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The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1879-1896页

作者： Hanzhu Gu Xian Wang Minhao Zhang Wenjiang Jing Hao Wu Zhilin Xiao Weiyang Zhang Junfei Gu Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Jianhua Zhang Jianchang Yang Hao Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaizhou 225300China State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloonHong Kong 999077China

Integrative cultivation practices(ICPs)are essential for enhancing cereal yield and resource use efficiency.However,the effects of ICP on the rhizosphere environment and roots of paddy rice are still poorly understood.In this study,four rice varieties were produced in the field.Each variety was treated with six different cultivation techniques,including zero nitrogen application(0 N),local farmers’practice(LFP),nitrogen reduction(NR),and three progressive ICP techniques comprised of enhanced fertilizer N practice and increased plant density(ICP1),a treatment similar to ICP1 but with alternate wetting and moderate drying instead of continuous flooding(ICP2),and the same practices as ICP2 with the application of organic fertilizer(ICP3).The ICPs had greater grain production and nitrogen use efficiency than the other three methods.Root length,dry weight,root diameter,activity of root oxidation,root bleeding rate,zeatin and zeatin riboside compositions,and total organic acids in root exudates were elevated with the introduction of the successive cultivation practices.ICPs enhanced nitrate nitrogen,the activities of urease and invertase,and the diversity of microbes(bacteria)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil,while reducing the ammonium nitrogen content.The nutrient contents(ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus,nitrate,and available phosphorus)and urease activity in rhizosphere soil were reduced in all treatments in comparison with the non-rhizosphere soil,but the invertase activity and bacterial diversity were greater.The main root morphology and physiology,and the ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere soil at the primary stages were closely correlated with grain yield and internal nitrogen use efficiency.These findings suggest that the coordinated enhancement of the root system and the environment of the rhizosphere under integrative cultivation approaches may lead to higher rice production.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) nitrogen use efficiency grain yield integrative cultivation practices roots

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Molecular analyses display the increasing diversity of Podostemaceae in China

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 421-424页

作者： Zhi-Zhong Li Zhun Xu Shuang Wu Lang-Xing Yuan Chun-Yu Zou Yan Liu Jian-Yong Lin Shi-Chu Liang Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University) Ministry of EducationGuilin 541006China Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Guangxi Association for Science and Technology Nanning 530023China Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China Guangxi Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilin 541006China Guangxi Forestry Research Institute Nanning 530028China

Podostemaceae(riverweed family),one of the largest aquatic plant families in the world,comprises about 350 species in 51 genera placed in three subfamilies,Podostemoideae,Weddellinoideae,and Tristichoideae(Koi et al.,2022).Most Podostemaceae genera(~38)are monotypic or oligotypic,with a high level of endemism(Koi et al.,2018,2022).Members of Podostemaceae adhere to rocks in fast-flowing rivers,streams,or waterfalls in the subtropics and tropics(Koi et al.,2018).As an adaptation to fastrunning currents,the morphological structure of river-weeds tends to be extremely reduced,including a loss or reduction of primary shoots or roots(Koi and Kato,2007).The vegetative mass of these plants resembles lichens or bryophytes,and are thus known commonly as“dream bryophytes”(Philbrick and Retana,1998).Podostemaceae plants flower when the water level drops during the dry season.In recent years,anthropogenic factors and climate change have severely affected river weed habitats,decreasing populations of these plants.

