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Efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids in regulation of cytokines in autoimmune diseases a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on animal studies

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 417-426页

作者： ZHU Ruifang ZHANG Jun LYU Yaru CHEN Yulu HAN Shifan WANG Hongwei Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Diseases Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Editorial Office First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University School of Nursing Shanxi Medical University

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins,flavones, and alkaloids on experimental animals with autoimmune diseases(AIDs).METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO(CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, Pub Med,Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal studies investigating the therapeutic effects of saponins, flavones, or alkaloids on autoimmune diseases;consequently, corresponding data extraction tables were prepared. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation was used to assess the risk of methodological bias in the included literature. RevMan 5.4 was used for the Meta-analysis on the 8 serum ***: A total of 31 studies were included, all of which were randomized controlled studies. Meta-analysis indicated that substances rich in saponins, flavones, and alkaloids reduced serum levels of interleukin(IL)-1β[standardized mean difference(SMD) =-1.94, 95%confidence interval(CI)(-2.99,-0.90), P = 0.0003], IL-6 [SMD =-1.65, 95% CI(-2.33,-0.97,) P saponins,flavones, and alkaloids regulated the changes of immunerelated cytokines, it may be a novel dietary substance to relieve and control autoimmune diseases in the future.

关键词： Meta-analysis alkaloids autoimmune diseases flavones saponins system evaluation

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Plants’Steroidal saponins‑A Review on Its Pharmacology Properties and Analytical Techniques

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第3期8卷 350-385页

作者： Sudha Porte Veenu Joshi Kamal Shah Nagendra Singh Chauhan Center for Basic Sciences Pt.Ravishankar Shukla UniversityRaipurChhattisgarhIndia Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA UniversityMathuraUttar PradeshIndia Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan KendraRaipurChhattisgarhIndia

The plant is a rich repository of useful secondary metabolites with profound medicinal ***,one type of bioactive compound,are amphitheatric glycosides with one and more hydrophilic sugar and hydrophobic steroidal and terpenoid *** former is known as steroidal saponin,and the latter is called terpenoid *** saponin is mostly distributed among monocotyledon families such as Asparagaceae,Amaryllidaceae,Dioscoreaceae,Smilacaceae,and *** though it is unusual,it could also be detected to some extent by dicotyledonous angiosperms,such as Plantaginaceae,Zygophyllaceae,Fabaceae,Asteraceae,and *** exhibits diverse pharmacological ability including antimicrobic,anti‑inflammatory,cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitory,antiadipogenic,bactericide,cardioprotective,antitumor,antidiabetic,cytotoxic activity,antifungal,antiviral,antioxidant,and *** saponin timosaponin AIII from Anemarrhena asphodeloides has been found to possess antitumor ***,another steroidal sapogenin,has the potential of preventing neurological diseases by affecting different signaling pathways,increasing bone formation,and increasing antithrombotic *** A from Liriope platyphylla possesses anti‑inflammatory,antiasthma,and antiosteoclastogenic ***2 from Trillium tschonoskii exhibits anticancer *** cell cycle arrest and ROS‑dependent autophagy are induced by polyphyllin *** diverse biological activities of steroidal saponins are attributed to the variability of their structural *** of steroidal saponins in plant materials mainly utilizes classically and advances thin layer chromatography(TLC)on normal and reverses‑phase(high‑performance thin‑layer chromatography,densitometric TLC),gas chromatography,LC,UPLC,ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),supercritical fluid chromatography,and HPLC coupled to ultraviolet detector and diode array *** coupled with

关键词： Steroidal saponins Glycosides Antitumour Antioxidant Analytical techniques

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saponins isolated from Schizocapsa plantaginea inhibit human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vivo and in vitro via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2018年第1期16卷 29-40页

作者： SUN Yue-Wen QIU Han-Chen OU Ming-Chun CHEN Run-Li LIANG Gang College of Pharmacy Guangxi Medical University

The underground cane of Schizocapsa plantaginea(Hance) has long been used by Chinese ethnic minority as a constituent of anti-cancer formulae. saponins are abundant secondary metabolic products located in the underground cane of this plant. The potential therapeutic effects of total saponins isolated from Schizocapsa plantaginea(Hance)(SSPH) on human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) were tested in vitro in human liver cancer cell lines, SMMC-7721 and Bel-7404. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were determined using flow cytometry, caspase activation was determined by ELISA, and PARP, cleaved PARP, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) expression and phosphorylation were measured using Western blotting analysis. In vivo anti-HCC effects of SSPH were verified in nude mouse xenograft model. SSPH exerted markedly inhibitory effect on HCC cell proliferation in time-and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, SSPH significantly induced apoptosis through caspase-dependent signaling and arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. These anti-proliferation effects of SSPH were associated with up-regulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(Erk1/2) and c-jun-NH2-kinase-1/2(JNK1/2) and reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Furthermore, inhibitors of ERK, UO126, and JNK, SP600125 inhibited the anti-proliferation effects by SSPH, suggesting that Erk and JNK were the effector molecules in SSPH induced anti-proliferative action. During in vivo experiments, SSPH was found to inhibit xenograft tumor growth in nude mice, with a similar mechanism in vitro. Our study confirmed that SSPH exerted antagonistic effects on human liver cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular mechanisms underlying SSPH action might be closely associated with MAPK signaling pathways. These results indicated that SSPH has potential therapeutic effects on HCC.

