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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1844-1845页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal Nógrádi department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged

Pathophysiology of spinal cord injury:Injury to the spinal cord results in loss of gray and white matter i.e.,it produces a segmental spinal cord lesion and,as a consequence leads to a fatal loss of motor,sensory and autonomic *** cord injuries in humans and other mammals are not followed by the replacement of lost neurons and oligodendrocytes and regrowth of injured axons,instead they lead to permanent,fatal and incurable functional *** primary physical injury is followed by a cascade of tissue-decaying events,called secondary injury,which leads to ischemia,vascular disruption,neuroinflammation,excitotoxicity,demyelination and death of neurons and glial cells(Silva et al.,2014;Figure 1A).The direct mechanical disruption of the vasculature results in the increased permeability of the blood-spinal cord *** to the leakiness of blood-spinal cord barrier and production of cytokines by activated microglia,a number of various immune cells(T lymphocytes,neutrophils and monocytes)invade the injury *** macrophages generate a set of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-1β,and IL-6,which may further augment the secondary events(Ahuja et al.,2017).In addition,a number of other disruptive processes contribute to the heterogeneous and time-sensitive pathophysiology of spinal cord injury.

关键词： mutual Figure injuries

Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells by Radix Angelicae Sinensis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第35期8卷 3353-3358页

作者： Qiaozhi Wang Lile Zhou Yong Guo Guangyi Liu Jiyan Cheng Hong Yu department of histology and Embryology Luzhou Medical College department of Electronic Microscopy Luzhou Medical College

Human adipose tissues are an ideal source of stem cells. It is important to find inducers that can safely and effectively differentiate stem cells into functional neurons for clinical use. In this study, we investigate the use of Radix Angelicae Sinensis as an inducer of neuronal differentiation. Primary human adipose-derived stem cells were obtained from adult subcutaneous fatty tissue, then pre-induced with 10% Radix Angelicae Sinensis injection for 24 hours, and incubated in serum-free Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 containing 40% Radix Angelicae Sinensis to induce its differentiation into neuron-like cells. Butylated hydroxyanisole, a common in- ducer for neuronal differentiation, was used as the control. After human adipose-derived stem cells differentiated into neuron-like cells under the induction of Radix Angelicae Sinensis for 24 hours, the positive expression of neuron-specific enolase was lower than that of the butylated hydroxyani- sole-induced group, and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was negative. Alter they were induced for 48 hours, the positive expression of neuron specific enolase in human adipose-derived stem cells was significantly higher than that of the butylated hydroxyanisole-induced group. Our experimental findings indicate that Radix Angelicae Sinensis can induce human adipose-derived stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells and produce less cytotoxicity.

关键词： neural regeneration stem cells human adipose-derived stem cells Radix Angelicae Sinensis neuron-like cells differentiation adipocytes cytotoxicity grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo: From biological characteristics to therapeutic mechanisms

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第8期11卷 548-564页

作者： Fei Yin Wen-Ying Wang Wen-Hua Jiang department of histology and Embryology Basic Medical College of Jilin University

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic injuries, characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix or scar tissue within the liver;in addition, its formation is associated with multiple cytokines as well as several cell types and a variety of signaling pathways. When liver fibrosis is not well controlled, it can progress to liver cirrhosis, but it is reversible in principle. Thus far, no efficient therapy is available for treatment of liver fibrosis. Although liver transplantation is the preferred strategy, there are many challenges remaining in this approach, such as shortage of donor organs, immunological rejection, and surgical complications. Hence, there is a great need for an alternative therapeutic strategy. Currently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis;advantageously, the characteristics of MSCs are continuous self-renewal, proliferation, multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory activities. The human umbilical cord-derived (hUC)-MSCs possess not only the common attributes of MSCs but also more stable biological characteristics, relatively easy accessibility, abundant source, and no ethical issues (e.g., bone marrow being the adult source), making hUC-MSCs a good choice for treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of hUC-MSCs and their paracrine effects, exerted by secretion of various cytokines, which ultimately promote liver repair through several signaling pathways. Additionally, we discuss the capacity of hUC-MSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells for compensating the function of existing hepatocytes, which may aid in amelioration of liver fibrosis. Finally, we discuss the current status of the research field and its future prospects.

