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Increased locomotor activity in estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats is associated with nucleus accumbens dopamine and is not reduced by dietary sodium deprivation

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 783-794页

作者： Enith ESPINOSA Kathleen S.CURTIS Oklahoma State University-Center for Health Sciences TulsaOklahomaUSA

Estrogens are well known to increase locomotor activity in laboratory rodents;however,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.We used voluntary wheel running by female rats as an index of locomotor behavior to investigate this issue.We first determined whether the estrogen-induced increase in locomotion was susceptible to inhibition by a physiological challenge,and next whether it was associated with dopaminergic activation in the central reward area,nucleus accumbens.Ovariectomized rats were given estradiol or the oil vehicle and housed in cages with or without running wheels.All rats were given regular rodent chow for 1 week,a sodium-deficient diet for the next week,and then were returned to a regular diet for another week.At the end of the last week,all rats were killed,brains were extracted and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens were measured.As expected,estradiol treatment increased distance run.Surprisingly,dietary sodium deprivation further increased running,but this appeared to be related to experience with wheel running,rather than to sodium deprivation,per se.Dopamine was greater in the nucleus accumbens of estradiol-treated rats that ran compared to all other groups.Thus,the estrogen-induced increase in locomotion is a robust phenomenon that is not inhibited by a body sodium challenge and is associated with elevated levels of dopamine in reward pathways.These findings raise the possibility that the estrogen-induced increase in locomotor activity,which occurs during a hormonal milieu conducive to reproduction,may reflect mate-seeking behavior and,thereby,maximize reproductive success.

关键词： locomotor activity reproductive hormones reward pathways

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A novel small-animal locomotor activity recording device for biological clock research

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 71-76页

作者： Yi-Long Wu Ming Zhong Jun Yin Wei-Jie Ou Yu-Bin Zhuang Nan-Wen Zhang Su Lin Yue-Yong Zhu Endoscopy Center The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina Chuangke Workshop Technology Co. LtdShenzhenChina Department of Digestive Nutrition Fujian Children's HospitalFuzhouChina Experimental Animal Center Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina Department of Pharmacology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina Department of Hepatology Hepatology Research InstituteClinical Research Center for Liver and Intestinal Diseases of Fujian ProvinceThe First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina

The rodent running-wheel recording apparatus is a reliable approach for studying cir-cadian rhythm.This study demonstrated how to construct a simple and intelligent running-wheel recording system.The running wheel was attached to the cage's base,whereas the Hall sensor was attached to the cage's cover.Then,the RJ25 adaptor relayed the running signal to the main control board.Finally,the main control board was connected to the USB port of the computer with the USB connection.Data were collected using the online-accessible,self-created software Magturning.Through Magturning,generated data were saved and exported in real time.Afterward,the device was validated by collecting data on the locomotor activities of mice under dif-ferent light conditions.In conclusion,this new device can record circadian activity of rodents.Our device is appropriate for interdisciplinary investigations related to biological clock research.

关键词： biological clock circadian rhythm intelligent equipment locomotor activity running wheel

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1-Stepholidine targeting at D1/D2 receptors decreases locomotor activity and induces sleep in mice

1-Stepholidine targeting at D1/D2 receptors decreases locomo...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第七届全国学术会议

作者： Mei-Hong QIU,Xiao-Fang YUE,Zhi-Li HUANG State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology,Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China

＜正＞1-Stepholidine（SPD）,an active ingredient of the Chinese herb Stephonia,is the first compound known to have mixed D1 agonist/D2 antagonist properties,and growing evidence shows that the actions of dopamine on locomotor activity and sleep/waking were proposed to be mediated by D1 and D2 receptors.To elucidate whether SPD modulates the sleep/wake cycle,we observed the effects of SPD on locomotor activity and sleep/waking in mice through an infrared monitor device and highly efficient mouse sleep bioassay system.The results showed that SPD administrated i.***.decreased the locomotor activity of mice in a dose dependent manner.Administration of SPD at 40 or 80 mg/kg significantly increased the total time spent in sleep during dark period,and prolonged durations of non-rapid eye movement（NREM） sleep episodes,with a concomitant reduction in amount of wakefulness.But only at a dose of 80 mg/kg,SPD increased the number of state transitions from NREM sleep to wakefulness and,subsequently,from wakefulness to NREM sleep.SPD rendered no effect on rapid eye movement sleep.These results demonstrated that SPD inhibits behavioral arousal, together with an augment of NREM sleep and a reduction of wakefulness in mice,which may be mediated through D1 and D2 receptors.

