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Recent advances in photochemistry for positron emission tomography imaging

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 149-162页

作者： Jing-Jing Zhang Lujun Lou Rui Lv Jiahui Chen Yinlong Li Guangwei Wu Lingchao Cai Steven H.Liang Zhen Chen Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest BiomassJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and ChemicalsInternational Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322United States

As a powerful noninvasive imaging technology,positron emission tomography(PET)has been playing an important role in disease theranostics and drug *** successful application of PET relies on not only the biological properties of PET tracers but also the availability of facile and efficient radiochemical reactions to enable practical production and widespread use of PET *** recently,photochemistry is emerging as a novel,mild and efficient approach to generating PET *** this review,we focus on the recent advances in newly developed photocatalytic radiochemical reactions,innovation on automated photochemical radiosynthesis modules,as well as implementation in late-stage radiolabeling and radio-pharmaceutical synthesis for PET *** believe that this review will inspire the development of more promising radiolabeling protocols for the preparation of clinically useful PET agents.

关键词： Positron emission tomography(PET) Fluorine-18 Carbon-11 Photocatalysis Automation Late-stage functionalization

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Enhancement of beneficial microbiomes in plant-soil continuums through organic fertilization:Insights into the composition and multifunctionality

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第3期6卷 109-120页

作者： Wen-Jing Li Xin-Yuan Zhou Xin-Li An Li-Juan Li Chen-Shuo Lin Hua Li Hong-Zhe Li Key lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of agro-products Institute of EnvironmentResourceSoil and FertilizersZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China

Soil microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining ecological functions and are of great importance for soil *** of them could bring benefits to plants for growth *** numerous studies have focused on specific beneficial bacteria and their interactions with soils and plants,we still lack a comprehensive understanding of beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums and their responses to agricultural *** address this gap,we carried out a microcosm experiment using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore the effects of organic fertilization on beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums and assess their potential *** findings reveal that organic fertilization had a positive impact on the beneficial functionality of bacterial communities in plant–soil *** improvement was primarily attributed to the optimized soil physicochemical conditions resulting from organic ***,organic fertilization increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks in both soils and the *** taxa in the endosphere undergone a shift of functions toward pathogen suppression as the result of organic ***,this study revealed that plants exhibited a preference for internalizing beneficial bacteria over other type of *** also provided new insights for evaluating the multifunctionality of microbiomes,and found that the functionality of beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums is enhanced by organic *** these findings suggested that organic fertilization can be an effective strategy for maintaining plant and soil health.

关键词： plant–soil continuums beneficial bacteria agricultural activities multifunctionality endosphere

SP-141 targets Trs85 to inhibit rice blast fungus infection and functions as a potential broadspectrum antifungal agent

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 169-184页

作者： Xi-Yu Wu Bo Dong Xue-Ming Zhu Ying-Ying Cai Lin Li Jian-Ping Lu Bin Yu Jing-Li Cheng Fei Xu Jian-Dong Bao Ying Wang Xiao-Hong Liu Fu-Cheng Lin State Key laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of agro-products Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina State Key laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of agro-products Institute of Plant Protection and MicrobiologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science College of MedicineThe University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA Markey Cancer Center College of MedicineThe University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Edible Fungi Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 201106ShanghaiChina

Rice blast is a devastating disease worldwide,threatening rice production and food *** blast fun-gus Magnaporthe oryzae invades the host via the appressorium,a specialized pressure-generating struc-ture that generates enormous turgor pressure to penetrate the host ***,owing to ongoing evolution of fungicide resistance,it is vitally important to identify new targets and ***,we show that Trs85,a subunit of the transport protein particle III complex,is essential for appressorium-mediated infection in *** explain how Trs85 regulates autophagy through Ypt1(a small guano-sine triphosphatase protein)in *** then identify a key conserved amphipathic a helix within Trs85 that is associated with pathogenicity of *** computer-aided screening,we identify a lead compound,SP-141,that affects autophagy and the Trs85–Ypt1 ***-141 demonstrates a substantial capacity to effectively inhibit infection caused by the rice blast fungus while also exhibiting wide-ranging potential as an antifungal agent with broad-spectrum *** together,our data show that Trs85 is a potential new target and that SP-141 has potential for the control of rice *** thus provide a novel strategy that may help in thefight against rice blast.

