt score,lower esophageal sphincter(LES) pressure,esophageal diameter,SF-36 questionnaire,and procedure-related complications were used to evaluate the ***:All 15 patients were treated successfully by POEM,with a median operation time of 55 min. Median myotomy length was 10 cm. Three patients underwent circular myotomy and 12 full-thickness myotomies. Symptoms remitted in all cases during post-POEM f o l l o w- u p o f 6- 3 9 m o. E c k a r d t s c o r e r e d u c e d significantly(pre-operation vs post-operation:8.0 vs 1.0,P < 0.05). Median LES pressure decreased from 27.4 to 9.6 mm Hg(P < 0.05). Median diameter of the esophagus was significantly decreased(pre-operation vs post-operation:51.0 mm vs 30.0 mm,P < 0.05). Only one patient had reflux,which was resolved with oral proton pump inhibitors. No serious complications related to POEM were found. The quality of life of the 15 patients improved significantly after ***:POEM is a safe and effective technique for treatment of achalasia in patients aged ≥ 65 years,with improvement in symptoms and quality of life.

关键词： Achalasia Peroral endoscopic myotomy elderly Efficacy Quality of life

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Ileal conduit stomal variceal bleeding managed by endovascular embolization

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 8156-8159页

作者： Deng-Hua Yao Xue-Feng Luo Biao Zhou Xiao Li Department of gastroenterology and Hepatology Institution of Intervention Radiology West China Hospital Sichuan University

Ileal conduit stomal varices are rare,and may result in *** standard treatment modality for management of this type of hemorrhage has not been *** present the case of a 70-year-old woman with progressive ileal conduit stomal variceal bleeding which was successfully managed by endovascular embolization via the transjugular transhepatic *** conclusion,transjugular transhepatic endovascular embolization is a good choice in patients with ileal conduit stomal variceal bleeding who have failed conservative therapy.

关键词： Ectopic variceal bleeding Ileal conduit Stomal bleeding Cirrhosis Hemostasis Transjugular transhepatic embolization

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Azithromycin in a triple therapy for *** eradication in active duodenal ulcer

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2002年第5期8卷 879-882页

作者： Vladimir T.Ivashkin Tatiana L.Lapina Oksana Yu.Bondarenko Olga A. Sklanskaya Petr Va.Grigoriev Yuri V.Vasiliev Emilia P.Yakovenko Pavel V.Gulyaev Valeri I.Fedchenko V.Vasilenko Clinic of internal diseases gastroenterology and hepatology of the Moscow Sechenov Medical Academy119881 Pogodinskaya 5MoscowRussia Pathology Department of the Moscow Sechenov Medical Academy 119881Trubetskaya 8MoscowRussia Gastroenterological Center of the Health Ministry of Russia 105203N.Pervomayskaya ul.70MoscowRussia central institution of gastroenterology 111123Sh.Entusiastov 86MoscowRussia

AIM:To assess and compare the efficacy and safety of two triple regimes:A)metronidazole,amoxicillin and omeprazole, which is still widely used in Russia,and B)azithromycin, amoxicillin and omeprazole in healing active duodenal ulcer and *** eradication. METHODS:100 patients with active duodenal ulcer were included in the open,multicentre,randomized study with comparative *** were randomly assigned to one of the following one-week triple regimes:A) metronidazole 500 mg bid,amoxicillin I g bid and omeprazole 20 mg bid(OAM,n=50)and B)azithromycin 1 god for the first 3 days(total dose 3 g),amoxicillin 1 g bid and omeprazole 20 mg bid(OAA,n=50).Omeprazole 20 mg od was given after the eradication course as a monotherapy for three *** control endoscopy was performed 8 weeks after the *** was determined in the entry of the study and four weeks after the cessation of treatment by means of histology and CLO-test. RESULTS:97 patients completed the study according to the protocol(1 patient of the OAM group did not come to the control endoscopy,2 patients of the OAA group stopped the treatment because of mild allergic urticaria).Duodenal ulcers were healed in 48 patients of the OAM group(96 %, C190.5-100 %)and in 46 patients of the OAA group(92 %, CI 89.5-94.5 %)(p=ns).*** was eradicated in 15 out of 50 patients with OAM(30 %,CI 17-43 %)and in 36 out of 50 patients treated with OAA(72 %;CI 59-85 %) (P<0.001)-ITT ***: The triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole failed to eradicate ***'vc\ the majority of patients, which is an essential argument to withdraw this regimen out of the national recommendations. Macrolide with amoxicillin are preferable to achieve higher eradication rates. Azithromycin (1 g od for the first 3 days) can be considered as a successful component of the triple PPI-based regimen.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Adolescent Adult Aged Amoxicillin dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents Anti-Ulcer Agents Azithromycin Comparative Study Drug Therapy, Combination Duodenal Ulcer Female Helicobacter Infections Humans Male Metronidazole Middle Aged Omeprazole Penicillins Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Treatment Outcome