关键词： 1-stepholidine dopamine receptor antagonist sleep locomotor activity

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Differential Effects of Valproic Acid on Immobility Responses and locomotor activity in Female and Male Rats

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2017年第10期8卷 339-353页

作者： Oscar Morales-Dionisio Fidel de la Cruz Margarita Franco-Colin Oriana Hidalgo-Alegria Gonzalo Flores JoseLuna-Munoz Linda Garces-Ramirez Departamento de Fisiologia Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiologicasInstituto Politecnico NacionalCiudad de MexicoMexico Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatria Instituto de FisiologiaBenemerita Universidad Autonoma de PueblaPueblaMexico Departamento de Fisiologia Biofisica y NeurocienciasCentro de Investigacion de Estudios Avanzados del InstitutoPolitecnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMexico

Valproic acid (VPA) is used in the treatment of epilepsy and behavioral disorders. However, the exposure to VPA during pregnancy increases the risk of having offspring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reports indicate that men are more likely to suffer ASD than women who were exposed to VPA prenatally. Few studies have related the sex differences and behavioral changes in the ASD rat model. Our aim was to determinate whether male and female Wistar rats whose mothers were exposed to either VPA (600 mg/kg;animal model for ASD) or saline (0.9%) i.p. at 12.5 day of gestation, have different effects on immobility induce by clamping (IC), dorsal immobility (DI), catalepsy, locomotor activity, stereotypes, and analgesia (tail flick). For this purpose, we made four groups (n = 8). Group: A) saline male rats, B) saline female rats, C) VPA male rats and D) VPA female rats. At 35 (prepubertal age), 56 (postpubertal age) and 180 days, we tested the behaviors previously mentioned. Finding that VPA has the same effect on IC, catalepsy, and analgesia in male and female rats, the time of these tests was increased. However, VPA only has an effect on DI in males but not in female rats. On the contrary, there is hyperactivity and an increase of stereotypes in female but not in male rats. Thereby, VPA has an effect on the three immobility responses tested (IC, DI and catalepsy), locomotor activity and analgesia but in a differential way on DI, stereotypes and locomotor activity between male and female rats.

关键词： Autism Immobility Responses Animal Model for ASD locomotor activity Valproic Acid

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Knockout of cryptochrome 1 disturbs the locomotor circadian rhythm and development of Plutella xylostella

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Insect Science 2023年第4期30卷 1035-1045页

作者： Shao-Ping Chen Dan-Feng Wang Wei-Feng Ma Xiao-Lu Lin Guang Yang State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest ControlforFujan and Taiwan Crops Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control Ministry of EducationFuzhouChina Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Center for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops Ministry of AgricultureFuzhouChina Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University) Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina

Cryptochrome 1(CRY1)functions as a light-responsive photoreceptor,which is crucial for circadian rhythms.The identity and function of CRY1 in Plutella xylostella remain unknown.In this study,cryl was cloned and identified in P xylostella.Then,a cry1-knockout strain(Cry1-KO)of P xylostella with a 2-bp deletion was established from the strain Geneva 88(G88)using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.No daily temporal os-cillation of cryl was observed in G88 and Cry1-KO,and cryl mean daily transcription of Cry1-KO was lower than that of G88.Both G88 and Cry1-KO demonstrated rhythmic locomotion under the light/dark condition with Cryl-KO being more active than G88 in the daytime,whereas Cry1-KO completely lost rhythmicity under constant darkness.The developmental period of pre-adult of Cry1-KO was longer than that of G88;the lifespan of the Cry1-KO male adult was shorter than that of G88;the fecundity of Cry1-KO was lower than that of G88;and Cry1-KO showed lower intrinsic rate of increase(r),net repro-duction rate(Ro),finite increase rate(a),and longer mean generation time(T)than G88.Our results indicate that cryl is involved in the regulation of locomotor circadian rhythm and development in P xylostella,providing a potential target gene for controlling the pest and a basis for further investigation on circadian rhythms in lepidopterans.

