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Modification of streamer-to-leader transition model based on radial thermal expansion in the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第1期26卷 42-49页

作者：耿江海林果王平丁玉剑丁杨俞华 Department of Electric Power Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003People’s Republic of China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192People’s Republic of China Xinjiang Electric Power Company Research Institute Urumchi 830000People’s Republic of China Shanxi Electric Power Company Research Institute Taiyuan 030001People’s Republic of China

Historically,streamer-to-leader transition studies mainly focused on the rod-plane gap and low altitude analysis,with limited attention paid to the sphere-plane gap at high altitude analysis.In this work,sphere-plane gap discharge tests were carried out under the gap distance of 5 m at the Qinghai Ultra high Voltage(UHV)test base at an altitude of 2200 m.The experiments measured the physical parameters such as the discharge current,electric field intensity and instantaneous optical power.The duration of the dark period and the critical charge of streamer-toleader transition were obtained at high altitude.Based on radial thermal expansion of the streamer stem,we established a modified streamer-to-leader transition model of the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude,and calculated the stem temperature,stem radii and the duration of streamer-to-leader transition.Compared with the measured duration of sphere-plane electrode discharge at an altitude of 2200 m,the error rate of the modified model was 0.94%,while the classical model was 6.97%,demonstrating the effectiveness of the modified model.From the comparisons and analysis,several suggestions are proposed to improve the numerical model for further quantitative investigations of the leader inception.

关键词： streamer-to-leader transition model high altitude streamer stem convective diffusion radial thermal expansion

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The cardiovascular system at high altitude:A bibliometric and visualization analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第4期16卷 199-214页

作者： Mao-Lin Zhao Zhong-Jie Lu Li Yang Sheng Ding Feng Gao Yuan-Zhang Liu Xue-Lin Yang Xia Li Si-Yi He Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandCollege of MedicineSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610083Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengdu 610083Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND When exposed to high-altitude environments,the cardiovascular system undergoes various changes,the performance and mechanisms of which remain controversial.AIM To summarize the latest research advancements and hot research points in the cardiovascular system at high altitude by conducting a bibliometric and visualization analysis.METHODS The literature was systematically retrieved and filtered using the Web of Science Core Collection of Science Citation Index Expanded.A visualization analysis of the identified publications was conducted employing CiteSpace and VOSviewer.RESULTS A total of 1674 publications were included in the study,with an observed annual increase in the number of publications spanning from 1990 to 2022.The United States of America emerged as the predominant contributor,while Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia stood out as the institution with the highest publication output.Notably,Jean-Paul Richalet demonstrated the highest productivity among researchers focusing on the cardiovascular system at high altitude.Furthermore,Peter Bärtsch emerged as the author with the highest number of cited articles.Keyword analysis identified hypoxia,exercise,acclimatization,acute and chronic mountain sickness,pulmonary hypertension,metabolism,and echocardiography as the primary research hot research points and emerging directions in the study of the cardiovascular system at high altitude.CONCLUSION Over the past 32 years,research on the cardiovascular system in high-altitude regions has been steadily increasing.Future research in this field may focus on areas such as hypoxia adaptation,metabolism,and cardiopulmonary exercise.Strengthening interdisciplinary and multi-team collaborations will facilitate further exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular changes in high-altitude environments and provide a theoretical basis for standardized disease diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Cardiovascular system high altitude Hypoxia Bibliometric analysis Visualization

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Male reproductive system and simulated high-altitude environment:preliminary results in rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第3期25卷 426-432页

作者： Xiu-Yun Li Mei-Hua Zhang Zhao-Wen Chen Bin Zhang Gang Bai He-Feng Wang Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinan 250014China Department of Obstetrics Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinan 250014China Department of Ophthalmology Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinan 250014China Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong UniversityJinan 250012China Department of Pediatric Surgery Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinan 250014China

