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Traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt homeostasis of bovine mammary cells by altering cell permeability and innate immune function

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 388-397页

作者： Ran Xu Umesh K.Shandilya Alexandros Yiannikouris Niel A.Karrow Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada alltech Inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal NutritionNicholasvilleKY 40356USA

High incidence of traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in cereal grains and silages can be a potential threat to feed safety and *** biodegradation of Fusarium mycotoxins by rumen microflora following ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to their circulatory transport to target tissues such as mammary *** bovine udder plays a pivotal role in maintaining milk yield and composition,thus,human ***,toxic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on bovine mammary gland are rarely *** this study,the bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used as an in-vitro model of bovine mammary epithelium to investigate effects of deoxynivalenol(DON),enniatin B(ENB)and beauvericin(BEA)on bovine mammary gland *** indicated that exposure to DON,ENB and BEA for 48 h significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.001).Exposure to DON at 0.39μmol/L and BEA at 2.5μmol/L for 48 h also decreased paracellular flux of FITC-40 kDa dextran(P<0.05),whereas none of the mycotoxins affected transepithelial electrical resistance after 48 h *** qPCR was performed for assessment of expression of gene coding tight junction(TJ)proteins,toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and cytokines after 4,24 and 48 h of ***,ENB and BEA significantly upregulated the TJ protein zonula occludens-1,whereas markedly downregulated claudin 3(P<0.05).Exposure to DON at 1.35μmol/L for 4 h significantly increased expression of occludin(P<0.01).DON,ENB and BEA significant downregulated TLR4(P<0.05).In contrast,ENB markedly increased expression of cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)(P<0.001),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-a)(P<0.05)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)(P<0.01).BEA significantly upregulated IL-6(P<0.001)and TGF-β(P=0.01),but downregulated TNF-α(P<0.001).These results suggest that DON,ENB and BEA can disrupt mammary gland homeostasis by inducing cell death as well as altering its paracellular permeability and expres

关键词： Fusarium mycotoxin Invitro cell culture Bovine mammary epithelial cells Epithelial paracellular permeability Innate immunity

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Matrix Extension with Fitness for Purpose and Stability Assessment of DHA and Additional Fatty Acids in Individual Whole Chicken Eggs

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第5期10卷 517-532页

作者： Gerald Patrick Dillon Alexandros Yiannikouris Walter Brandl Cathy Cardinall Wendy Yuan Colm Anthony Moran Regulatory Affairs Department Alltech Ireland Dunboyne Ireland Research Department Alltech Inc. Nicholasville USA Analytical Chemistry Department Mérieux NutriSciences Burnaby Canada Regulatory Affairs Department Alltech SARL Vire France

The consumption of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is associated with several human health benefits. Most notable of these LC-PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6) whose inclusion is considered essential for optimum human health. Biofortification of common foods such as eggs with DHA has emerged as a specific approach to increase the intake of DHA in human populations. This can be achieved by supplementing poultry rations with feeds like microalgae or fish oil that are rich in DHA, which results in an increased uptake in the egg. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) is the method of choice when analyzing food such as eggs for DHA and other fatty acids. For regulatory studies it is desirable to demonstrate that the method is specifically suitable for the analysis of DHA and fatty acids in eggs. The purpose of this paper is to further extend the scope of the AOAC 996.06 methodology examined in the paper by Dillon et al., and to demonstrate the fitness for purpose of the method by examining specific validation parameters. It is a further objective to investigate the stability of DHA and other fatty acids of short and long timepoints. A validation of the method for the determination of DHA and three other fatty acids in eggs is thus presented.

关键词： DHA GC-FID Fatty Acids Analytical Method Fitness for Purpose Aurantiochytrium limacinum

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Analytical Method Assessment for the Determination of DHA and Fatty Acids Present in Unextracted <i>Aurantiochytrium limacinum</i>Biomass

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 469-483页

作者： Gerald Patrick Dillon Alexandros Yiannikouris Walter Brandl Cathy Cardinall Wendy Yuan Colm Anthony Moran Regulatory Affairs Department Alltech Ireland Dunboyne Ireland Research Department Alltech Inc. Nicholasville USA Analytical Chemistry Department Mérieux Nutri Sciences Burnaby Canada Regulatory Affairs Department Alltech SARL Vire France

Research into long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6 n-3), has shown that their inclusion in the human diet is linked with many health benefits. This has led to an increased interest in the enrichment of certain foodstuffs with DHA by supplementing animal fed with DHA-rich ingredients which can lead to an increased uptake in the meat, milk and eggs animal by-products. The microalgae Aurantiochytrium limacinum has been found to be especially useful in this pursuit. It is subsequently desirable to availably have a simple and robust method for the routine analysis of DHA and other fatty acids in the algal biomass. The AOAC method 996.06 is often followed for the analysis of fatty acids in foods and demonstrating that its fitness for purpose in the analysis of DHA and additional fatty acids in Aurantiochytrium limacinum is therefore the objective of this paper. A validation of the method for the determination of DHA and three other fatty acids in Aurantiochytrium limacinum is presented. The method was found to be linear over the following ranges for each fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analyte;50 to 15,000 μg/ml (C14:0), 300 to 95,000 (C16:0), 25 to 15,000 (C18:0) and 300 to 59,375 (C22:6). The accuracy, precision and LOD and LOQ of the method were confirmed and its robustness tested. The application of the method to assess the stability of Aurantiochytrium limacinum containing two alternative antioxidants was further examined. The investigation showed that DHA was stable over six months with the inclusion of either Duralox? or ethoxyquin as an antioxidant and ethoxyquin could additionally stabilize DHA in Aurantiochytrium limacinum up to 24 months.

关键词： DHA GC-FID Fatty Acids Analytical Method Fitness for Purpose Aurantiochytrium limacinum

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家禽霉菌毒素中毒征：我们应关注什么？

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中国饲料添加剂 2009年第5期 27-29页

作者： H. V. L. N. Swamy alltech canada

引言霉菌毒素为霉菌的次级代谢产物，这些次级代谢产物对家畜、家禽和人类都具有不同程度的毒性。1960年发生在英国的成千上万只火鸡死亡事件就是由于黄曲霉毒素中毒而引起的。此次事件引起了人们对霉菌毒素广泛的科学研究。

关键词：霉菌毒素中毒家禽次级代谢产物黄曲霉毒素中毒死亡事件科学研究家畜火鸡

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Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1591-1609页

作者： Ran Xu Elijah G.Kiarie Alexandros Yiannikouris Lvhui Sun Niel A.Karrow Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada alltech Inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition3031 Catnip HillRoadNicholasvilleKY 40356USA Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities *** exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products,and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and animal ***,mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food *** prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination,mitigation strategies are *** review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins,deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.

关键词： Food animals Mitigation strategies Mycotoxins Nutritional impact Risk management Susceptibility differences

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不同时间间隔饲喂新普乐对商品肉鸡生长性能的影响

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中国饲料添加剂 2009年第10期 24-25页

作者： SHIVAKUMAR M.C. H.V.L.N. SWAMY H. N. NARASIMHAMURTHY KVAFSU Bangalore India alltech canada Guelph Canada

1前言肉仔鸡第一周的体重与其末重具有很强的关联性。为确保这种正相关性，肉仔鸡良好的早期营养十分关键。可通过在肉仔鸡日粮中添加功能性原料，以提高肠道健康、免疫性能和饲料效率来达到这一目的。

关键词：生长性能商品肉鸡时间间隔饲喂功能性原料肉仔鸡正相关性肠道健康

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