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Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics and management of childhood cardiorenal syndrome

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World Journal of Nephrology 2012年第1期1卷 16-24页

作者： Wasiu A Olowu Paediatric Nephrology and Hypertension Unit Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex IleIfe Osun State 234 Nigeria department of Paediatrics and Child Health Faculty of Clinical Sciences Obafemi Awolowo University IleIfe Osun State 234 Nigeria

Cardiorenal syndrome(CRS) is a new term recently introduced to describe the acute or chronic comorbid state of the heart and kidney that has been long known and frequently managed in very sick individuals. The tight and delicate coordination of physiological functions among organ systems in the human body makes dysfunction in one to lead to malfunction of one or more other organ systems. CRS is a universal very common morbidity in the critically ill, with a high mortality rate that has received very little research attention in children. Simultaneous management of heart and renal failures in CRS is quite challenging; the therapeutic choice made for one organ must not jeopardize the other. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics and management of acute and chronic CRS in children.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Congestive heart failure Chronic kidney disease Ultrafltration

Targeting the elabela/apelin-apelin receptor axis as a novel therapeutic approach for hypertension

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第9期135卷 1019-1026页

作者： Jiawei Song Jianqiong Tang Zhenzhou Zhang Ying Liu Jiuchang Zhong Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020China department of Critical Care Medicine Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201600China Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine Beijing 100020China.

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for global mortality and morbidity and those with hypertension are more likely to develop severe symptoms in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system,which is closely related to abnormal renin-angiotensin system and elabela/apelin-apelin receptor(APJ)*** elabela/apelin-APJ axis exerts essential roles in regulating blood pressure levels,vascular tone,and cardiovascular dysfunction in hypertension by counterbalancing the action of the angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis and enhancing the endothelial nitric oxide(NO)synthase/NO ***,the elabela/apelin-APJ axis demonstrates beneficial effects in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology,including angiogenesis,cellular proliferation,fibrosis,apoptosis,oxidative stress,and cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction during *** importantly,effects of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis on vascular tone may depend upon blood vessel type or various pathological ***,the broad distribution of elabela/apelin and alternative isoforms implicates its distinct functions in diverse cardiac and vascular cells and tissue ***,both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches have defined critical roles of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis in reducing the development and severity of hypertensive ***,targeting the elabela/apelin-APJ axis has emerged as a pre-warning biomarker and a novel therapeutic approach against progression of hypertension,and an increased understanding of cardiovascular actions of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis will help to develop effective interventions for *** this review,we focus on the physiology and biochemistry,diverse actions,and underlying mechanisms of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis,highlighting its role in hypertension and hypertensive cardiovascular injury and dysfunction,with a view to provide a prospective strategy for hypertensive disease therapy.

关键词： Elabela Apelin APJ Hypertension Renin-angiotensin system

LHCGR and ALMS1 defects likely cooperate in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome indicated by double-mutant mice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第5期48卷 384-395页

作者： Li Yu Lina Wang Wufan Tao Wenxiang Zhang Shuanghao Yang Jian Wang Jia Fei Rui Peng Yiming Wu Xiumei Zhen Hong Shao Weiyue Gu Rong Li Bai-Lin Wu Hongyan Wang Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Children’s Hospital Institutes of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghai 201102China department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Center for Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02115USA National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research)State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life SciencesInstitute of Metabolism and Integrative BiologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200011China Institute of Developmental Biology&Molecular Medicine Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Reproductive Medicine Centre Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center Beijing 100875China Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200127China Zhongke Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Institute Beijing 102600China

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a heterogeneous disorder with evidence of polygenetic components,and obesity may be a risk factor for hyperandrogen *** studies have shown that LHCGR is en riched in the ovary and LHCGR deficiency causes infertility without typical PCOS ***1 is implicated in obesity and hyperandrogenism,the common phenotypes among PCOS *** whole-exome sequencing of 22 PCOS families and targeted candidate gene sequencing of additional 65 sporadic PCOS patients,we identified potential causative mutations in LHCGR and ALMS1 in a sibling-pair PCOS family and three sporadic PCOS *** expression of LHCGRL638 P in granulosa-like tumor cell line(KGN)cells promoted cyclic adenosine monophosphate production and granulosa cell proliferation,indicating that LHCGRL638 P is an activating ***~(L642 P/L642 P)mice showed an irregular estrous cycle,reduced follicles with dynamic folliculogenesis,and increased testosterone(T),estradiol(E2),and ***~(+/L642 P)AIms1~(+/PB)mice displayed increased T and E2 but decreased late secondary and preovulatory *** showed that activating mutation of LHCGR likely plays important roles in the pathophysiology of PCOS involving abnormal reproductive physiology,whereas ALMS1 deficiency may promote anovulatory infertility via elevated androgens,suggesting that the disturbed LHCGR and ALMS1 cooperatively induce PCOS phenotypes,characterized as anovulation and hyperandrogenemia frequently observed in PCOS patients with obesity.