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Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: Clinical experience and literature review

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2005年第9期11卷 1403-1409页

作者： Hsueh-Lien Huang Shou-Chuan Shih Wen-Hsiung Chang Tsang-En Wang Ming-Jen Chen Yu-Jan Chan Division of gastroenterology

AIM: To evaluate the clinical presentations of solidpseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) and examine the diagnosis, treatment, low grade malignant potential of this rare ***: We retrospectively reviewed a series of seven patients with SPT managed in our hospital between July 1990 and October 2003. Six females and one male with mean age of 31 years (range 13 to 50 years) were diagnosed with SPT at our ***: Clinical presentation included a palpable abdominal mass in two patients and vague abdominal discomfort in another two. Two patients were asymptomatic;their tumors were found incidentally on abdominal sonographic examination for other reasons. The final patient was admitted with hemoperitoneum secondary to tumor rupture. The mean diameter of the tumors in the seven patients was 10.5 cm (range 5 to 20 cm). The lesions were located in the body and tail in five cases and in the head of the pancreas in two. Surgical procedures included distal pancreatectomy (3), distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (2), pancreaticoduodenectomy (1) and a pylorus-preserving Whipple procedure (1). There were gross adhesions or histological evidence of infiltration to the adjacent pancreas and/or splenic capsule in four cases. None of the patients received adjuvant *** mean follow up was 7 years (range 0.5 to 14 years).One patient developed multiple liver metastases after 14 years of follow ***: SPT is a rare tumor that behaves less aggressively than other pancreatic tumor. However, in cases with local invasion, long-term follow up is advisable.

关键词： Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas Distal pancreatectomy Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Value of endoscopic methylene blue and Lugol's iodine double staining and detection of GST-n and telomerase in the early diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2005年第39期11卷 6090-6095页

作者： Xuan Zhu Shuang-Hong Zhang Kun-He Zhang Bi-Ming Li Jiang Chen Department of gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi Province China Department of Digestive institution the First Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang 330006 Jiangxi Province China

AIM：To explore the expressions of GST-π and telomerase activity in esophageal carcinoma and premalignant lesions and to investigate the value of endoscopic methylene blue （MB） and Lugol＇s iodine double staining. METHODS： Seventy-two patients with esophagopathy were sprayed endoscopically with MB and Lugol＇s iodine in proper order and the areas stained blue and brown, and the area between the blue and brown stains were obtained. Depending on the pattern of mucosal staining, biopsy specimen was obtained. GST-π and telomerase activity in specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry and PCR-based silver staining telomeric repeat amplification protocol, respectively. RESULTS： After MB and Lugol＇s iodine staining, the area between both the colors was obtained in 64 of the 72 patients and the areas were stained blue and brown in all of the 72 patients. Association test of two simultaneous ordinal categorical data showed a correlation between the esophageal mucosal staining and the esophageal histology （P〈0.005）. The expression of GST-π and telomerase activity in esophageal carcinoma and premalignant lesions increased. The expression of GST-π and telomerase activity in dysplasia and carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal epithelium （P〈0.005）. The expression in hyperplasia was slightly higher than that in normal epithelium. With the lesions progressing from low- to moderate- to high-grade dysplasia, the positive rate increased （P〈0.025）. Expression of GST-π was correlated with that of telomerase activity in dysplasia and carcinoma （φ= 0.4831, P〈0.005;φ= 0.3031, P〈0.025, respectively）; but there was no correlation between them in normal epithelium and hyperplasia. CONCLUSION： The expression of GST-π and telomerase may be an early event in the carcinogenesis of esophagus. They may play an induced and synergistic role with each other in the carcinogenesis of esophagus. Endoscopic MB and Lugol＇s iodine double staining and detection of GST-π and telomerase acti

