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Taeniasis vs cysticercosis infection routes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第6期9卷 599-600页

作者： Maria Teresa Galán-Puchades Department of Cell Biology and Parasitology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Valencia

Although cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium(T. solium) is considered a neglected disease, its life cycle has been well known for more than two centuries. T. solium not only causes cysticercosis but also taeniasis in humans. These two diseases have totally different infection routes. To acquire taeniasis(the presence of the adult stage of T. solium in the intestine), humans have to ingest the larval stage(cysticercus) that infects a variety of organs and viscera in pigs, its intermediate hosts. Therefore, taeniasis is acquired when eating raw or undercooked infected pork. The adult stage in the human intestine release eggs that contain a hexacanth embryo, the oncosphere. If humans accidentally ingest the eggs of T. solium, the released oncospheres penetrate the intestine and become cysticerci. Therefore, cysticercosis is acquired by the ingestion of eggs that contaminate water, vegetables, hands etc. These facts should not be forgotten to avoid misinformation in scientific publications.

关键词： Taeniasis Cysticercosis Infection routes

Effect of the synthesis route on the structural and dielectric properties of SrBi1.8Y0.2Nb2O9 ceramics

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第11期25卷 1304-1312页

作者： Mohamed Afqir Amina Tachafine Didier Fasquelle Mohamed Elaatmani Jean-Claude Carru Abdelouahad Zegzouti Mustapha El Hammioui Laboratoire des Sciences des Matériaux Inorganiques et leurs Applications Facultédes Sciences SemlaliaUniversitéCadi AyyadMarrakech 40000Maroc Unite de Dynamique et Structure des Materiaux Moleculaires Universite du Littoral-Cote d’OpaleCalais 62100France Laboratoire de recherche sur la réactivitédes matériaux et l’optimisation des procédés Facultédes Sciences SemlaliaUniversitéCadi Ayyad 40000MarrakechMaroc

This work is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of yttrium-doped SrBi_2Nb_2O_9 ceramics prepared by three methods: solid state reaction, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal. Multiple characterizations, specifically scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), were used to validate the structural feature. The crystallite size was estimated by Scherrer's formula and the Williamson–Hall plot. The effect of the process on the band intensities of the FTIR spectra was investigated. The crystallite size and microstructure of ceramics prepared from different synthesis processes were strongly influenced by the sinterability. SEM images revealed nanograin ceramics for materials prepared by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods and micrograin ceramics prepared by the solid state method. The synthesized compounds underwent phase transitions at 480–465°C. The dielectric and electrical properties of these Y-doped SrBi_2Nb_2O_9 ceramics appear to be dependent on the grain size.

关键词： Aurivillius,synthesis routes crystallite size microstructure dielectric

Total Synthesis of a Hyperbranched N-Linked Hexasaccharide Attached to ATCV-1 Major Capsid Protein without Precedent

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2019年第1期37卷 42-48页

作者： Yong-Shi Wang Yong Wu De-Cai Xiong Xin-Shan Ye State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityXue Yuan Road No.38Beijing 100191China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

Summary of main observation and conclusion The N-glycans attached to some chloroviruses comprise a hyperbranched core structure without precedent.We are interested in the chemical synthesis of the hexasaccharide attached to ATCV-1 (Acanthocystis turfacea Chlorella virus 1)for its distinct structure.After exploring four routes,the target hexasaccharide 2 was successfully synthesized for the first time in overall 10% yield over 8 steps from thioglycoside building blocks.This synthetic protocol is characterized by the three-component one-pot glycosylation and the regioselective glycosylation reactions.The disclosed synthetic approach to this new type of N-glycans will facilitate the in-depth understanding of their biological functions.

关键词： chemical routes functions

On conservation and development of architecture and environment in the construction of large-scale national infrastructure——Exemplified by the Jiangsu Section of the Eastern Route South-to-North Water Diversion Project

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第12期52卷 3613-3625页

作者： DUAN Jin ,LUO JianLi,WANG XingPing,TANG Jun&YU Gang School of Architecture,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China School of Architecture Southeast University Nanjing China

The water-diverting route project’s characteristics,natural landscapes,and histories and humanism of the Jiangsu Section of the Eastern Route South-to-North Water Diversion Project were systemically analyzed through proposing and studying the canal culture routes,the water resources heritage corridors,the landscape and recreation corridors,and the town economic corridors.The station areas along the water-diverting route were scientifically zoned and graded through quantitative and qualitative synthetic methods.Both planning compendiums and construction controlling methods were proposed based on the project grades of points,lines,and areas.Conservation and development of architecture and environment in the large-scale national infrastructure construction were explored systemically.Theories and methods of developing harmonious water-supplying functions,ecological functions,landscape effects,and cultural effects of large-scale water resources were examined.

关键词： Jiangsu Section of Eastern Route South-to-North Water Diversion Project canal culture routes water resources heritage corridors landscape and recreation corridors town economic corridors synthetical zoning and grading

Superconducting Single-Layer T-Graphene and Novel Synthesis routes

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中国物理快报：英文版 2019年第9期36卷 46-63页

作者：顾琴燕邢定钰孙建 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University

Single-layer superconductors are ideal materials for fabricating superconducting nano devices.However,up to date,very few single-layer elemental superconductors have been predicted and especially no one has been successfully synthesized yet.Here,using crystal structure search techniques and ab initio calculations,we predict that a single-layer planar carbon sheet with 4-and 8-membered rings called T-graphene is a new intrinsic elemental superconductor with superconducting critical temperature(Tc)up to around 20.8 K.More importantly,we propose a synthesis route to obtain such a single-layer T-graphene,that is,a T-graphene potassium intercalation compound(C4 K with P4/mmm symmetry)is firstly synthesized at high pressure(>11.5 GPa)and then quenched to ambient condition;and finally,the single-layer T-graphene can be either exfoliated using the electrochemical method from the bulk C4 K,or peeled off from bulk T-graphite C4,where C4 can be obtained from C4 K by evaporating the K atoms.Interestingly,we find that the calculated Tc of C4 K is about 30.4 K at 0 GPa,which sets a new record for layered carbon-based superconductors.The present findings add a new class of carbon-based superconductors.In particular,once the single-layer T-graphene is synthesized,it can pave the way for fabricating superconducting devices together with other 2 D materials using the layer-by-layer growth techniques.