This study assessed the effects of a simulated high-altitude environment on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats and the reversibility of these effects upon return to a normal environment.Three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups that were exposed to different conditions:a normal environment for 6 weeks and 12 weeks,respectively,hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks,and hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks followed by a normal environment for 6 weeks.Multiple pathophysiological parameters were evaluated at the histological,endocrine,and molecular levels.Hypobaric hypoxia exposure for 6 weeks during the prepubertal phase significantly altered physiological parameters,body functions,blood indices,and reproductive potential.Six weeks after returning to a normal environment,the damaged reproductive functions partially recovered due to compensatory mechanisms.However,several changes were not reversed after returning to a normal environment for 6 weeks,including disorders of body development and metabolism,increased red blood cells,increased fasting blood glucose,abnormal blood lipid metabolism,decreased testicular and epididymis weights,abnormal reproductive hormone levels,excessive apoptosis of reproductive cells,and decreased sperm concentration.In summary,a hypobaric hypoxic environment significantly impaired the reproductive function of prepubertal male rats,and a return to normal conditions during the postpubertal phase did not fully recover these impairments.

关键词： high altitude hypobaric hypoxia male rats reproductive potential testis

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Genomic convergence underlying high-altitude adaptation in alpine plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第7期65卷 1620-1635页

作者： Xu Zhang Tianhui Kuang Wenlin Dong Zhihao Qian Huajie Zhang Jacob BLandis Tao Feng Lijuan Li Yanxia Sun Jinling Huang Tao Deng Hengchang Wang Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture The Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensThe Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14850USA BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth Carolina 27858USA

Evolutionary convergence is one of the most striking examples of adaptation driven by natural selection.However, genomic evidence for convergent adaptation to extreme environments remains scarce.Here, we assembled reference genomes of two alpine plants, Saussurea obvallata(Asteraceae)and Rheum alexandrae(Polygonaceae), with 37,938 and 61,463 annotated protein-coding genes. By integrating an additional five alpine genomes,we elucidated genomic convergence underlying high-altitude adaptation in alpine plants. Our results detected convergent contractions of diseaseresistance genes in alpine genomes, which might be an energy-saving strategy for surviving in hostile environments with only a few pathogens present.We identified signatures of positive selection on a set of genes involved in reproduction and respiration(e.g., MMD1, NBS1, and HPR), and revealed signatures of molecular convergence on genes involved in self-incompatibility, cell wall modification,DNA repair and stress resistance, which may underlie adaptation to extreme cold, high ultraviolet radiation and hypoxia environments. Incorporating transcriptomic data, we further demonstrated that genes associated with cuticular wax and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways exhibit higher expression levels in leafy bracts, shedding light on the genetic mechanisms of the adaptive “greenhouse” morphology. Our integrative data provide novel insights into convergent evolution at a high-taxonomic level,aiding in a deep understanding of genetic adaptation to complex environments.

关键词： adaptation alpine plants evolutionary rates genomic convergence “greenhouse”morphology high altitude

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Accuracy of FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes who migrated from highlands to plains