关键词： LHCGR ALMS1 Anovulation Hyperandrogenemia PCOS

Activatable molecular fluorescence probes for the imaging and detection of ischemic stroke

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Brain Science Advances 2023年第1期9卷 35-42页

作者： Mengdie Wang Yan Zhang department of Neurology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022HubeiChina National Engineering Research Centre for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina

The real-time, noninvasive, nonionizing, high spatiotemporal resolution, and flexibility characteristics of molecular fluorescence imaging provide a uniquely powerful approach to imaging and monitoring the physiology and pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Currently, various fluorescence probes have been synthesized with the aim of improving quantitative and quantitative studies of the pathologic processes of ischemic stroke in living animals. In this review, we present an overview of current activatable fluorescence probes for the imaging and diagnosis of ischemic stroke in animal models. We categorize the probes based on their activatable signals from the biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke, and we present representative examples of their functional mechanisms. Finally, we briefly discuss future perspectives in this field.

关键词： molecular imaging protease metal ion ROS fluorescence probe ischemic stroke detection

pathophysiology transforms to pathobiology:new technologies and interdisciplinary project-oriented learning

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中国病理生理杂志 2009年第11期25卷 2248-2248页

作者： Leonid P. Churilov Yury I. Stroev Vladimir J. Utekhin department ofPathology School ofMedicine State University off.113 bld821st line V.O. St.Petersburg199106 Russia

Integrative role of pathophysiology in medicine is analogous to that of systemic biology among non-medical life sciences. Pathology rooted in morphology,because autopsy and microscopy in early 19th century revealed some loci and elements of disease. However,this was not enough for comprehension of systemic disorders and relations between elements. This promoted the involvement of physiology and birth of pathophysiology. For a long time the methodological options for bedside studies were scarce,so generations of physicians percepted pathophysiology as a science of lab and vivarium only,unlike pathomorphology,had integrated in clinics earlier. This lead to fornication between two sister branches of pathology and teaching of pathology and clinical subjects separated. Methodological progress of 20th century created basis for less or non-invasive patient studies. Current advances of pathochemistry,medical genetics,immunopathology,bioinformatics-give the chance to pathophysiology and pathomorphology spread far beyond the constraint of their historical names and intermingle. Current pathophysiology grew into clinics (via laboratory and functional diagnosis,which contains clinical experimenting). This promotes re-integration of pathology sister branches,not via absorption,but through mutual shift to clinical correlations. Holistic approach to patient,disease and education is traditional for Russian medicine. In our pathophysiology teaching,classical lab experiments are joint to early start of clinical pathology (6th term),case history analysis,lectures co-delivered by pathologist and clinician with demonstration of patients. Pathomorphologist and clinician are included in state board for pathophysiology exam. In teaching posters pathophysiological,clinical and pathomorphological data are fused. Local net of digital television microscopes gives instant video archive of experimental results added to student's protocols of lab studies. Teaching posters and course papers are co

关键词：病理生理学病原生物学跨学科学习导向项目技术病理生理作用

Nerve Fibres Detection in Paired Eutopic and Ectopic Endometria from Women with Endometriosis: Correlation with Nerve Growth Factor Expression

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第7期5卷 417-426页

作者： Sebastián Venegas Edward Parada M. Angélica Boric Hugo Sovino Ariel Fuentes Fernando Gabler Reinaldo González-Ramos M. Cecilia Johnson Institute of Maternal and Child Research Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile Medical Technology School Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital Santiago Chile department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile

Endometriosis, disorder characterized by the presence of endometrium outside the uterus cavity, is associated with chronic pelvic pain. Nerve growth factor (NGF) participates in development, repair and survival of neurons. We evaluated NGF and nerve fibres in eutopic and ectopic endometria from women with endometriosis and in normal endometrium from control patients without endometriosis. In endometrium collected during surgery for endometriosis (paired eutopic and ectopic endometria, proliferative n = 6 and secretory n = 7 phases) or during tubal ligation or hysterectomy for no endometrial disease (control, proliferative n = 6 and secretory n = 6 phases), NGF and neurofilament (NF) of nerve fibres were studied by immunohistochemistry measuring integrated optical density (IOD). Cytoplasmic NGF was detected in glands and stroma in all control, eutopic and ectopic endometrial samples;no statistical differences were found throughout the menstrual cycle. However, total (gland plus stroma) NGF IOD was higher in eutopic than in ectopic endometria during the secretory phase. NF was detected only in ectopic endometrium being eutopic and control endometria negative to this antibody, and no differences were observed between proliferative and secretory phases. Negative and significant correlation was found between NGF and NF expression in ectopic endometria only during the secretory phase. In conclusion, our results show a significant negative correlation between NGF and myelinated nerve fibres in secretory ectopic endometria. NGF expression was not significantly modified throughout the menstrual cycle in control and in endometriosis, even higher in eutopic than in ectopic tissues;the NGF secretion from lesions to pelvic cavity cannot be ruled out, and could explain the negative correlation observed. Although NF and NGF are not useful as diagnostic markers for endometriosis, their expression may be related to endometrial physiology and pathophysiology of the disease.