关键词： red Superconducting Single-Layer T-Graphene and Novel Synthesis routes Graphene

Experimental evaluation of an on-demand multipath routing protocol for video transmission in mobile ad hoc networks

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第Z1期7卷 145-150页

作者： TANIYAMA Kenta MORII Takeshi KOIZUMI Shinya NOGUCHI Kazuhiro KOTANI Yukihiro KATTO Jiro Graduate School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555Japan

We propose an on-demand multipath routing algorithm in a mobile ad hoc network for video transmission and evaluate its real world performance in video streaming application. There have been a number of multipath routing protocols extended from AODV which is a well-known single path routing protocol. Multipath routing protocols indicate good performance in the reduction of route discovery latency and unnecessary routing packets in simulations. We show that the route establishment using source route lists provided by us (Hu and Johnson, 2002) can reduce the route discovery latency, select stable routes automatically, and work well for live video streaming without limitation of the hop count based approaches. We evaluate this proposed method compared with the original AODV by using eight laptop PCs and demonstrate live streaming experiments.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks, AODV, Multipath routing, Source routes

Influence of Route-R on wrought magnesium AZ61 alloy mechanical properties through equal channel angular pressing

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2014年第2期2卷 159-164页

作者： Muralidhar Avvari S.Narendranath Department of Mechanical Engineering NITK SurathkalSrinivasanagar575025KarnatakaIndia

A new fundamental route entitled‘Route-R’is introduced to refine the grains in the material through Equal Channel Angular Pressing(ECAP)process.In route R,specimen is inverted to the original position in each ECAP pass.In the present work,AZ61 alloy is processed using ECAP process for three different fundamental routes mainly route A,route Bc,and route R.ECAP experiment is carried out on AZ61 alloy at lower temperature of 483 K up to two passes.Microstructural characterization is evaluated on unECAPed and ECAPed specimens for three routes.Average grain size of the alloy is to be reduced from 66μm to 16μm,14.1μm and 10μm for route A routes Bc,and route R respectively.Vickers microhardness of the alloy is found to be 60 HV for as received material.This microhardness of the alloy is increased to 71 HV,72 HV,and 74 HV for route A,route Bc,and route R respectively.Mechanical properties of the AZ61 alloy are observed to be route R is providing maximum YS,UTS,and percentage elongation than other route A and route Bc.Tensile fracture topography of the specimen is analyzed using three different routes for two passes.

关键词： ECAP routes AZ61 alloy Microstructure Properties

STUDY ON CARGO FLOW PROJECTION IN TUMEN RIVER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AREA

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Chinese Geographical Science 1999年第1期9卷 70-77页

作者：王荣成叶宝明 Department of Geography Northeast Normal University Changchun P. R. China

The paper studies the methodologies of the cargo flow study and projections in Tumen River Economic Development Area(TREDA) that some governments and international scholars used. The authors consider that, in order topromote investment, facilitation of cross-border trade and infrastructure in the region, the basic methodology should bebased on the regional economic growth of pertinent Northeast Asian countries and regions to make projections of the situations of regional cargo flows, and then analyzing the cargo flow trend. Based on the above, the authors utilize the routescomparing model and gravity model to forecast the cargo flows through the ports and related routes in TREDA (2000 -2020). The authors also inquire into the main obstacles which affect the cargo flows of the region, analyze the influenceson cargo flows if the obstacles change with sensitivity analyses and try to find the way to sole the obstacles.

关键词： cargo flow projection routes comparison model gravity model sensitivity analyses

Gravity Survey along the Mizuho Traverse routes, East Antarctica: SEAL Seismic Exploration in 1999-2000

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第10期4卷 1392-1400页

作者： Shigeru Toda Hiroki Miyamachi Hiroshi Murakami Tomoki Tsutsui Masaki Kanao Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Education Aichi University of Education Kariya Japan Faculty of Engineering and Resource Science Akita University Akita Japan National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo Japan Technical Center for Seismological Observations Ltd. Tsukuba Japan

A gravity survey was conducted along the Mizuho traverse routes in austral summer of 1999-2000 by the 41st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-41). The main purpose of the survey was to obtain detail gravity anomaly along the traverse routes, where deep seismic exploration was simultaneously conducted in order to obtain a fine crustal structure of the Mizuho Plateau. By using SCINTREX (CG-3M) gravity meter, the survey was carried out at 160 sites with about 1 km interval in a distance of 190 km from S16 to Z20 on the traverse routes. Free-air and Bouguer anomalies were calculated using precise locations by GPS measurements, by taking into account an effect of the thick icesheet. The furrowed negative Free-air anomalies are identified around H192, where middle points of the whole traverse routes. Two bedrock elevation models derived both by seismic refraction analyses and radio-echo sounding might correspond to the bottom and the top of a mixture layer composed from ice-moraine rocks over the bedrock surface. Thickness of the crust estimated by Bouguer anomalies is 0.5 - 1 km larger toward inland at the terminal point of Z20 along the profile.

关键词： Gravity Survey Mizuho Traverse routes Bedrock Elevation Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Crustal Structure