关键词： saponins Cancer Liver MAPK Schizocapsa plantaginea

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27-Nor-triterpenoid saponins from Adina rubella

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1998年第5期16卷 442-447页

作者：樊高骏何直升 Shanghai Institute of Matena Medica Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 20003

Three new 27-nor-triterpenoid saponins named rubenorside A (l), rubenorside B (2) and rubenorside C (9) were isolated from the roots of Adina rubella. Their structures were characterized as pyrocincholic acid 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(28→ 1)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), pyrocincholic acid 3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranosyl(28→1)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2) and pyrocincholic acid 3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (28→ 1)-β-D-glucopyranosyl( 1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (S) by spectral methods, especially 2D NMR experiments.

关键词： Adina rubella Rubiaceae saponins

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Semi-synthesis of Several Stigmasterol saponins

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2006年第7期24卷 917-922页

作者：李春霞郭甜甜王鹏管华诗李英霞 Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of the Ministry of Education of China Institute of Marine Drug and Food Ocean Universitv of China. Qingdao Shandong 266003 China

Several stigamasterol saponins were concisely synthesized. Name!y, four monosaccharide （glucopyranose, galactopyranose, xylopyranose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranose）, lactopyranose and chacotriose were couple... 详细信息

关键词： stigmasterol saponins glycosylation

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Transcriptomic analysis in Anemone flaccida rhizomes reveals ancillary pathway for triterpene saponins biosynthesis and differential responsiveness to phytohormones

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019年第2期17卷 131-144页

作者： MO Guo-Yan HUANG Fang FANG Yin HAN Lin-Tao Kayla K.Pennerman BU Li-Jing DU Xiao-Wei Joan W.Bennett YIN Guo-Hua China Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and Prescription Ministry of EducationHubei University of Chinese Medicine Department of Plant Biology and Pathology RutgersThe State University of New Jersey Department of Biology University of New Mexico Department of Pharmacy Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine

Anemone flaccida Fr. Schmidt is a perennial medicinal herb that contains pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins as the major bioactive constituents. In China, the rhizomes are used as treatments for a variety of ailments including arthritis. However, yields of the saponins are low, and little is known about the plant's genetic background or phytohormonal responsiveness. Using one-quarter of the 454 pyrosequencing information from the Roche GS FLX Titanium platform, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to identify 157 genes putatively encoding 26 enzymes involved in the synthesis of the bioactive compounds. It was revealed that there are two biosynthetic pathways of triterpene saponins in A. flaccida. One pathway depends on β-amyrin synthase and is similar to that found in other plants. The second, subsidiary("backburner") pathway is catalyzed by camelliol C synthase and yields β-amyrin as minor byproduct. Both pathways used cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases(CYPs) and family 1 uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases(UGTs) to modify the triterpenoid backbone. The expression of CYPs and UGTs were quite different in roots treated with the phytohormones methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and indole-3-acetic acid. This study provides the first large-scale transcriptional dataset for the biosynthetic pathways of triterpene saponins and their phytohormonal responsiveness in the genus Anemone.

关键词： Anemone flaccida Fr.Schmidt Triterpenoid saponins Biosynthetic pathways Transcriptomic analysis Phytohormonal responsiveness

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Quantification of Panax notoginseng saponins metabolites in rat plasma with in vivo gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation by HPLC-MS/MS

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019年第3期17卷 231-240页

作者： GUO Yin-Ping CHEN Man-Yun SHAO Li ZHANG Wei RAO Tai ZHOU Hong-Hao HUANG Wei-Hua Department of Clinical Pharmacology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics Central South University Department of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy Hunan University of Chinese Medicine

Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) are the major components of Panax notoginseng, with multiple pharmacological activities but poor oral bioavailability. PNS could be metabolized by gut microbiota in vitro, while the exact role of gut microbiota of PNS metabolism in vivo remains poorly understood. In this study, pseudo germ-free rat models were constructed by using broad-spectrum antibiotics to validate the gut microbiota-mediated transformation of PNS in vivo. Moreover, a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for quantitative analysis of four metabolites of PNS, including ginsenoside F1(GF1), ginsenoside Rh2(GRh2), ginsenoside compound K(GCK) and protopanaxatriol(PPT). The results showed that the four metabolites could be detected in the control rat plasma, while they could not be determined in pseudo germ-free rat plasma. The results implied that PNS could not be biotransformed effectively when gut microbiota was disrupted. In conclusion, gut microbiota plays an important role in biotransformation of PNS into metabolites in vivo.

