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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 790-794页

作者： Steve L. MORTON Andrew SHULER Jeff PATERNOSTER Sharon FANOLUA Don VARGO NOAA/National Ocean Service Marine Biotoxins Program Charleston SC 29412 USA american samoa community college Community and Natural Resources Pago Pago American Samoa 96799 USA

The bloom forming dinoflagellate, Ceratium furca, has been linked with coastal eutrophication worldwide in tropical and subtropical locations. During the summer of 2007, an unusual 6-month long bloom of C. furca was observed in Pago Pago Harbor, Tutuila Island, american samoa. Incidents of dinoflagellate blooms in this area have not been previously reported. The bloom was first reported in May and dissipated in November 2007. In February-March 2009, a similar C. furca bloom was observed. During both blooms, no fish mortality events were reported. Maximum cell counts were observed on September 20, 2007 at 9 200 cell/mL. At this time, total nitrogen was measured at 1.2 mg/L while total phosphate was below detection limits. Changes in land use practices may have been the primary driver of these blooms. Intense fertilization of athletic fields coupled with ineffective management strategies is hypothesized to have a direct link to the increase in nutrients found in the Pago Pago Harbor and may have been the trigger for the initialization of these blooms. During 2008, the fields were not used due to an infestation of the fire ant, Solenopsis geminata. Once controlled, the fields were opened again in 2009 and fertilizers were applied in January, a month before the bloom was observed.

关键词：水体富营养化甲藻土地用途沿海亚热带地区死亡事件细胞计数总氮测定

Genotypic Divergence, Photosynthetic Efficiency, Sodium Extrusion, and Osmoprotectant Regulation Conferred Salt Tolerance in Sorghum

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第8期92卷 2349-2368页

作者： Ashaduzzaman Sagar Md.Sabibul Haque Md.Alamgir Hossain Md.Nesar Uddin Jannat E.Tajkia Md.Ashik Mia Toufika Hossain Shabi Md.Solaiman Ali Fakir Md.Abdul Kader Walid Soufan Md.Atikur Rahman Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Mohammad Sohidul Islam Ayman El Sabagh A.K.M.Zakir Hossain Department of Crop Botany Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Planning and Development Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear AgricultureMymensingh2202Bangladesh Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Agriculture and Food Technology Discipline School of AgricultureGeographyEnvironmentOcean and Natural SciencesUniversity of the South PacificSamoa Agriculture Discipline College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityPerthWA 6150Australia Plant Production Department College of Food and AgricultureKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Grassland and Forage Division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonan31000Korea Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Poonch RawalakotRawalakot12350Pakistan Department of Agronomy Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt

Salt stress is one of the major limitations to modern agriculture that negatively inﬂuences plant growth and *** tolerant cultivar can provide excellent solution to enhance stress tolerance with plantﬁtness to unfavorable ***,this study was aimed to screen salt tolerant sorghum genotypes through evaluating of different morphological,biochemical,and physiological attributes in response to salinity *** this study,we have been evaluated total six sorghum genotypes including Hybrid sorgo,Debgiri,BD-703,BD-706,BD-707,and BD-725 under salt stress(12 dS m^(-1) NaCl).The response variables included length and weight of root and shoot,root:shoot ratio(RSR),photosynthesis(A),transpiration rate(E),elemental concen-trations(K^(+),Na^(+) and K^(+)/Na^(+)),photochemical efﬁciency of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m)),water use efﬁciency(WUE)and pigment content(chlorophyll a,and b).The results revealed that saline environment signiﬁcantly reduced all response variables under study of sorghum genotypes,however,Hybrid sorgo remained unmatched by recording the maximum root and shoot *** same genotype recorded higher photosynthetic efﬁciency which was attributed to Na^(+) extrusion,K^(+) uptake and higher K^(+)/Na^(+) ratio(1.8 at stress),while these mechanisms were not fully active in rest of ***,this study also implies the involvement of proline in imparting tolerance against saline environment in Hybrid sorgo ***,BD-703 remained the most salt sensitive genotype as evident from the minimum morphological growth traits and the least biosynthesis of ***ﬁndings open new research avenues for salt stress alleviation by identifying elite salt-to-lerant genotypes of sorghum for breeding programs.