关键词： Esophageal carcinoma Endoscopy Glutathione S-transferases Telomerase

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Achalasia and thyroid disease

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2007年第4期13卷 594-599页

作者： Mohammad Hassan Emami Mostafa Raisi Jaleh Amini Hamed Daghaghzadeh Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Poursina Hakim Research institution Isfahan Iran Poursina Hakim Research institution Isfahan Iran

AIM: To investigate some possible etiologies of achalasia by screening patients with achalasia for some autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disease. METHODS: We examined 30 known cases of achalasia (20 females, 10 males). Their age ranged 15-70 years. All of them were referred to our institute for treatment. Their sera were evaluated to detect some possible associations with rheumatoid disease, thyroid disease, inflammatory process, anemia, etc. RESULTS: Seven out of 30 patients (23%) had thyroid disease including four patients with hypothyroidism (13.3%), two patients with hyperthyroidism (6.6%), and one had only thyroid nodule but was in euthyroid state (3.3%). Two of these hypothyroid patients had no related clinical symptoms (subclinical) and two had clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. There were no correlations between the intensity of thyroid diseases and the severity of achalasia symptoms. CONCLUSION: The etiology of achalasia is unknown although autoimmunity has been implicated and is supported by several studies. Thyroid disease presents concomitantly with achalasia in about one fourth of our patients who may have a common etiology.

关键词： Achalasia Thyroid disease Hypothyroidism Esophageal motility Etiology

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Surgical care quality and oncologic outcome after D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2015年第47期21卷 13294-13301页

作者： Johanna Mrena Anne Mattila Jan B?hm Ismo Jantunen Ilmo Kellokumpu Department of Surgery Central Hospital of Central Finland Department of Pathology Central Hospital of Central Finland Department of Oncology Central Hospital of Central Finland

AIM: To examine the quality of surgical care and longterm oncologic outcome after D2 gastrectomy for gastric ***: From 1999 to 2008, a total of 109 consecutive patients underwent D2 gastrectomy without routine pancreaticosplenectomy in a multimodal setting at our institution. Oncologic outcomes together with clinical and histopathologic data were analyzed in relation to the type of surgery performed. Staging was carried out according to the Union for International Cancer Control criteria of 2002. Patients were followedup for five years at the outpatient clinic. The primary measure of outcome was long-term survival with the quality of surgery as a secondary outcome measure. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from the patient records, and causes of death were obtained from national ***: A total of 109 patients(58 men) with a mean age of 67.4 ± 11.2 years underwent total gastrectomy or gastric resection with D2 lymph node dissection. The tumor stage distribution was as follows: stageⅠ,(27/109) 24.8%; stage Ⅱ,(31/109) 28.4%; stage Ⅲ,(41/109) 37.6%; and stage Ⅳ,(10/109) 9.2%. Forty patients(36.7%) received chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The five-year overall survival rate for all 109 patients was 45.0%, and was 47.1% for the 104 patients treated with curative R0 resection. The five-year disease-specific survival rates were 53.0% and 55.8%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, body mass index and tumor stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival(both P < 0.01), whereas body mass index, tumor stage, tumor site, Lauren classification, and lymph node invasion were prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival(all P < 0.05). Postoperative 30-d mortality was 1.8% and 30-d, surgical(including three anastomotic leaks, two of which were treated conservatively), and general morbidities were 26.6%, 12.8%, and 14.7%, ***: D2 dissection is a safe surgical option for gastric cancer, providing quality

关键词： Gastric cancer Quality of care Survival Gastric surgery Clinical practice

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Pretreatment and analysis techniques development of TKIs in biological samples for pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第4期14卷 439-459页

作者： Lan Chen Yuan Zhang Yi-Xin Zhang Wei-Lai Wang De-Mei Sun Peng-Yun Li Xue-Song Feng Yue Tan School of Pharmacy China Medical UniversityShenyang110122China Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology institution National Engineering Research Center for Strategic DrugsBeijing100850China Department of gastroenterology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang110022China