关键词： roots season habitat

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Putrescine Modulates Cadmium Fixation Ability of Cell Wall to Decrease Cadmium Accumulation in Rice,a Process Might Depend on Nitric Oxide

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Rice science 2024年第3期31卷 237-240,I0002-I0007页

作者： WANG Haoyu LI Su YANG Jibo HUANG Jing ZHU Xiaofang SHEN Renfang ZENG Dali College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of ScienceNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Although putrescine(PUT)has been linked to plants'responses to cadmium(Cd)stress,the exact mechanism is still elusive.In the current investigation,the endogenous PUT concentration in rice roots was enhanced by Cd stress.Exogenous PUT increased root cell wall hemicellulose levels,which in turn increased its Cd binding capacity,concurrently decreasing the transcription level of genes such as OsNRAMP1 and OsCd1 that are responsible for root Cd absorption.As a result。

关键词： absorption roots cadmium

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roots dOdge streSs

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Molecular Plant 2023年第12期16卷 1885-1886页

作者： Stephan Clemens Department of Plant Physiology University of BayreuthUniversitatsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany

A hallmark of plant development is plasticity.Root system architecture modulation in response to fluctuations of nutrient and water supply is a case in point(Giehl et al.,2014).The formation and length of lateral roots or the density of root hairs are strongly influenced by the availability of macro-and micronutrients.roots actively forage for mineral-rich patches in the typically heterogeneous soil environment and adjust their development systemically to increase the surface for nutrient uptake.Apparently,the opposite can happen as well.A recent study by Wang et al.(2023)convincingly demonstrated an active avoidance of unfavorable conditions by rice roots.When the seminal root of rice seedlings was placed between two agar blocks,one of them containing cations at toxic concentrations,adventitious roots developed only on the non-stress side,while development on the stress side was arrested(Figure 1).Besides,far more lateral roots were formed than in the absence of asymmetrically applied stress.After a while,this resulted in a total root biomass equivalent to that of control seedlings.The roots,in other words,had successfully shifted away from the stressful environment.

关键词： soil roots Figure

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CG hypermethylation of the bHLH39 promoter regulates its expression and Fe deficiency responses in tomato roots

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Horticulture Research 2023年第7期10卷 125-137页

作者： Huihui Zhu Guanghao Han Jiayi Wang Jiming Xu Yiguo Hong Li Huang Shaojian Zheng Jianli Yang Weiwei Chen State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China Laboratory of Cell&Molecular Biology Institute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Iron(Fe)is an essential micronutrient for all organisms,including plants,whose limited bioavailability restricts plant growth,yield,and nutritional quality.While the transcriptional regulation of plant responses to Fe deficiency have been extensively studied,the contribution of epigenetic modulations,such as DNA methylation,remains poorly understood.Here,we report that treatment with a DNA methylase inhibitor repressed Fe deficiency-induced responses in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)roots,suggesting the importance of DNA methylation in regulating Fe deficiency responses.Dynamic changes in the DNA methylome in tomato roots responding to short-term(12 hours)and long-term(72 hours)Fe deficiency identified many differentially methylated regions(DMRs)and DMR-associated genes.Most DMRs occurred at CHH sites under short-term Fe deficiency,whereas they were predominant at CG sites following long-term Fe deficiency.Furthermore,no correlation was detected between the changes in DNA methylation levels and the changes in transcript levels of the affected genes under either short-term or long-term treatments.Notably,one exception was CG hypermethylation at the bHLH39 promoter,which was positively correlated with its transcriptional induction.In agreement,we detected lower CG methylation at the bHLH39 promoter and lower bHLH39 expression in MET1-RNA interference lines compared with wild-type seedlings.Virus-induced gene silencing of bHLH39 and luciferase reporter assays revealed that bHLH39 is positively involved in the modulation of Fe homeostasis.Altogether,we propose that dynamic epigenetic DNA methylation in the CG context at the bHLH39 promoter is involved in its transcriptional regulation,thus contributing to the Fe deficiency response of tomato.