关键词： Salinity tolerance sorghum photosynthesis proline ion accumulation genotypic variance

Running Head： Foram Assemblages from Three Substrata Comparison of Foraminiferal Assemblages from Three Kinds of Substrata, Durney Key, West-Central Florida, USA

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第9期5卷 1239-1244页

作者： K. Anderson P. Hallock Department of Science American Samoa Community College Pago Pago 96799 USA college of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg 3370 USA

As part of a project that assessed a proposed artificial reef site, this study compared benthic foraminiferal assemblages from three substrata: sediment, natural lime rock and recruitment tiles. The assemblage from sediment samples included 21 foraminiferal species representing 12 genera and was dominated by stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia and Elphidium. Natural lime rock and recruitment tiles yielded 21 foraminiferal species representing 11 genera, which were dominated by miliolids. Intersample variability was characterized by "pulsating patches" as has been previously described for Florida estuaries. The predominance of stress-tolerant taxa in sediments was consistent with other observations from the site, which indicated that proposed artificial reef structures were not likely to recruit significant coral-reef biota.

关键词：美国佛罗里达州底栖有孔虫中西部运行人工鱼礁人工渔礁石灰岩沉积物

The establishment of pancreatic islet isolation in India-an update on human pancreatic islet transplantation

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Life Research 2022年第4期5卷 12-18页

作者： Nithyakalyani Mohan Srividhya Raghavan Anusha Sunder Anil Vaidya Nivash Chandrasekaran Senthil Muthuraman Dinesh Babu Karthik Mathivanan Elan Krishnan Balamurugan Appakalai Transplant and Research Apollo HospitalsChennaiIndia Molecular Biology Research Siruseri Biotech Park for WomenIndia Apollo Hospital and Research Foundation India Transplant and General Surgery American Samoa Department of Anesthesiology Velammal Medical College Hospital&Research lnstituteIndia Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation Velammal Medical College Hospital&Research lnstituteIndia Transplant science and ICU MGM Health CareIndia Institute of liver and multiorgan transplant MGM Health CareIndia Liver Transplant Kauvery HospitalsIndia Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory Cardiovascular Innovation InstituteAmerican Samoa

Background:Diabetes is a widespread disease with increasing *** of islets of Langerhans is a viable treatment for a selected group of patients with repeated hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 *** countries where islet transplantation has not been explored suffer from insufficient knowledge concerning key elements of the isolation *** and organ procurement parameters impact human islet yield,although for research purposes,islet yield may be secondary in importance to islet *** paper will analyze the feasibility of research-only human islet isolation and signify parameters underlying a successful yield in the Indian *** eventually can make islet transplantation a clinical reality in ***:After receiving the consent for procuring brain-dead pancreas from the first-degree of relatives,samples were collected and transported in a transportation buffer at 4℃.The procedure consists of a mechanically enhanced enzymatic digestion of the pancreas,after which it was taken for purification using Ficoll method,followed by islet quality ***:Through 15 isolations done over a span of approximately 2 years during the COVID pandemic in India,we confirm that ischemic time and glycated hemoglobin,each have a negative impact on isolation purity and ***,extending cold ischemic tim beyond the typical clinical isolation cutoff of 12 hours(to≥18 h)had a huge impact on islet function and *** had a negative correlation with islet yield;however other biological parameters(specifically body mass index)and isolation variables appear to make a significant contribution to the heterogeneity of human islet *** current work demonstrates the feasibility of extending acceptable cold ischemic time for research-focused human islet isolation and highlights the biological variation in isolation of human islets from donors with and without ***:India requires establishment of an islet transpl

关键词： human islets islet cell transplantation type 1 diabetes mellitus chronic pancreatitis cold ischemia time glycated hemoglobin allo and auto-transplantation

TROPICAL CYCLONE AMOS (2016) FORECASTING CHALLENGES: A MODEL'S PERSPECTIVE

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2018年第3期7卷 172-178页

作者： TRACEY DORIAN BILL WARD YI-LENG CHEN I.M.Systems Group at NOAA/NCEP/EMC College Park NWS Pacific Region Headquarters University of Hawai'i at Mānoa