关键词： Magnaporthe oryzae rice blast TRAPPIII complex trs85 fungicide

Learning layout generation for virtual worlds

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 577-592页

作者： Weihao Cheng Ying Shan ARC lab TencentShenzhen 518057China

The emergence of the metaverse has ledto the rapidly increasing demand for the generation ofextensive 3D worlds. We consider that an engagingworld is built upon a rational layout of multiple landuse areas (e.g., forest, meadow, and farmland). Tothis end, we propose a generative model of landuse distribution that learns from geographic *** model is based on a transformer architecturethat generates a 2D map of the land-use layout,which can be conditioned on spatial and semanticcontrols, depending on whether either one or bothare provided. This model enables diverse layoutgeneration with user control and layout expansion byextending borders with partial inputs. To generatehigh-quality and satisfactory layouts, we devise ageometric objective function that supervises the modelto perceive layout shapes and regularize generationsusing geometric priors. Additionally, we devise aplanning objective function that supervises the modelto perceive progressive composition demands andsuppress generations deviating from controls. Toevaluate the spatial distribution of the generations, wetrain an autoencoder to embed land-use layouts intovectors to enable comparison between the real andgenerated data using the Wasserstein metric, which isinspired by the Fr´echet inception distance.

关键词： layout generation virtual worlds Transformer land-use

A survey on dynamic graph processing on GPUs: concepts, terminologies and systems

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 1-23页

作者： Hongru GAO Xiaofei LIAO Zhiyuan SHAO Kexin LI Jiajie CHEN Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System lab/Cluster and Grid Computing lab School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Zhejiang lab Hangzhou 311121China

Graphs that are used to model real-world entities with vertices and relationships among entities with edges,have proven to be a powerful tool for describing real-world problems in *** most real-world scenarios,entities and their relationships are subject to constant *** that record such changes are called dynamic *** recent years,the widespread application scenarios of dynamic graphs have stimulated extensive research on dynamic graph processing systems that continuously ingest graph updates and produce up-to-date graph analytics *** the scale of dynamic graphs becomes larger,higher performance requirements are demanded to dynamic graph processing *** the massive parallel processing power and high memory bandwidth,GPUs become mainstream vehicles to accelerate dynamic graph processing ***-based dynamic graph processing systems mainly address two challenges:maintaining the graph data when updates occur(i.e.,graph updating)and producing analytics results in time(i.e.,graph computing).In this paper,we survey GPU-based dynamic graph processing systems and review their methods on addressing both graph updating and graph *** comprehensively discuss existing dynamic graph processing systems on GPUs,we first introduce the terminologies of dynamic graph processing and then develop a taxonomy to describe the methods employed for graph updating and graph *** addition,we discuss the challenges and future research directions of dynamic graph processing on GPUs.

关键词： dynamic graphs graph processing graph algorithms GPUs

Model architecture level privacy leakage in neural networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 20-32页

作者： Yan LI Hongyang YAN Teng HUANG Zijie PAN Jiewei LAI Xiaoxue ZHANG Kongyang CHEN Jin LI Institute of Artificial Intelligent and Blockchain Guangzhou University Pazhou lab

Privacy leakage is one of the most critical issues in machine learning and has attracted growing interest for tasks such as demonstrating potential threats in model attacks and creating model *** recent years, numerous studies have revealed various privacy leakage risks(e.g., data reconstruction attack, membership inference attack, backdoor attack, and adversarial attack) and several targeted defense approaches(e.g., data denoising, differential privacy, and data encryption). However, existing solutions generally focus on model parameter levels to disclose(or repair) privacy threats during the model training and/or model interference process, which are rarely applied at the model architecture level. Thus, in this paper, we aim to exploit the potential privacy leakage at the model architecture level through a pioneer study on neural architecture search(NAS) paradigms which serves as a powerful tool to automate a neural network *** investigating the NAS procedure, we discover two attack threats in the model architecture level called the architectural dataset reconstruction attack and the architectural membership inference attack. Our theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation reveal that an attacker may leverage the output architecture of an ongoing NAS paradigm to reconstruct its original training set, or accurately infer the memberships of its training set simply from the model architecture. In this work, we also propose several defense approaches related to these model architecture attacks. We hope our work can highlight the need for greater attention to privacy protection in model architecture levels(e.g., NAS paradigms).

