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Effects of creep feeding and supplemental glutamine or glutamine plus glutamate (Aminogut) on pre- and post-weaning growth performance and intestinal health of piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 211-222页

作者： Rafael A Cabrera James L Usry Consuelo Arrellano Eduardo T Nogueira Marianne Kutschenko Adam J Moeser Jack Odle Laboratory of Developmental nutrition Department of Animal ScienceNorth Carolina State University 101 Polk Hall North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27695 USA Huvepharma USA 525 West Park Drive Suite 230 Peachtree City GA 30269 USA ajinomoto Heartland Lysine Department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27695-8203 USA ajinomoto do brasil. ajinomoto animal nutrition Sāo Paulo SP 04015-001 Brazil Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27695 USA Laboratory of Developmental nutrition Department of Animal ScienceNorth Carolina State University 101 Polk Hall North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27695 USA

Background： Creep feeding is used to stimulate piglet post-weaning feed consumption.L-Glutamine（GLN） is an important source of fuel for intestinal epithelial *** objective of this study was to determine the impact of creep feeding and adding GLN or AminoGut（AG;containing glutamine ＋ glutamate） to pre-and post-weaning diets on pig performance and intestinal ***（N = 120） were allotted to four treatments during 14–21 d of lactation： 1） No creep feed（NC,n = 45）;2） creep fed control diet（CFCD,n = 45）;3） creep fed 1% GLN（CFGLN,n = 15）;4） creep fed.88% AG（CFAG,n = 15）.After weaning,the NC and CFCD groups were sub-divided into three groups（n = 15 each）,receiving either a control nursery diet（NC-CD,CFCD-CD） or a diet supplemented with either GLN（NC-GLN,CFCD-GLN） or with AG（NC-AG,CFCD-AG）.Litters that were creep fed with diets containing GLN or AG also were supplemented with those amino acids in the nursery diets（CFGLN-GLN,CFAG-AG）.Glutamine was added at 1% in all three post-weaning diet phases and AG was added at.88% in phase 1 and 2 and at.66% in phase ***： Feed conversion（feed/gain） showed means among treatment means close to significance（P = 0.056） and Tukey＇s test for pairwise mean comparisons showed that Pigs in the CFGLN-GLN group had the best feed conversion（feed/gain） in the first three-week period post-weaning,exceeding（P = 0.044） controls（CFCD-CD） by 34%.The NC-AG group had（P = 0.02） the greatest feed intake in the last three week of the study,exceeding controls（CFCD-CD） by 12%.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and sow reared（SR） pigs had the greatest（P = 0.049） villi height exceeding the CFCD-AG group by 18%,20% and 19% *** CFAG-AG group had the deepest（P = 0.001） crypts among all ***-GLN,CFCD-GLN and SR groups had the greatest（P = 0.001） number of cells proliferating（PCNA） exceeding those in the NC-CD group by 43%,54% and 63% *** reared pigs showed the greatest（P = 0.001） intestinal absorption capacity for xylose and

关键词： Creep feeding Glutamine Growth performance Intestinal health SEM Villi

The toxicological effect of dietary excess of saccharicterpenin,the extract of camellia seed meal,in piglets

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 211-224页

作者： WANG Man YU Bing HE Jun YU Jie LUO Yu-heng LUO Jun-qiu MAO Xiang-bin CHEN Dai-wen Key Laboratory of animal Disease-Resistance nutrition Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural University

Recently, saccharicterpenin extracted from Camellia oleifera seed meal has become a widely used feed supplement in animal husbandry. In order to assess its safety, this study was designed to investigate the toxicity and histopathological effects of saccharicterpenin on piglets. One hundred-fifty weaned pigs((Yorkshire×Landrace)×Duroc), 75 males and 75 females with body weight(BW) of(7.35±0.29) kg, were randomly allotted to groups receiving diets supplemented with 0, 500, 1 000, 2 500 or 5 000 mg kg^–1 saccharicterpenin for 70 d. The diet with 500 mg kg^–1 saccharicterpenin supplementation improved liver glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity, and the diet with 1 000 mg kg^–1 saccharicterpenin supplementation improved liver glutathione S-transferase(GSH-S) activity in piglets on d 70(P<0.05). At 2 500 mg kg^–1, saccharicterpenin in the diets reduced average daily feed intake(ADFI) and average daily gain(ADG) of piglets from d 1 to 35, damaged the cardiac tissue and liver on d 35, and decreased white blood cell counts(WBC), activities of catalase(CAT) and GSH-Px, and concentrations of glucose(GLU) and urea nitrogen(BUN) in the blood of piglets on d 70(P<0.05). In addition, diets with 5 000 mg kg^–1 saccharicterpenin supplementation reduced ADFI, ADG and increased diarrhea rates of piglets from d 36 to 70, and decreased hemoglobin(HGB) concentration and activity of CAT in the blood of piglets on d 70(P<0.05). Moreover, at a rate of 5 000 mg kg^–1, saccharicterpenin supplementation increased pancreas index on d 35 and hepatic index on d 70, and damaged cardiac tissue, liver and spleen during the whole experimental period(P<0.05). These results suggested that dietary 500 mg kg^–1 saccharicterpenin supplementation had beneficial effects on piglets, but excessive supplementation(2 500 or 5 000 mg kg^–1) of saccharicterpenin in the diets could lead to growth retardation, hematological abnormalities and organ injuries.