The tropical cyclone(TC)named Amos(2016)that impacted the samoan Islands on 23 April 2016 was a particularly dif f icult storm to *** the intensity changes and the track of Amos represent a signif icant challenge for forecasters and this is briefl y summarized in this *** forecasts initially indicated that the cyclone would track south of the samoan ***,the forecasts generally changed to a direct hit over samoa as a Category 4 storm at approximately 0000 U TC 24April based on model cycles initialized at 0000 UTC 23 *** Amos’central pressure dropped from 983 hPa to 957 hPa between 0000 UTC 21 April and 0000 UTC *** models did not pick up on this rapid intensif ication until the intensif ication had already begun around0000 UTC 21 *** models also struggled to capture the rapid weakening of TC Amos due to vertical wind shear that began 0000 UTC 24 April as the cyclone continued to move north of the *** of the initially ominous track forecasts for TC Amos to hit land,preparations for a Category 3 or Category 4 cyclone were underway in the samoan islands and the population prepared for the *** the center of the storm moved north of the islands as a weaker storm than anticipated,the residents of the samoan Islands were both surprised and relieved that the cyclone only gave a"glancing blow"to the islands and that the impacts were not as bad as originally *** in-depth evaluation of this particular tropical cyclone helps to shed some light on model def iciencies and can be used to help determine future model changes.

关键词： evaluation of TC forecasts TC Amos samoan Islands

Role of hepatitis A virus in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第11期12卷 1928-1941页

作者： James Lin Horng-Yih Ou Rudruidee Karnchanasorn Raynald samoa Lee-Ming Chuang Ken C Chiu Department of Gastroenterology City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng-Kung University Medical College and HospitalTainan 700Taiwan Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and GeneticsDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Clinical Diabetes Endocrinologyand MetabolismDiabetes and Metabolism Research InstituteCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States of America Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei 102Taiwan Graduate Institute of Preventive Medicine School of Public HealthTaipei 102Taiwan

BACKGROUND Although much information is available regarding hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes,less is known about the relationship between hepatitis A virus(HAV)infection and *** To examine the roles of HAV in diabetes *** This cross-sectional study population included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between *** subjects(≥20 years old)with available body mass index measurements,defined diabetes status,history of HAV vaccination,and HAV serology were *** vaccination was based on self-reported *** HAV immunization was defined as the presence of both vaccination and anti-HAV *** infection was defined by the absence of vaccination but presence of anti-hepatitis A *** odds ratio(OR)for diabetes with 95%confidence intervals(95%CI)was calculated for each HAV status and then adjusted for *** tests,based on different definitions of diabetes,were performed to verify the *** Among 19942 subjects,4229 subjects(21.21%)received HAV vaccination and HAV antibody was present in 9224 subjects(46.25%).Although HAV infection was associated with an increased risk of diabetes(OR:1.13;95%CI:1.08-1.18),HAV vaccination was not associated with diabetes(OR:1.06;95%CI:0.95-1.18),and successful HAV immunization had no impact on the risk of diabetes(OR:1.11;95%CI:0.97-1.27).Thus,HAV infection was an unlikely cause of ***,in non-vaccinated subjects,diabetes increased the risk of HAV infection by 40%(OR:1.40,95%CI:1.27-1.54).CONCLUSION An association between HAV infection and diabetes is observed which is best explained by an increased risk of HAV infection in diabetic *** subjects are more susceptible to ***,HAV vaccination is highly recommended in diabetic patients.

关键词： Vaccination Immunization Viral hepatitis Liver Glucose metabolism Diabetes mellitus

Association of insulin resistance with serum ferritin and aminotransferases-iron hypothesis

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2015年第4期5卷 232-243页

作者： Jean Huang Rudruidee Karnchanasorn Horng-Yih Ou Wei Feng Lee-Ming Chuang Ken C Chiu Raynald samoa Department of Clinical Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism City of Hope National Medical Center Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Graduate Institute of Preventive Medicine School of Public Health National Taiwan University

AIM: To investigate the relationship of iron indices with diabetes mellitus(DM) in those without ***: This cross-sectional study examined data collected during the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES III). Only those who fasted properly and were not anemic with transferrin saturation < 45% were included(n = 6849). Insulin sensitivity and beta cell function were calculated from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Indices of iron metabolism were examined in the presence or absence of DM. We examined the relationship of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function with serum ferritin concentration. The influence of C-reactive protein and liver enzymes was also ***: Serum ferritin concentration was significantly higher in diabetic subjects(P = 0.0001 to< 0.000001). The difference remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and mineral/iron supplement(P = 0.03 to< 0.000001). In those who did not take insulin, serum ferritin concentration was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity(P = 0.05 to 0.00001), but not with beta cell function. The alanine aminotransferase was correlated with serum ferritin concentration(P = 0.02 to< 0.000001) but not with insulin sensitivity, suggesting the role of the liver in iron-associated insulin ***: As most of diabetes is type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance is a cardinal feature of type 2diabetes, disordered iron metabolism could play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2diabetes through its effect on liver function.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Insulin sensitivity Beta cell function Ferritin Liver