关键词： roots homeostasis treatment

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Single-cell transcriptome atlas reveals spatiotemporal developmental trajectories in the basal roots of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

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Horticulture Research 2023年第8期10卷 59-71页

作者： Zhanchao Cheng Changhong Mu Xiangyu Li Wenlong Cheng Miaomiao Cai Chongyang Wu Jutang Jiang Hui Fang Yucong Bai Huifang Zheng Ruiman Geng Junlei Xu Yali Xie Yuping Dou Juan Li Shaohua Mu Jian Gao Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo&Rattan Science and Technology International Center for Bamboo and RattanBeijing 100102China

roots are essential for plant growth and development.Bamboo is a large Poaceae perennial with 1642 species worldwide.However,little is known about the transcriptional atlas that underpins root cell-type differentiation.Here,we set up a modified protocol for protoplast preparation and report single-cell transcriptomes of 14279 filtered single cells derived from the basal root tips of moso bamboo.We identified four cell types and defined new cell-type-specific marker genes for the basal root.We reconstructed the developmental trajectories of the root cap,epidermis,and ground tissues and elucidated critical factors regulating cell fate determination.According to in situ hybridization and pseudotime trajectory analysis,the root cap and epidermis originated from a common initial cell lineage,revealing the particularity of bamboo basal root development.We further identified key regulatory factors for the differentiation of these cells and indicated divergent root developmental pathways between moso bamboo and rice.Additionally,PheWOX13a and PheWOX13b ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis inhibited primary root and lateral root growth and regulated the growth and development of the root cap,which was different from WOX13 orthologs in Arabidopsis.Taken together,our results offer an important resource for investigating the mechanism of root cell differentiation and root system architecture in perennial woody species of Bambusoideae.

关键词： inhibited roots bamboo

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Matrine, oxymatrine, and compound Kushen injection from the roots of Sophora flavescens: an overview of their anticancer activities

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022年第5期31卷 321-333页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University56000 CherasKuala LumpurMalaysia School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University MalaysiaBandar Sunsuria43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems(ISME) Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0129Japan

In the present review,we updated current information on the chemistry,contents,and anticancer properties of matrine(MT),oxymatrine(OMT),and compound Kushen injection(CKI).The anticancer properties were focused on lung,breast,and liver cancer cells because they are most susceptible.Sources of information were from Google,Google Scholar,PubMed,PubMed Central,Science Direct,PubChem,J-Stage,Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).Reference was also made on botanical websites,such as Flora of China and World Flora Online.MT and OMT are dominant quinolizidine alkaloids from the roots of Sophora flavescens(Kushen)of the family Fabaceae.Against lung,breast,and liver cancer cells,MT and OMT inhibit cell proliferation;induce cell cycle arrest,apoptosis,and autophagy;restrict angiogenesis;and inhibit cell metastasis,invasion,and migration.The processes involve various molecular targets and signaling pathways.CKI is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)composed of root extracts of S.flavescens and Smilax glabra(Baituling)of the family Smilacaceae.With MT and OMT as major components,CKI has been approved for the treatment of cancer in China more than 20 years ago.In recent years,systematic reviews and meta-analysis have been undertaken to evaluate the anticancer effects of CKI.When CKI is used alone and in combination with chemotherapy of western medicine,there is much to be learned concerning their interactions besides their individual and integrated efficacy.Some perspectives of MT,OMT,and CKI are discussed,and their suggestions for future research are provided.

关键词： injection invasion roots

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Hormones and carbohydrates synergistically regulate the formation of swollen roots in a Chinese cabbage translocation line

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Horticulture Research 2023年第8期10卷 44-58页

作者： Xiaojing Ren Wei Ma Shuxin Xuan Dandan Li Yanhua Wang Yuanchao Xu Daling Feng Jianjun Zhao Xueping Chen Shuangxia Luo Shuxing Shen Aixia Gu State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of HebeiCollaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in HebeiCollege of HorticultureHebei Agricultural University071000 BaodingChina