关键词： growth retardation hematology organ injury piglets saccharicterpenin

The effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress of liver induced by diquat in weaned piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 104-110页

作者： Xiangbing Mao Mei Lv Bing Yu Jun He Ping Zheng Jie Yu Quyuan Wang Daiwen Chen animal nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of animal Disease-Resistance nutrition Ministry of Education

Oxidative stress can induce abnormal tryptophan metabolism. The present study was mainly conducted to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress in the liver of weaned pigs challenged by diquat. A total of 36 PIC piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 diets containing dietary tryptophan levels of 0.18, 0.30, and 0A5% for 14 d. On day 8, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with sterile 0.9% NaCI solution or diquat （10 mg/kg body weight）. During the first 7 d of trial, increasing dietary tryptophan levels enhanced average daily gain （P = 0.09） and average daily feed intake （P = 0.08）, and decreased the feed efficiency （P 〈 0.05） of piglets. The growth performance was decreased by diquat injection （P 〈 0.05）. Diquat injection also decreased the activities of the superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） in the plasma and liver （P 〈 0.05）, increased plasma malondialdehyde （MDA）（P 〈 0.05） and urea nitrogen （P 〈 0.05） concentrations, and enhanced MDA concentration （P = 0.09） and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase （Tdo） activity （P = 0.07） in liver of piglets. Increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the effects of diquat injection on the MDA （P = 0.06） concentration and the activities of SOD （P = 0.09） and GPx （P = 0.05） of the liver, and plasma urea nitrogen （P = 0.06） concentration in the piglet. There was a synergistic role for increasing Tdo activity in the liver between dietary tryptophan levels and diquat injection （P 〈 0.05）. These results suggest that increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the oxidative stress of the liver in weaned piglets intraperitoneally injected with diquat via enhancing the antioxidant capacity.

关键词： Antioxidant capacity Diquat Oxidative stress of livers Tryptophan,Weaned piglets

Effect of dietary supplementation with mulberry(Morus alba L.) leaves on the growth performance,meat quality and antioxidative capacity of finishing pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 143-151页

作者： ZENG Zhu JIANG Jun-jie YU Jie MAO Xiang-bing YU Bing CHEN Dai-wen Key Laboratory for animal Disease-Resistant nutrition Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal NutritionSichuan Agricultural University

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary mulberry(Morus alba L.) leaves powder(MLP) supplementation on meat quality of finishing pigs.A total of 40 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs(initial body weight of(40.5±0.63) kg) were randomly allotted into two treatments,fed either with control diet or 15% MLP diet for 85 *** results showed that MLP diet decreased(P≤0.05) average daily gain(ADG) and increased(P<0.05) feed/gain ratio(F/G) in the finishing and whole *** diet also decreased(P<0.05) carcass weight,dressing percentage,last rib and average backfat ***,MLP diet increased(P<0.05) intramuscular fat(IMF) content,decreased(P<0.05) shear force,cooking loss and drip *** addition,MLP diet increased(P<0.05) total antioxidative capacity,glutathione peroxidase and tended(P<0.10) to increase total superoxide dismutase in *** longissimus thoracis,myosin heavy chain(MyHC) I and IIa mRNA levels were increased(P≤0.05) for MLP *** conclusion,15% MLP supplementation reduced the growth performance and carcass traits,but improved meat quality of finishing pigs possibly through the change of myofiber characteristics,enhancement of antioxidative capacity and increase of IMF.

关键词： mulberry leaves powder meat quality myofibers antioxidation pigs

Effects of low ambient temperatures and dietary vitamin C supplementation on pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypoxic gene expression of 21-d-old broilers

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第1期15卷 183-190页

作者： ZENG Qiu-feng YANG Xia ZHENG Ping ZHANG Ke-ying LUO Yu-heng DING Xue-mei BAI Shi-ping WANG Jian-ping XUAN Yue SU Zhuo-wei Key Laboratory for animal Disease Resistance nutrition Ministry of EducationInstitute of Animal Nutrition Sichuan Agricultural University