关键词： circadian rhythm cryptochrome 1 lifespan locomotor activity Plutella xylostella reproduction

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Daily activity rhythms, chronotypes, and risk-taking behavior in the signal crayfish

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 177-183页

作者： Valerio SBRAGAGLIA Thomas BREITHAUPT Department of Marine Renewable Resources Marine Science Institute(ICM-CSIC)Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta3708003 BarcelonaSpain Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes Leibniz-lnstitute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesMüggelseedamm 31012587 BerlinGermany Department of Biological and Marine Sciences University of HullCottingham RoadHull HU67RXUK

Consistent inter-individual differences in daily activity rhythms(i.e.,chronotypes)can have ecological consequences in determining access to food resources and avoidance of predators.The most common measure to characterize chronotypes in animals as well as humans is the onset of activity(i.e.,early or late chronotypes).However,daily activity rhythms may also differ in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.Moreover,chronotypes may also be linked to other consistent inter-individual differences in behavior(i.e.,personality),such as the propensity to take risks.Here,we used the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculusto test the presence of chronotypes and risk-taking personality traits and a potential behavioral syndrome between these traits.We first exposed crayfish to 5 days of light-darkness to measure daily activity rhythms and then we applied a visual predator-simulating stimulus in 2 different contexts(neutral and food).Our results showed consistent(i.e.,across 5 days)inter-individual differences in the relative nocturnal activity displayed in the early and middle,but not in the late part of darkness hours.Moreover,while crayfish displayed inter-individual differences in risk-taking behavior,these were not found to be consistent across 2 contexts.Therefore,we were not able to formally test a behavioral syndrome between these 2 traits.In conclusion,our study provides the first evidence of chronotypes in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.This could be a valuable information for applied ecological aspects related to the signal crayfish,which is a major invasive species of freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome biological rhythms boldness feeding locomotor activity

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An Efficient and Reliable Assay for Investigating the Effects of Hypoxia/Anoxia on Drosophila

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第2期34卷 397-402页

作者： Yiling Xia Wangchao Xu Shiquan Meng Nastasia K.H.Lim Wenan Wang Fu-De Huang Department of Neurology Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Department of Neurology Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Institute of Neuroscience University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Advanced Research Institute University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Up to one thousand potential drugs or interventions have been developed to treat stroke, out of which;60 have gone on to clinical trials. However, none of them has been successful. New insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ischemia-induced injury are needed for discovering new therapeutic targets. Recently, Drosophila has been used to uncover new hypoxia-related genes. In this study, we describe an efficient and reliable assay with a sophisticated apparatus for studying the effects of oxygen deprivation on flies. Using this assay, wild-type flies were exposed to an anoxic environment for varying lengths of time, then the cumulative death rate and mobility recovery were systematically analyzed. We found that anoxia for over one hour caused lethality. The cumulative death rate on day 5 after anoxia was linearly and positively correlatedwith the duration of anoxia, and reached 50% when the duration was 2.5 h–3 h. We also found that the mobility recovery in normoxia was slow, as the climbing ability remained largely unchanged 4 h–6 h after 2.5-h of anoxia.We suggest that 2.5 h–3 h of anoxia and 4 h–6 h of recovery before mobility analysis are appropriate for future use of the anoxia assay.

