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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第9期14卷 1297-1301页

作者： Yan-Xian Chen Chi-Mei Liao Zachary Tan Ming-Guang He State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen 518000Guangdong ProvinceChina Centre for Eye Research Australia University of MelbourneRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourne 3010Australia

myopia has become a major visual disorder among school-aged children in East Asia due to its rising prevalence over the past few decades and will continue to be a leading health issue with an annual incidence as high as 20%-30%.Although various interventions have been proposed for myopia control,consensus in treatment strategies has yet to be fully *** and orthokeratology stand out for their effectiveness in myopia progression control,but children with rapid progression of myopia require treatment with higher concentrations of atropine that are associated with increased rates of side effects,or with orthokeratology that carries risk of significant ***,improved risk assessment for myopia onset and progression in children is critical in clinical *** traditional prediction models based on genetic effects and environmental exposures within populations,individualized prediction using machine learning and data based on age-specific refraction is *** emerging treatments for myopia are promising and some have been incorporated into clinical practice,identifying populations who require and benefit from intervention remains the most important initial step for clinical practice.

关键词： myopia control prediction intervention

Review on current concepts of myopia and its control strategies

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第4期14卷 606-615页

作者： Raju Kaiti Ranjila Shyangbo Indra Prasad Sharma Manish Dahal Nepal Eye Hospital Kathmandu 44600Nepal National Academy of Medical Sciences Kathmandu 44600Nepal Gyalyum Kesang Choeden Wangchuck National Eye Center JDW National Referral HospitalThimpu 11001Bhutan

myopia poses a significant burden on the healthcare system,economy and quality of *** is an emerging global public health challenge and requires interventions to delay or stop onset and *** changing times and evidence,the concepts of myopia are changing along with the treatment and control *** modifications including increased outdoors time and reduced near work,optical and pharmaceutical management options are *** paper presents a current overview on the concepts of myopia,and is expected to summarize updates on myopia control methods.

关键词： atropine myopia myopia control myopic maculopathy public health

Scleral remodelling in myopia and its manipulation:a review of recent advances in scleral strengthening and myopia control

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期3卷 29-43页

作者： Simon Backhouse Alex Gentle School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia

The biological mechanisms of eye growth and refractive development are increasingly well characterised,a result of many careful studies that have been carried out over many *** the outer coat of the eye,the sclera has the ultimate impact on the restraint or facilitation of eye growth,thus any changes in its biochemistry,ultrastructure,gross morphology and/or biomechanical properties are critical in refractive error development and,in particular,the development of *** current review briefly revisits our basic understanding of the structure and biomechanics of the sclera and how these are regulated and modified during eye growth and myopia *** review then applies this knowledge in considering recent advances in our understanding of how the mechanisms of scleral remodelling may be manipulated or controlled,in order to constrain eye growth and limit the development of myopia,in particular the higher degrees of myopia that lead to vision loss and *** doing so,the review specifically considers recent approaches to the strengthening of the sclera,through collagen cross-linking,scleral transplantation,implantation or injection of biomaterials,or the direct therapeutic targeting and manipulation of the biochemical mechanisms known to be involved in myopia *** latest approaches to the control of scleral changes in myopia are,where possible,placed in the context of our understanding of scleral biology,in order to bring a more complete understanding of current and future therapeutic interventions in myopia,and their consequences.

关键词： myopia sclera myopia control scleral strengthening

Orthokeratology for myopia control: an optometrist’s view

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Helen A.Swarbrick School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Orthokeratology(OK)is a clinical technique that uses reverse geometry design rigid contact lenses to reshape the corneal profile and modify its refractive power during overnight lens wear in order to correct refractive error *** achieves its reshaping effect through thinning of the central corneal *** raises concerns about the safety of this modality particularly in terms of microbial keratitis(MK).Since the mid 2000’s,with our increasing understanding of modifiable risk factors for MK in OK the prevalence of MK appears to have reduced *** is now clear that the relative risk of MK in overnight OK is equivalent to other modalities of contact lens wear,provided that safe practice is followed in terms of lens fitting,wear and *** OK was originally used predominantly for correction of low to moderate myopic refractive error,its use for myopia control have become more common in recent *** follows on from published clinical trials demonstrating an average of approximately 45%reduction in axial eye elongation when overnight OK is used in progressive myopic *** there is significant individual variability in efficacy,and one of the current challenges for OK in myopia control is to identify those children who will benefit most from this particular *** OK lens parameters to customise corneal reshaping for enhanced myopia control efficacy also remains a significant challenge for the future of this modality.

关键词： Orthokeratology myopia control myopia correction reverse geometry lenses microbial keratitis axial eye growth individual variability

A review of mechanism of action of outdoor exposure in preventing myopia incidence and progression

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 1144-1155页

作者： Chikezie Grand Ihesiulor Khaled Alzahrani Hema Rhadhakrishnan Division of Pharmacy&Optometry School of Health SciencesFaculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Ophthalmology King Fahad Armed Forces HospitalJeddah 23311Saudi Arabia

Various studies have suggested several environmental,pharmacological,medical,and optical interventions and some are in use but their efficacy in myopia control may be transient,and the cellular,molecular,and biochemical mechanisms involved *** exposure is currently regarded as an effective and enduring strategy in the control of myopia development and ***,the mechanism behind the effect of outdoor exposure and its association with genetic predisposition and other relatively more significant environmental factors on myopia is still a *** review focuses on survey-based and intervention-based studies carried out to propose a mechanism that accounts for myopia development and important for its control.