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low ambient temperature （LAT） and dietary vitamin C （VC） sup- plementation on pulmonary vascular remodeling （PVR） and the relative expression of hypoxia inducible factor-la （HIF-la）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and its receptor 2 （VEGFR-2） mRNA of lungs in 21-d-old broilers. 400 1-d-old male Cobb broilers were assigned randomly to 4 treatments as follows for 21 d： 1 ） LAT and a basal diet; 2） LAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg kg-1 VC （LAT＋VC）; 3） normal ambient temperature （NAT） and a basal diet; 4） NAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg kg-1 VC （NAT＋VC）. Each treatment was composed of 10 replicates of 10 birds per replicate. Samples of lung were collected after the broilers were killed at d 21. LAT increased the ratio of vessel wall area to vessel total area （WA/TA, %） and mean media thickness in pulmonary arterioles （mMTPA, %）（P〈0.05）. Dietary VC supplementation decreased mMTPA （P〈0.05）, but had no effect on the WA/TA. LAT increased （P〈0.05） the relative mRNA expression of HIF-la, VEGF and VEGFR-2, while adding VC to the diet could decrease （P〈0.05） their relative mRNA expression. A significant positive correlation existed between the level of VEGF mRNA expression and the value of WA/WT （P〈0.05） or mMTPA （P〈0.05）. These results suggested LAT resulted in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the increase of HIF-la, VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression, and dietary VC supplementation can alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in broiler by affecting these gene expression.

关键词： broiler hypoxia inducible factor-la low ambient temperature pulmonary vascular remodeling vitamin C

Dietary supplementation with branchedchain amino acids enhances milk production by lactating sows and the growth of suckling piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1857-1870页

作者： Reza Rezaei Ana San Gabriel Guoyao Wu Department of animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA ajinomoto Co. Inc1-15-1 KyobashiChuokuTokyo 104-8315Japan

Background:Under current dietary regimens,milk production by lactating sows is insufficient to sustain the maximal growth of their *** precursors of glutamate and glutamine as well as substrates and activators of protein synthesis,branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)have great potential for enhancing milk production by ***:Thirty multiparous sows were assigned randomly into one of three groups:control(a corn-and soybean meal-based diet),the basal diet+1.535%BCAAs;and the basal diet+3.07%*** ratio(g/g)among the supplemental L-isoleucine,L-leucine and L-valine was 1.00:2.56:*** were made isonitrogenous by the addition of appropriate amounts of *** sows had free access to drinking water and their respective *** number of live-born piglets was standardized to 9 per sow at d 0 of lactation(the day of parturition).On d 3,15 and 29 of lactation,body weights and milk consumption of piglets were measured,and blood samples were obtained from sows and piglets 2 h and 1 h after feeding and nursing,***:Feed intake did not differ among the three groups of *** of asparagine,glutamate,glutamine,citrulline,arginine,proline,BCAAs,and many other amino acids were greater(P<0.05)in the plasma of BCAA-supplemented sows and their piglets than those in the control *** with the control,dietary supplementation with 1.535%and 3.07%BCAAs increased(P<0.05)concentrations of free and protein-bound BCAAs,glutamate plus glutamine,aspartate plus asparagine,and many other amino acids in milk;milk production by 14%and 21%,respectively;daily weight gains of piglets by 19%and 28%,respectively,while reducing preweaning mortality rates by 50%and 70%,***:Dietary supplementation with up to 3.07%BCAAs enhanced milk production by lactating sows,and the growth and survival of their piglets.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Lactation Milk synthesis Milk yield Neonatal growth Sow

Perturbations in the uterine luminal fluid composition are detrimental to pregnancy establishment in cattle

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 56-66页

作者： Thiago Martins Guilherme Pugliesi Mariana Sponchiado Angela M.Gonella-Diaza Oscar A.Ojeda-Rojas Frederich D.Rodriguez Roney S.Ramos Andrea C.Basso Mario Binelli Department of animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of Sao Paulo Department of nutrition and animal Production School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of Sao Paulo University Corporation of Huila ABS Global In Vitro brasil Department of animal Sciences University of Florida

Background: A major,unresolved issue is how the uterine microenvironment determines pregnancy success in *** implantation,conceptus development depends on the uterine secretome(i.e.,histotroph).Despite its pivotal role,little is known about the dynamics of histotroph synthesis and changes in composition throughout the early diestrus and the relevance to pregnancy *** hypothesize that disturbances on histotroph composition affect the establishment of *** was to disturb histotroph composition at early diestrus and verify the effects on:(Exp.1) timing to restore its composition; and(Exp.2) pregnancy rate after multiple-embryo *** cycle of multiparous Nelore cows were synchronized and estrus was considered d 0(D0) of the *** was through flushing each uterine horn with 30 m L of DMPBS and collecting the resulting uterine luminal flushing(ULF) on D1; D4; D7; D1 + D4 + *** group remained *** Exp.1,ULF was collected on D7.5 from all animals and used for quantification of total protein concentration and abundance of *** Exp.2,three in vitro-produced embryos were transferred to the uterine horn ipsilateral to the ovary containing the CL on D7.5 and pregnancy was checked on D25 by ***: In Exp.1,ULF collection on D4 or D7 increased(1.5-to 2.2-folds) the total protein concentration and albumin *** collection on D1 did not alter(P > 0.10) these *** Exp.2,ULF collected on D4 or D7 decreased pregnancy rates to approximately half of that measured in the remaining ***: Subtle perturbations imposed to the native intrauterine milieu,such as those caused by a single,low-volume collection of ULF,profoundly disturbs intrauterine composition and pregnancy *** least 4 d were necessary for the uterus to recover its composition and the functional capacity to carry post-implantation gestation.