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1254-1262页

作者： Zeng-Mei Sun Yuan-Ze Du Su-Yuan Wang Shu-Yao Sun Yan Ye Xue-Ping Sun Ming-Xia Li Hua He Wun-Chun Long Cheng-Hui Zhang Xuan-Yu Yao Wu-Yi Fan Ling Wang Yun-Hong Wu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Hospital of the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region in ChengduChengdu 614000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Nursing Hospital of Chengdu Office of the People's Government of Tibet Autonomous RegionChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology Hospital of Chengdu Office of the People's Government of Tibet Autonomous RegionChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring(FGM)system entered the Chinese market in 2017 to complement the self-monitoring of blood glucose.Due to its increased usage in clinics,the number of studies investigating its accuracy has increased.However,its accuracy has not been investigated in highland populations in China.AIM To evaluate measurements recorded using the FreeStyle Libre FGM system compared with capillary blood glucose measured using the enzyme electrode method in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D)who had migrated within 3 mo from highlands to plains.METHODS Overall,68 patients with T2D,selected from those who had recently migrated from highlands to plains(within 3 mo),were hospitalized at the Department of Endocrinology from August to October 2017 and underwent continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)with the FreeStyle Libre FGM system for 14 d.Throughout the study period,fingertip capillary blood glucose was measured daily using the enzyme electrode method(Super GL,China),and blood glucose levels were read from the scanning probe during fasting and 2 h after all three meals.Moreover,the time interval between reading the data from the scanning probe and collecting fingertip capillary blood was controlled to<5 min.The accuracy of the FGM system was evaluated according to the CGM guidelines.Subsequently,the factors influencing the mean absolute relative difference(MARD)of this system were analyzed by a multiple linear regression method.RESULTS Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the fingertip and scanned glucose levels were positively correlated(R=0.86,P=0.00).The aggregated MARD of scanned glucose was 14.28±13.40%.Parker's error analysis showed that 99.30%of the data pairs were located in areas A and B.According to the probe wear time of the FreeStyle Libre FGM system,MARD_(1 d) and MARD_(2-14 d) were 16.55%and 14.35%,respectively(t=1.23,P=0.22).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that MARD did not correlate with blood glucose when the largest amplitude of glycemic excursion(LAGE

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Flash glucose monitoring Accuracy Continuous glucose monitor high altitude

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high Arterial Oxygen Saturation in the Acclimatized Lowlanders Living at high altitude

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Phenomics 2023年第4期3卷 329-332页

作者： Yaoxi He Chaoying Cui Yongbo Guo Wangshan Zheng Tian Yue Hui Zhang Ouzhuluobu Tianyi Wu Xuebin Qi Bing Su State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China high altitude Medical Research Center School of MedicineTibetan UniversityLhasa 850000China National Key Laboratory of high altitude Medicine High Altitude Medical Research InstituteXining 810012China

Blood oxygen saturation(SpO_(2))is a key indicator of oxygen availability in the body.It is known that a low SpO_(2)at high altitude is associated with morbidity and mortality risks due to physiological hypoxemia.Previously,it was proposed that the lowlander immigrants living at high altitude should have a lower SpO_(2)level compared to the highlander natives,but this proposal has not been rigorously tested due to the lack of data from the lowlander immigrants living at high altitude.In this study,we compared arterial oxygen saturation of 5929 Tibetan natives and 1034 Han Chinese immigrants living at altitudes ranging from 1120 m to 5020 m.Unexpectedly,the Han immigrants had a higher SpO_(2)than the Tibetan natives at the same high altitudes.At the same time,there is a higher prevalence of chronic mountain sickness in Han than in Tibetans at the same altitude.This result suggests that the relatively higher SpO_(2)level of the acclimatized Han is associated with a physiological cost,and the SpO_(2)level of Tibetans tends to be sub-optimal.Consequently,SpO_(2)alone is not a robust indicator of physiological performance at high altitude.

关键词： Oxygen saturation high altitude Acclimatization Adaptation

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Proteomic Analysis of the Small Intestine Reveals Adaptive Strategies for Energy Restriction of Phrynocephalus vlangalii at high altitude

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Asian Herpetological Research 2023年第2期14卷 167-174页

作者： Yangyang ZHAO Cui YANG Yongxing HE Yue QI Shuhui CAO Xue BIAN Wei ZHAO Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000GansuChina

The environmental characteristics of hypothermia and hypoxia exert great selective pressure on the energy metabolism of high-altitude animals,especially the ectotherms.Current research on energy-limited adaptation of high-altitude ectotherms has focused on energy expenditures.However,the mechanisms of increasing energy intake in high-altitude ectotherms have been studied rarely.In order to investigate the adaptation mechanism of the small intestine,the key part of energy acquisition for animals,to energy limitation at high altitude in ectotherms,the gut proteins of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from high-and low-altitude populations were compared using label free proteomics.GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that proteins associated with energy intake,such as those involved in oxidation-reduction processes,glutathione metabolism,oxidoreductase activity,cofactor binding,catalytic activity and metabolic pathways,were significantly up-regulated in high-altitude populations;while proteins associated with energy expenditure,such as immune responses and processes,membrane attack complexes,natural killer pathway and other immune-related processes,were significantly down-regulated in expression.