关键词： Panax notoginseng Gut microbiota HPLC-MS/MS saponins Ginsenoside compound K Protopanaxatriol

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Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019年第8期17卷 624-630页

作者： LI Yu-Ze SONG Bei ZHENG Xu-Dong HUANG Wen-Li ZHANG Hua-Wei JIANG Yi YUE Zheng-Gang SONG Xiao-Mei LIU Jian-Li Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization School of Pharmacy Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046 China

Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis,and their structures were determined as tupistrosides J–N(1–5),together with four known furostanol saponins(6–9),on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral *** them,compounds 3 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines SW620 with IC50 values of 72.5±2.4 and 77.3±2.5μmol·L^–1,*** 4 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell line HepG2 with IC50 value of 88.6±2.1μmol·L^–1.

关键词： Tupistra chinensis Liliaceae Furostanol saponins Cytotoxicity

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Composition of Ophiopogon Polysaccharide,Notoginseng Total saponins and Rhizoma Coptid is Alkaloids Inhibits Myocardial Apoptosis in Diabetic Atherosclerosis Rabbits

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第5期26卷 353-360页

作者： JIN Zhao-hui GAO Pu LIU Zheng-tang JIN Bing SONG Guang-yi XIANG Tian-yuan Geriatric Research Center Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medicine SciencesBeijing(100091)China Liaoning Basic Medical Research Institute Shenyang(110005)China

Objective: To investigate the effects of Composition of Ophiopogon polysaccharide, Notoginseng total saponins and Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids(CONR) on myocardial apoptosis of diabetic atherosclerosis(DA) rabbits Methods: Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups [control group, model group, CONR high-dose group(450 mg/kg), CONR medium-dose group(150 mg/kg), CONR low-dose group(50 mg/kg), and simvastatin group] by using a completely random method, 10 in each group. DA model was established by intravenously injected alloxan combined with high-fat diet and abdominal aortic balloon injury. After mediation for 10 weeks, fasting blood glucose(FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin(GHB), glycosylated serum protein(GSP), fructoseamine(FRA), aldose reductase(AR), advanced glycation end products(AGEs) in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method;the expression of receptor of AGEs(RAGE) in myocardial tissue were observed by immunohistochemical method;and p-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK), caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2(bcl-2) protein expression in myocardial tissue were measured by Western blotting. The myocardial apoptosis was detected by Td T-mediated d UTPnick-end labeling(TUNEL) method, and apoptosis index(AI) was calculated. Results: Compared with the control group, serum FBG, GHB, GSP, FRA, AR, AGEs and the expression of myocardium RAGE, p-JNK, caspase-3 proteins, as well as apoptosis index(AI) were significantly increased and bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum FBG, GHB, GSP, FRA and AR showed a significant decline in CONR high-and medium-dose groups(P<0.01). FBG and GHB showed a significant decline in CONR low-dose group(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of serum AGEs and myocardium RAGE, p-JNK and caspase-3 protein as well as AI were significantly decreased and bcl-2 protein was significantly up-regulated in all treatme

关键词： ophiopogon polysaccharide notoginseng total saponins Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids advanced glycation end products p-C-N-Jun teminal kinase diabetic atherosclerosis myocardial apoptosis

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Novel triterpene saponins isolated from Clematis mandshurica and their inhibitory activities on NO production

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2018年第2期16卷 131-138页

作者： FU Qiang YANG Min MA Yu CHEN Jiang YUAN Hai-Mei College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering Chengdu University

Four new triterpene saponins, mandshunosides F–I(1–4), together with five known compounds(5–9), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis mandshurica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and hydrolysis products. Bisdesmosidic saponin(3–9) showed modest suppression of NO production with the inhibition ratios in the range of 51.3%– 64.6% at 50 μmol·L^(-1), whereas monodesmosidic saponins with a free carboxyl group at C-28(1 and 2) showed potent inhibitory activities with IC_(50) values being 12.7 and 8.3 μmol·L^(-1), respectively.

关键词： Clematis mandshurica Triterpene saponins Mandshunosides F—I NO production

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