The genus Brassica contains a rich diversity of species and morphological types,including leaf,root,and oil crops,all of which show substantial phenotypic variation.Both Chinese cabbage and cabbage are typical leaf-type crops with normal roots.We created translocation lines based on interspecific crosses between Chinese cabbage and cabbage and identified qdh225,which exhibited a swollen-root phenotype.The swollen root of qdh225 contained a large number of granular substances,and the formation of its irregular morphological tissue was caused by a thickening of the phloem.Transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that differential expression of genes encoding nine types of enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism caused changes in starch synthesis and degradation in the swollen root.These genes jointly regulated sucrose and starch levels,leading to significant enrichment of starch and soluble proteins in the swollen root and a reduction in the content of soluble sugars such as d-glucose and trehalose 6-phosphate.A significant increase in auxin(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents and a decrease in gibberellin(GA)content in the swollen root likely promoted the differential expression of genes associated with hormone signal transduction,thereby regulating the development of the swollen root.Taken together,our data suggest that accumulation of IAA and ABA and reduction in GA promote swollen root formation by regulating hormone-mediated signaling,leading to a thickening of phloem,root enlargement,and substantial accumulation of starch and soluble proteins.The latter provide materials,energy,and nutrient sources for the development of swollen roots.

关键词： crops roots synergistic

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Three new lignan glucosides from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第3期6卷 229-233页

作者： Hailin Long Haijing Zhang Anjun Deng Lin Ma Lianqiu Wu Zhihong Li Zhihui Zhang Wenjie Wang Jiandong Jiang Hailin Qin State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College

Three new lignan glucosides, baicalensinosides A–C(1–3), were isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis. The structural elucidation was achieved by in-depth spectroscopic examinations and qualitative chemical test. Structurally, these compounds belong to the 3,4-dibenzyltetrahydrofurantype lignan glycoside with a mono-hydroxyl substitution at the 70-position of benzylidene group on the numbering system of lignans being one of their shared critical features. The anti-osteoporotic activity of the isolated compounds was assessed in an in vitro osteoprotegerin(OPG) transcriptional activity assay using dual luciferase reporter detection. At 10 μmol/L, compounds 1–3 increased the relative activating ratio of OPG transcription to 1.83, 0.84 and 0.98 times that of the control group, respectively.

关键词： Scutellaria baicalensis roots Labiatae Lignan glucoside Baicalensinosides A–C 3 4-Dibenzyltetrahydrofuran Osteoprotegerin-activating activity Anti-osteoporotic activity

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roots extracts of Adenophora triphylla var.japonica improve obesity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第11期8卷 879-886页

作者： Dong-Ryung Lee Young-Sil Lee Bong-Keun Choi Hae Jin Lee Sung-Bum Park Tack-Man Kim Han Jin Oh Seung Hwan Yang Joo-Won Suh NutraPham Tech Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials Myongji University Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation Myongji University DONG IL Pharmtec Department of Family Medicine.VIEVIS NAMUH Hospital

Objective:To investigate the anti-obesity activity and the action mechanism of the roots of Adenophora triphylla var.japonica extract(ATE) in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-LI adipocytes.Methods:The roots of Ademption triphylla were extracted with 70%ethanol.To demonstrate the compounds,linoleic acid was analyzed by using gas chromatography:and the anti-obesity effects and possible mechanisms of ATE were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese mice.Results:Treatment with ATE inhibited the lipid accumulation without cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Furthermore,200 and 400 mg/kg ATE treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain,white adipose tissues(WATs) weight and plasma triglyceride level,while 100 and 200 mg/kg ATE treatment increased the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the HFD-induced obese mice,as compared with the HFD group.Treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg ATE also lowered the size of adipocytes in adipose tissue and reduced the lipid accumulation in liver.ATE treatment showed significantly lower expression level of adipogenesis-relatcd proteins,such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y,fatty acid binding protein(aP2),fatty acid synthase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes;and furthermore,decreased peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ,aP2,fatty acid synthase,sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c,and lipoprotein lipase mRNA expression levels in WAT of the HFD-induced obese mice.Conclusions:These results suggested that the ATE has an anti-obesity effect,which may be elicited by regulating the expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes and proteins in adipocytes and WAT of the HFD-induced obese mice.

关键词： roots of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extrac

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