关键词： outdoor exposure daylight exposure myopia control myopia

Measurement of the peripheral aberrations of human eyes:A comprehensive review

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2020年第2期3卷 53-68页

作者： Yanbo Zhao Fengzhou Fang Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology(MNMT-Dublin) University College DublinDublin 4Ireland State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology(MNMT)Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

It has been nearly 50 years since the first glimpse of the relationship between myopia and peripheral refractive errors. According to experiments on both animals and humans, the eyes with hyperopic peripheral vision appear to be at higher risk of developing myopia than those with myopic peripheral refractive errors. Despite the first measurement of peripheral refraction being achieved by a modified manual optometer, the concept of emmetropization triggered a rapidly increasing number of studies on peripheral aberrations. Not only the horizontal off-axis aberrations but also the meridional aberrations at different angles are measured by researchers during the development of peripheral aberrations measuring techniques. According to the differences among the working principles, a variety of techniques have been adopted for performing such measurements. The methods developed to realize the high-performance measurement involve the subject cooperating actively by rotating the head or eyes, the rotation of the whole optical path, and the combination of measurements of many light paths. This paper provides a review of the peripheral aberrations measuring techniques and their current status. This article also highlights the development trend of the measuring techniques of peripheral aberrations and practical applications of peripheral aberration measurements, such as the control of the accommodation, the measuring time, and the dynamic range problem of the wavefront sensor. Although wavefront sensing peripheral measurement is widely recognized for its capability to reveal both lower-order aberrations and higher-order aberrations, the efficiency of an autorefractometer is incomparable. The current study reveals that the most widely used peripheral aberration measurement methods are the use of an open field autorefractometer and Hartman-shack wavefront sensor-based techniques.

关键词： Peripheral aberrations myopia control Open field autorefractometer Hartman-shack wavefront sensor-based techniques

Short term effect of choroid thickness in the horizontal meridian detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in myopic children after orthokeratology

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第6期11卷 991-996页

作者： Wan-Qing Jin Sheng-Hai Huang Jun Jiang Xin-Jie Mao Mei-Xiao Shen Yan Lian Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325027 Zhejiang Province China Optometry Academy of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325027 Zhejiang Province China

AIM： To investigate choroidal thickness changes in the horizontal meridian after orthokeratology. METHODS： This is a prospective cross-sectional observed study. Subjects （n=30; 11.3±1.7y） with low-to-moderate myopia （-1.0 to -6.0 diopters）, wore orthokeratology （Ortho-K） lenses for 3mo. Before and after Ortho-K, OCT scans were made through the fovea in the horizontal meridian. Choroid thickness around the fovea was acquired by custom software. The analyzed regions along the horizontal meridian were divided into 7 equal zones. Ocular parameters were measured by Lenstar LS 900 non-contact biometry. RESULTS： Only the right eye ocular parameters were analyzed in this study. Before Ortho-K, choroidal thickness along the horizontal meridian was 273.7±31.8 μm in the temporal zone, 253.1±38.6 μm in the macula zone, and 194.8±52.2 μm in the nasal zone. After Ortho-K, the choroid was thicker in each horizontal zone （P〈0.05）. The increased thickness was greatest in the temporal zone （13.5±22.5 μm） and least in the nasal zone （8.4±14.2 μm）. The axial length （AL） increased 0.02 mm （P〉0.05）. The choroid thickness change in each horizontal zone was negatively correlated with AL （r, -0.3 to -0.4; P〈0.05） except one of the nasal zones. CONCLUSION： In myopic children, the thickness of the choroid is greatest in the temporal zone and thinnest in the nasal zone. After nightly Ortho-K for 3mo, the thickness increase along the horizontal meridian. The choroid thickness changes are negatively correlated with the change of AL.

关键词： choroid thickness myopia control optical coherence tomography orthokeratology

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81800869 to Xiaoning Yu).

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2021年第2期1卷 15-19页

作者： Maureen Valerie Boost Sin Wan Cheung Pauline Cho Centre for myopia Research School of OptometryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina

Purpose:To determine organisms present in the conjunctiva of children before and after orthokeratology lens wear,using MALDI-TOF mass ***:Conjunctival samples were collected from children aged 8–12 years(inclusive)at baseline and on three occasions over the first six months of orthokeratology *** lenses were disinfected using the povidone iodine-based solution every day after *** were cultured and all isolated colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF mass *** of organisms and diversity were compared over the study period and the presence of any ocular pathogens noted and participants informed,where appropriate,to enhance their compliance with lens care ***:Organisms isolated from 76 children were generally similar to other studies employing culture ***,MALDI-TOF results yielded a wider range of species of micrococci and corynebacteria,as well as a few less frequently reported *** one culture yielded *** pathogens were only isolated from 9 subjects(4 before lens wear and 5 after lens wear),each on one occasion *** and numbers of organisms fell slowly over the period of the study,but the changes were not ***:Lens wear did not affect the overall content of the ocular microbiome,but the diversity was somewhat *** incidence of ocular pathogens was low,suggesting that risk of ocular infection was not substantially increased by orthokeratology treatment using a povidone-iodine disinfecting solution.

关键词： Ocular microbiome myopia control MALDI-TOF Orthokeratology Children