关键词： Albumin Embryo Histotroph Protein

Next-generation probiotic candidates targeting intestinal health in weaned piglets: Both live and heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila prevent pathological changes induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the gut

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animal nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 110-122页

作者： Cong Lan Hua Li Yuqing Shen Yang Liu Aimin Wu Jun He Jingyi Cai Gang Tian Xiangbing Mao Zhiqing Huang Bing Yu Ping Zheng Jie Yu Junqiu Luo Hui Yan Yuheng Luo Key Laboratory for animal Disease-Resistance nutrition of Ministry of Education of China Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan ProvinceEngineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of ChinaAnimal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural University

The use of next-generation probiotics （NGP） in pigs for combating diseases has been subject to limited *** we explored the potential of a well-known NGP candidate Akkermansia muciniphila targeting pig gut *** the first screening experiment,we found that the abundance of *** peaked at 14 d old but decreased at weaning （21 d old;Pdow for *** *** that,48 crossbred weaned pigs at 28 d old were randomly assigned to five groups:control （CON）,high/low live *** （HA/LA）,and high/low heatkilled *** （HIA/LIA）.From 1 to 28 d old,the CON group received gastric infusion of anaerobic sterile saline every other day;the HA and LA groups were gavaged every other day with 1×1010CFU/5 m L and 5×10～8CFU/5 mL live ***,respectively;and the HIA and LIA groups were gavaged every other day with 1×1010CFU/5 mL and 5×10～8CFU/5 mL heat-killed ***,*** d 29,pigs in the CON group were randomly and equally divided into two groups,one of which was named the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli （ETEC） group,and all groups except CON received a 5-d ETEC *** supplementation of *** numerically reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned pigs compared to the pigs that only received the ETEC challenge （P=0.57）,but the LIA group had a higher diarrhea rate than the CON group （P<0.05）.Consistent with this,the supplementation of *** improved the small intestinal morphology and structure,proportion of CD4+T lymphocytes in the blood,as well as the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and antioxidant indices of pigs with ETEC challenge,especially for the LA group （P<0.05）.Meanwhile,*** supplementation reduced the expression of ETEC virulence factor genes in the ileum and colon of pigs challenged by ETEC （P<0.05）.Therefore,*** may protect the intestinal health of weaned piglets from damage caused by

关键词： Akkermansia muciniphila Weaned piglet Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge Intestinal health

Effects of maternal methyl donor intake during pregnancy on ileum methylation and function in an intrauterine growth restriction pig model

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1173-1189页

作者： Yan Lin Jiangnan Wu Yong Zhuo Bin Feng Zhengfeng Fang Shengyu Xu Jian Li Hua Zhao De Wu Lun Hua Lianqiang Che Key Laboratory of animal Disease‑Resistance nutrition Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina

Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high *** present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl donor(MET)supplementation alleviates IUGR and enhances offspring’s growth performance by improving intestinal growth,function,and DNA methylation of the ileum in a porcine IUGR *** Forty multiparous sows were allocated to the control or MET diet groups from mating until *** farrowing,8 pairs of IUGR and normal birth weight piglets from 8 litters were selected for sampling before suckling *** The results showed that maternal MET supplementation tended to decrease the IUGR incidence and increased the average weaning weight of ***,maternal MET supplementation significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of isoleucine,cysteine,urea,and total amino acids in sows and newborn *** also increased lactase and sucrase activity in the jejunum of newborn *** addition resulted in lower ileal methionine synthase activity and increased betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity in the ileum of newborn *** methylation analysis of the ileum showed that MET supplementation increased the methyla-tion level of DNA CpG sites in the ileum of newborn ***-regulated differentially methylated genes were enriched in folic acid binding,insulin receptor signaling pathway,and endothelial cell *** contrast,up-regulated methylated genes were enriched in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway and nitric oxide biosyn-thetic *** Maternal MET supplementation can reduce the incidence of IUGR and increase the weaning litter weight of piglets,which may be associated with better intestinal function and methylation status.

关键词： Ileum Intrauterine growth restriction Methyl donor Methylation Sows