关键词： Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Liver fibrosis Hepatocytelike cells Mechanism Cell therapy Paracrine effect Exosome Transdifferentiation

Cell-based therapy in Alzheimer's disease: can human fetal cholinergic neurons “untangle the skein”?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2105-2107页

作者： Giulia Guarnieri Erica Sarchielli Gabriella B.Vannelli Annamaria Morelli Anatomy and histology Unit Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of old-age *** disease is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions,gradual loss of memory and ability... 详细信息

关键词： untangle the skein can human fetal cholinergic neurons Cell-based therapy in Alzheimer’s disease

Prevalence, risk factors, and BRAF mutation of colorectal sessile serrated lesions among Vietnamese patients

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第2期15卷 290-301页

作者： Nhu Thi Hanh Vu Huy Minh Le Diem Thi-Ngoc Vo Hoang Anh Vu Nhan Quang Le Dung Dang Quy Ho Duc Trong Quach department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh 700000Viet Nam GI Endoscopy department University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh 700000Viet Nam department of histology-Embryology and Pathology University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh 700000Viet Nam Center for Molecular Biomedicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh 700000Viet Nam department of Endoscopy Cho Ray HospitalHo Chi Minh 700000Viet Nam

BACKGROUND Sessile serrated lesions(SSLs)are considered precancerous colorectal lesions that should be detected and removed to prevent colorectal *** studies in Vietnam mainly investigated the adenoma pathway,with limited data on the serrated *** To evaluate the prevalence,risk factors,and BRAF mutations of SSLs in the Vietnamese *** This is a cross-sectional study conducted on patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent colonoscopy at a tertiary hospital in *** were diagnosed on histopathology according to the 2019 World Health Organi-zation *** mutation analysis was performed using the Sanger DNA sequencing *** multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine SSL-associated *** There were 2489 patients,with a mean age of 52.1±13.1 and a female-to-male ratio of 1:*** prevalence of SSLs was 4.2%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.5-5.1].In the multivariate analysis,factors significantly associated with SSLs were age≥40[odds ratio(OR):3.303;95%CI:1.607-6.790],male sex(OR:2.032;95%CI:1.204-3.429),diabetes mellitus(OR:2.721;95%CI:1.551-4.772),and hypertension(OR:1.650,95%CI:1.045-2.605).The rate of BRAF mutations in SSLs was 35.5%.CONCLUSION The prevalence of SSLs was 4.2%.BRAF mutations were present in one-third of *** risk factors for SSLs included age≥40,male sex,diabetes mellitus,and hypertension.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Sessile serrated lesion BRAF mutation Risk factors Diabetes mellitus Hypertension

Downregulation of EphB2 by RNA interference attenuates glial/fibrotic scar formation and promotes axon growth

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 362-369页

作者： Jian Wu Zhen-Yu Zhu Zhi-Wei Fan Ying Chen Ri-Yun Yang Yi Li department of histology and Embryology Medical CollegeNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

The rapid formation of a glial/fibrotic scar is one of the main factors hampering axon growth after spinal cord injury. The bidirectional Eph B2/ephrin-B2 signaling of the fibroblast-astrocyte contact-dependent interaction is a trigger for glial/fibrotic scar formation. In the present study, a new in vitro model was produced by coculture of fibroblasts and astrocytes wounded by scratching to mimic glial/fibrotic scar-like structures using an improved slide system. After treatment with RNAi to downregulate Eph B2, changes in glial/fibrotic scar formation and the growth of VSC4.1 motoneuron axons were examined. Following RNAi treatment, fibroblasts and astrocytes dispersed without forming a glial/fibrotic scar-like structure. Furthermore, the expression levels of neurocan, NG2 and collagen I in the coculture were reduced, and the growth of VSC4.1 motoneuron axons was enhanced. These findings suggest that suppression of Eph B2 expression by RNAi attenuates the formation of a glial/fibrotic scar and promotes axon growth. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China(approval No. 2019-0506-002) on May 6, 2019.

关键词： astrocyte EphB2 fibroblast glial/fibrotic scar microfluidic platform RNAi spinal cord injury VSC4.1 motoneuron

The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain:a novel target for ischemic stroke?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 485-491页

作者： Ying-Jie Wang Yan-Rong Sun Yan-Hong Pei Hao-Wen Ma Ya-Kun Mu Li-Hua Qin Jun-Hao Yan department of Anatomy and histology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Recent studies have proposed three lymphatic drainage systems in the brain,that is,the glymphatic system,the intramural periarterial drainage pathway,and meningeal lymphatic vessels,whose roles in various neurological diseases have been widely *** glymphatic system is a fluid drainage and waste clearance pathway that utilizes perivascular space and aquaporin-4 protein located in the astrocyte endfeet to provide a space for exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial *** intramural periarterial drainage pathway drives the flow of interstitial fluid through the capillary basement membrane and the arterial tunica *** lymphatic vessels within the dura mater are involved in the removal of cerebral macromolecules and immune *** ischemic stroke,impairment of these systems could lead to cerebral edema,accumulation of toxic factors,and activation of neuroinflammation,while restoration of their normal functions can improve neurological *** this review,we summarize the basic concepts of these drainage systems,including drainage routes,physiological functions,regulatory mechanisms,and detection *** also focus on the roles of lymphatic drainage systems in brain injury after ischemic stroke,as well as recent advances in therapeutic strategies targeting these drainage *** findings provide information for potential novel strategies for treatment of stroke.