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)have emerged as the first-line small molecule drugs in many cancer therapies,exerting their effects by impeding aberrant cell growth and proliferation through the modulation of tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling ***,there exists a substantial inter-individual variability in the concentrations of certain TKIs and their metabolites,which may render patients with compromised immune function susceptible to diverse infections despite receiving theoretically efficacious anticancer treatments,alongside other potential side effects or adverse ***,an urgent need exists for an up-to-date review concerning the biological matrices relevant to bioanalysis and the sampling methods,clinical pharmacokinetics,and therapeutic drug monitoring of different *** paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in pretreatment methods,such as protein precipitation(PPT),liquid-liquid extraction(LLE),solid-phase extraction(SPE),micro-SPE(μ-SPE),magnetic SPE(MSPE),and vortex-assisted dispersive SPE(VA-DSPE)achieved since *** also highlights the latest analysis techniques such as newly developed high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)methods,capillary electrophoresis(CE),gas chromatography(GC),supercritical fluid chromatography(SFC)procedures,surface plasmon resonance(SPR)assays as well as novel nanoprobes-based biosensing *** addition,a comparison is made between the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches while presenting critical challenges and prospects in pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring.

关键词： TKIs Microextraction technique HRMS methods Pharmacokinetic studies Therapeutic drug monitoring

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Effect and safety of anaprazole in the treatment of duodenal ulcers:a randomized,rabeprazole-controlled,phase Ⅲ non-inferiority study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第24期135卷 2941-2949页

作者： Huiyun Zhu Xue Pan Li Zhang Hongxin Sun Huizhen Fan Zhongwei Pan Caibin Huang Zhenwang Shi Jin Ding Qi Wang Yiqi Du Nonghua Lyu Zhaoshen Li Department of gastroenterology Changhai Hospital of Navy Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Drug Clinical Trial institution Changhai Hospital of Navy Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of gastroenterology Yichun People’s HospitalYichunJiangxi 336028China Department of gastroenterology Meihekou Central HospitalMeihekouJilin 135099China Department of gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical CollegeGanzhouJiangxi 341001China Department of gastroenterology Hefei Second People’s HospitalHefeiAnhui 230011China Department of gastroenterology Jinhua Central HospitalJinhuaZhejiang 321099China Department of gastroenterology Anqing Municipal HospitalAnqingAnhui 246004China Department of gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi 330006China

Background:The pharmacokinetic and clinical behaviors of many proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)in peptic ulcer treatment are altered by CYP2C19 genetic *** non-inferiority study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the novel PPI anaprazole compared with *** also explored the influence of Helicobacter pylori(***)infection status and CYP2C19 polymorphism on ***:In this multicenter,randomized,double-blind,double-dummy,positive-drug parallel-controlled,phase Ⅲ study,Chinese patients with duodenal ulcers were randomized 1:1 to receive rabeprazole 10 mg+anaprazole placebo or rabeprazole placebo+anaprazole 20 mg once daily for 4 *** primary efficacy endpoint was the 4-week ulcer healing rate assessed by blinded independent *** endpoints were the proportion of patients with improved overall and individual duodenal ulcer symptoms at 4 ***,exploratory subgroup analysis of the primary endpoint by *** status and CYP2C19 polymorphism was *** events were monitored for ***-inferiority analysis was conducted for the primary ***:The study enrolled 448 patients(anaprazole,n=225;rabeprazole,n=223).The 4-week healing rates were 90.9%and 93.7%for anaprazole and rabeprazole,respectively(difference,-2.8%[95%confidence interval,-7.7%,2.2%]),demonstrating non-inferiority of anaprazole to *** duodenal ulcer symptoms improved in 90.9%and 92.5%of patients,*** rates of individual symptoms were similar between the *** rates did not significantly differ by *** status or CYP2C19 genotype for either treatment *** incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar for anaprazole(72/220,32.7%)and rabeprazole(84/219,38.4%).Conclusions:The efficacy of anaprazole is non-inferior to that of rabeprazole in Chinese patients with duodenal ***:***,NCT04215653.

关键词： Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Non-inferiority trial Peptic ulcer Polymorphism Genetic Proton pump inhibitors Anaprazole Rabeprazole

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