关键词： NGF Nerves Fibres Eutopic Endometrium Ectopic Endometrium Endometriosis

P17 Pharmacology in the integrated course ＂Basic Medical Sciences＂ in Zhejiang University School of Medicine

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中国药理通讯 2006年第2期23卷 25-25页

作者： Ji-qiang Chen Qiang Xia Qiang-min Xie Er-qing Wei Li-qin Fu Preclinical department Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China

Association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase(ENOS) G894T polymorphism and high altitude(HA) adaptation： a meta-analysis

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中国应用生理学杂志 2015年第6期31卷 517-523页

作者： Hong-xiang LU Yu-xiao WANG Yu CHEN Yong-jun LUO department of Military Medical Geography College of High Altitude Military Medicine the Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China Battalion 5 of Cadet Brigade the Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education) the Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China

Objective: Highland natives adapt well to the hypoxic environment at high altitude(HA). Several genes have been reported to be linked to HA adaptation. Previous studies showed that the endothelial nitric oxide synthase(ENOS) G894 T polymorphism contributed to the physiology and pathophysiology of humans at HA by regulating the production of NO. In this meta-analysis, we evaluate the association between the ENOS G894 T polymorphism and HA adaptation through analyzing the published data. Methods: We searched all relevant literature about the ENOS G894 T polymorphism and HA adaptation in Pub Med, Medline, and Embase before Step 2015. A random-effects model was applied(Revman 5.0), and study quality was assessed in duplicate. Six studies with 634 HA native cases and 621 low-altitude controls were included in this meta-analysis. Results: From the results, we observed that the wild-type allele G was significantly overrepresented in the HA groups(OR=1.85; 95% CI, 1.47–2.33; P<0.0001). In addition, the GG genotype was significantly associated with HA adaptation(OR=1.99; 95% CI, 1.54–2.57; P<0.0001). Conclusion: Our results showed that in 894 G allele carriers, the GG genotype might be a beneficial factor for HA adaptation through enhancing the level of NO. However, more studies were needed to confirm our findings due to the limited sample size.

关键词：内皮型一氧化氮合酶 eNOS 多态性 HA 高海拔高原低氧环境 MEDLINE 病理生理学

Network Modelling and Visualisation Analysis of the Undergraduate Dental Curriculum System in China

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2021年第6期9卷 38-51页

作者： Qian Ren Xiao Peng Xiaoyu Liu Qiao Zheng Ting He Die Hu Xuelian Jiang Linglin Zhang Education Affairs Office West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China College of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China

Objectives: This study aims to present the characteristics of the undergraduate dental curriculum system using network modelling and visualisation analysis based on complex network theory, thus providing a theoretical foundation for the course development and curriculum reform. Methods: The correlation coefficient was used to quantify the intensity of the correlation between courses, and a visualisation complex network of the dental curriculum was built to explore the curriculum pattern from a dynamic perspective. Further, the statistical measurements of curriculum network were adopted to express the most relevant topological features. Subsequently, the minimum spanning tree and parallel coordinates plot were drawn to explore the curriculum community structure, quantify the key courses, and present different courses in time and space relationships. Results: The correlation analysis results show that the courses are closely related to each other. The main courses focus on pathology, pathophysiology, oral anatomy and physiology, closely connecting almost all medicine-related courses. The whole course network has an average degree value of 41.53, and a clustering coefficient of 0.78, indicating an obvious small-world characteristic. From the perspective of curriculum attributes, the number of public and theoretical courses was more than that of skills and practical courses. Moreover, the academic performance of skills and practical courses was lower than that of public and theoretical courses. Conclusion: The undergraduate dental courses have a progressive structure from basic professional knowledge to professional skills, which is reasonable for the dental education in China. However, some efforts towards curriculum reform based on this study are needed.

关键词： Complex Network Dental Education Curriculum Data Visualisation Educational Data Mining