关键词： neural architecture search data reconstruction attack membership inference attack

A New Speed Limit Recognition Methodology Based on Ensemble Learning:Hardware Validation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 119-138页

作者： Mohamed Karray Nesrine Triki Mohamed Ksantini ESME ESME Research LabIvry Sur Seine94200France CEM Lab ENISUniversity of SfaxSfax3038Tunisia

Advanced DriverAssistance Systems(ADAS)technologies can assist drivers or be part of automatic driving systems to support the driving process and improve the level of safety and comfort on the *** Sign Recognition System(TSRS)is one of themost important components *** the challengeswith TSRS is being able to recognize road signs with the highest accuracy and the shortest processing ***,this paper introduces a new real time methodology recognizing Speed Limit Signs based on a trio of developed ***,the Speed Limit Detection(SLD)module uses the Haar Cascade technique to generate a new SL detector in order to localize SL signs within captured ***,the Speed Limit Classification(SLC)module,featuring machine learning classifiers alongside a newly developed model called DeepSL,harnesses the power of a CNN architecture to extract intricate features from speed limit sign images,ensuring efficient and precise *** addition,a new Speed Limit Classifiers Fusion(SLCF)module has been developed by combining trained ML classifiers and the DeepSL model by using the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions and ensemble learning’s voting *** rigorous software and hardware validation processes,the proposedmethodology has achieved highly significant F1 scores of 99.98%and 99.96%for DS theory and the votingmethod,***,a prototype encompassing all components demonstrates outstanding reliability and efficacy,with processing times of 150 ms for the Raspberry Pi board and 81.5 ms for the Nano Jetson board,marking a significant advancement in TSRS technology.

关键词： Driving automation advanced driver assistance systems(ADAS) traffic sign recognition(TSR) artificial intelligence ensemble learning belief functions voting method

Synthesis and characteristics of transparent Gd_(2)O_(3)ceramics with cubic structure

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第4期13卷 463-468页

作者： Akio Ikesue Yan Lin Aung World lab Co. Nagoya456-8587Japan

Transparent Gd_(2)O_(3)ceramics with a cubic crystal structure were successfully synthesized for the first *** Gd_(2)O_(3)ceramics subjected to hot isostatic press(HIP)at 1070℃consisted of uniform grains of 2-3μm,and only a few residual pores could be detected inside the materials.X-ray diffraction(XRD)shows that the obtained polycrystalline materials have a cubic crystal structure,and the transmission polarized light observation shows that there is no birefringence inside the materials,indicating inherent optical properties of the cubic crystal *** optical absorption edge is 640 nm(optical band gap:2.1 eV),and the transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region is 72%,which is close to the theoretical transmittance calculated from Fresnel *** constant of this material is almost wavelength-independent,and it is diamagnetic since it has the opposite polarity to that of common paramagnetic materials.

关键词： gadolinium oxide cubic hot isostatic press(HiP) diamagnetic Verdet constant

Unbalanced private set intersection with linear communication complexity

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 79-93页

作者： Quanyu ZHAO Bingbing JIANG Yuan ZHANG Heng WANG Yunlong MAO Sheng ZHONG Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Purple Mountain lab

The private set intersection(PSI) protocol allows two parties holding a set of integers to compute the intersection of their sets without revealing any additional information to each other. The unbalanced PSI schemes consider a specific setting where a client holds a small set of the size n and a server holds a much larger set of the size m(n ■ m). The communication overhead of state-of-the-art balanced PSI schemes is O(m + n) and the unbalanced PSI schemes are O(nlogm). In this paper, we propose a novel secure unbalanced PSI protocol based on a hash proof system. The communication complexity of our protocol grows only linearly with the size of the small set. In other words, our protocol achieves communication overhead of O(n). We test the performance on a personal computer(PC) machine with a local area network(LAN)setting for the network. The experimental results demonstrate that the client only takes 2.01 s of online computation, 4.27 MB of round trip communication to intersect 1600 pieces of 32-bit integers with 220pieces of 32-bit integers with the security parameter λ = 512. Our protocol is efficient and can be applied to resource-constrained devices, such as cell phones.

关键词： unbalanced private set intersection Hash proof system linear communication complexity small set resource-constrained devices