Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007-2009

作     者：Steve L. MORTON Andrew SHULER Jeff PATERNOSTER Sharon FANOLUA Don VARGO 

作者机构：NOAA/National Ocean Service Marine Biotoxins Program Charleston SC 29412 USA American Samoa Community College Community and Natural Resources Pago Pago American Samoa 96799 USA 

出 版 物：《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 (中国海洋湖沼学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2011年第29卷第4期

页      面：790-794页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：Supported partially by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Grant (No. CRIS 0185945),USDA Region 9 Water Quality Coordination Grant (to DV) NOAA Base Funds (SM) 

主　　题：eutrophication American Samoa Ceratium furca 

摘      要：The bloom forming dinoflagellate, Ceratium furca, has been linked with coastal eutrophication worldwide in tropical and subtropical locations. During the summer of 2007, an unusual 6-month long bloom of C. furca was observed in Pago Pago Harbor, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Incidents of dinoflagellate blooms in this area have not been previously reported. The bloom was first reported in May and dissipated in November 2007. In February-March 2009, a similar C. furca bloom was observed. During both blooms, no fish mortality events were reported. Maximum cell counts were observed on September 20, 2007 at 9 200 cell/mL. At this time, total nitrogen was measured at 1.2 mg/L while total phosphate was below detection limits. Changes in land use practices may have been the primary driver of these blooms. Intense fertilization of athletic fields coupled with ineffective management strategies is hypothesized to have a direct link to the increase in nutrients found in the Pago Pago Harbor and may have been the trigger for the initialization of these blooms. During 2008, the fields were not used due to an infestation of the fire ant, Solenopsis geminata. Once controlled, the fields were opened again in 2009 and fertilizers were applied in January, a month before the bloom was observed.