关键词： aquaporin-4 brain edema glymphatic system intramural periarterial drainage ischemic stroke lymphatic drainage meningeal lymphatic vessels neuroinflammation neurotoxicity

Comprehensive analysis of gene mutations and mismatch repair in Chinese colorectal cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2673-2682页

作者： Huang Chen Rui-Ying Jiang Zhan Hua Xiao-Wei Wang Xiao-Li Shi Ye Wang Qian-Qian Feng Jie Luo Wu Ning Yan-Fen Shi Da-Kui Zhang Bei Wang Jian-Zheng Jie Ding-Rong Zhong department of Pathology China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China department of Gastrointestinal Surgery China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China department of Scientific Research GeneisBeijing 100012China

BACKGROUND RAS,BRAF,and mismatch repair(MMR)/microsatellite instability(MSI)are crucial biomarkers recommended by clinical practice guidelines for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,their characteristics and influencing factors in Chinese patients have not been thoroughly *** To analyze the clinicopathological features of KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations and the DNA MMR status in *** We enrolled 2271 Chinese CRC patients at the China-Japan Friendship *** proteins were tested using immunohistochemical analysis,and the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA mutations were determined using quantitative polymerase chain *** status was determined using an MSI detection *** analyses were conducted using SPSS software and logistic *** The KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 44.6%,3.4%,3.7%,and 3.9% of CRC patients,*** mutations were more likely to occur in patients with moderate-to-high *** mutations were more likely to occur in patients with right-sided CRC,poorly differentiated,or no perineural *** MMR(dMMR)was detected in 7.9% of all patients and 16.8% of those with mucinous ***,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 29.6%,1.1%,8.1%,and 22.3% of patients with dMMR,*** dMMR was more likely to occur in patients with a family history of CRC,agedhistology,no perineural invasion,and with carcinoma in situ,stage I,or stage II *** This study analyzed the molecular profiles of KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,PIK3CA,and MMR/MSI in CRC,identifying key influencing factors,with implications for clinical management of CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Deficient mismatch repair Microsatellite instability Gene mutation Comprehensive analysis

Thrombin in peripheral nerves:friend or foe?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1223-1224页

作者： Elena Pompili Cinzia Fabrizi department of Anatomy HistologyForensic Medicine and OrthopedicsSapienza UniversityRomeItaly

Differently from the central nervous system(CNS),the peripheral nervous system(PNS)exhibits a high regenerative *** ability is related to the remarkable plasticity of Schwann cells(SCs)which after nerve injury convert to a repair-promoting phenotype to a large *** injury is accompanied by a rapid rise of thrombin levels(Bushi et al.,2016;Gera et al.,2016).Thrombin is the key effector protease of the coagulation cascade which elicits hormonelike actions by the activation of G-protein coupled receptors known as proteaseactivated receptors(PARs).Inflammation and coagulation are two complex and interconnected pathways whose mutual interactions have been only partially elucidated.

关键词： mutual injury convert

Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) and memantine attenuate periventricular tissue injury of the fourth ventricle in hydrocephalic rabbits

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第9期8卷 773-782页

作者： Sibel Kktürk Süreyya Ceylan Volkan Etus Nezih Yasa Savas Ceylan department of histology and Embriyology Faculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey department of histology and Embriyology Faculty of MedicineKocaeli UniversityKocaeliTurkey department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineKocaeli UniversityKocaeliTurkey

This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifofia L. （Rubiaceae） commonly known as noni, and memantine （a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor） on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Kaolin was injected into the cistern magna of male adult New Zealand rabbits to establish a hydrocephalus animal model. Memantine （20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; memantine-treated group） or noni （5 mL/kg, intragastrically; noni-treated group） was administered daily for 2 weeks. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed to detect neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle of rabbits. Microtubule-associated protein-2 staining density was significantly decreased in the hydrocephalic group, while the staining density was significantly increased in the memantine- and noni-treated groups, especially in the noni-treated group. Noni treatment decreased the number of caspase-3-positive cells in rabbits with hydrocephalus, while memantine had no effect. These findings suggest that noni exhibits more obvious inhibitory effects on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders than memantine in periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle.

关键词： neural regeneration neurodegenerative disease traditional Chinese medicine hydrocephalusMorinda citrifolia L. (noni) memantine fourth ventricle periventricular tissue microtubule-associated protein-2 caspase-3 apoptosis grants-supported paper photographs-containing paper neuroregeneration