关键词： Hypoxia Anoxia Drosophila Mortality locomotor activity

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神经损伤是轮胎橡胶衍生污染物6PPDQ引起虹鳟急性毒性的重要原因

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Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 621-635页

作者：廖晓亮陈智锋欧诗平刘倩怡林善鸿周嘉明王玉洁蔡宗苇 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and HealthSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone(6PPDQ)has attracted significant attention due to its highly acute lethality to sensitive salmonids.However,studies investigating the mechanisms underlying its acute toxicity have been lacking.In this work,we demonstrated the sensitivity of rainbow trout to 6PPDQ-induced mortality.Moribund trout exhibited significantly higher brain concentrations of 6PPDQ compared to surviving trout.In an in vitro model using human brain microvascular endothelial cells,6PPDQ can penetrate the blood–brain barrier and enhance blood–brain barrier permeability without compromising cell viability.The time spent in the top of the tank increased with rising6PPDQ concentrations,as indicated by locomotion behavior tests.Furthermore,6PPDQ influenced neurotransmitter levels and m RNA expression of neurotransmission-related genes in the brain and exhibited strong binding affinity to target neurotransmission-related proteins using computational simulations.The integrated biomarker response value associated with neurotoxicity showed a positive linear correlation with trout mortality.These findings significantly contribute to filling the knowledge gap between neurological impairments and apical outcomes,including behavioral effects and mortality,induced by6PPDQ.

关键词： Emerging contaminant Rainbow trout Neurotransmission locomotor activity Molecular dynamics simulation

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Disruption of dopamine D1 receptor phosphorylation at serine 421 attenuates cocaine-induced behaviors in mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第6期30卷 1025-1035页

作者： Ying Zhang Ning Wang Ping Su Jie Lu Yun Wang Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology The Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning CommissionPeking University Health Science Center PKU-IDG/Mc Govern Institute for Brain Research Peking University

Dopamine D1 receptors（D1Rs） play a key role in cocaine addiction, and multiple protein kinases such as GRKs, PKA, and PKC are involved in their phosphorylation. Recently, we reported that protein kinase D1 phosphorylates the D1 R at S421 and promotes its membrane localization. Moreover, this phosphorylation of S421 is required for cocaineinduced behaviors in rats. In the present study, we generated transgenic mice over-expressing S421A-D1 R in the forebrain. These transgenic mice showed reduced phospho-D1R（S421） and its membrane localization, and reduced downstream ERK1/2 activation in the striatum. Importantly, acute and chronic cocaine-induced locomotor hyperactivity and conditioned place preference were significantly attenuated in these mice. These findings provide in vivo evidence for the critical role of S421 phosphorylation of the D1 R in its membrane localization and in cocaine-induced behaviors. Thus, S421 on the D1 R represents a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for cocaine addiction and other drug-abuse disorders.

关键词： protein kinase D1 dopamine D1 receptor phosphorylation cocaine addiction conditioned place preference locomotor activity

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Drosophila melanogaster as a model system of aluminum toxicity and aging

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Insect Science 2014年第2期21卷 189-202页

作者： Ewelina Kijak Ezio Rosato Katarzyna Knapczyk Elzbieta Pyza Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Institute of Zoology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland Department of Genetics University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH United Kingdom

The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of aluminum （A1） on the model organism-Drosophila melanogaster. The study is especially concerned with the effects of aluminum on the fruit fly＇s development, life span, and circadian rhythm in rest and activity. Flies were exposed to aluminum in concentrations from 40 to 280 mg/kg in rearing media or the flies were raised on control medium. Moreover, the life span of insects exposed to aluminum containing 40, 120, or 240 mg/kg of A1 in the medium, only during their larval development, during the whole life cycle and only in their adult life was tested. To check if aluminum and aging cause changes in D. melanogaster behavior, the locomotor activity of flies at different ages was recorded. Results showed that aluminum is toxic in concentrations above 160 mg/kg in the rearing medium. Depending on A1 concentration and time of exposure, the life span of the flies was shortened. At intermediate concentrations （120 mg/kg）, however, A1 had a stimulating effect on males increasing their life span and level of locomotor activity. At higher concentration the aluminum exposure increased or decreased the level of locomotor activity ofD. melanogaster depending on age of flies. In addition, in the oldest insects reared on aluminum supplemented media and in mid-aged flies reared on the highest concentration of A1 the daily rhythm of activity was disrupted.

关键词： circadian rhythms development life-span locomotor activity rest/activity cycle survival

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