关键词： energy intake energy limitation high altitude label-free proteomic analysis lipid metabolism Phrynocephalus vlangalii

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Audible Noise Performance of high Voltage AC Conductor Bundles at an altitude of 226lm

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2447-2455页

作者： Wangling He Baoquan Wan Shilong Huang Yunpeng Liu Jiangong Zhang Xiao Han North China Electric Power University Baoding 071000China China Electric Power Research Institute(State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection) Wuhan 430074China

Extra or ultra-high voltage transmission lines can exhibit strong corona discharge and generate severe audible noise(AN)at high altitudes,which has become a critical limiting factor for power lines construction.However,the AN data of bundle conductors at high altitudes are very rare,which cannot adequately support the power utilities to make reasonable conductor selections.In this paper,a sound pressure level(SPL)of 14 types of bundle conductors is investigated by using an ultra-high-voltage(UHV)corona cage(8 m×8 m×35 m)at an altitude of 2216 m,where the bundle numbers between 4 and 12 and the conductor types are used in 500 kV,750 kV or 1000 kV power transmission projects.Then a large number of valuable AN data are obtained;the influences of bundle numbers and sub-conductor diameters on an acoustic power density level(LPWL)are analyzed;and an A-weighted LPWL calculation method is proposed.In addition,by comparing the AN data obtained from the low-altitude area(altitude:23 m),the AN altitude correction factor is concluded,and the influences of conductor parameters and the surface electric field strength on correction factors are discussed.The results obtained in this paper can provide important data for the construction of high-altitude AC power lines.

关键词： AC power lines audible noise corona discharge high altitude

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Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals

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National Science Review 2020年第6期7卷 952-963页

作者： Dong-Dong Wu Cui-Ping Yang Ming-Shan Wang Kun-Zhe Dong Da-Wei Yan Zi-Qian Hao Song-Qing Fan Shu-Zhou Chu Qiu-Shuo Shen Li-Ping Jiang Yan Li Lin Zeng He-Qun Liu Hai-Bing Xie Yun-Fei Ma Xiao-Yan Kong Shu-Li Yang Xin-Xing Dong Ali Esmailizadeh David M Irwin Xiao Xiao Ming Li Yang Dong Wen Wang Peng Shi Hai-Peng Li Yue-Hui Ma Xiao Gou Yong-Bin Chen Ya-Ping Zhang Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratoryfor Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Instituteof Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province Yunnan Agricultural University Departmentof Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology ChineseAcademy of Sciences Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Kunming College of Life Science University ofChinese Academy o fSciences CAS Key Laboratory ofComputational Biology CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of LifeScience University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming College of Life Science University ofChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province KunmingInstitute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of AnimalNutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province Yunnan Agricultural University CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Departmentof Pathology the Secon

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep,goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10 orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.

关键词： high altitude Tibetan Plateau genome convergent evolution domestic animals

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EP300 contributes to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans by regulating nitric oxide production

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Zoological Research 2017年第3期38卷 163-170页

作者： Wang-Shan Zheng Yao-Xi He Chao-Ying Cui Ouzhuluobu Dejiquzong Yi Peng Cai-Juan Bai Duojizhuoma Gonggalanzi Bianba Baimakangzhuo Yong-Yue Pan Qula Kangmin Cirenyangji Baimayangji Wei GUO Yangla Hui Zhang Xiao-Ming Zhang Yong-Bo Guo Shu-Hua Xu Hua Chen Sheng-Guo Zhao Yuan Cai Shi-Ming Liu Tian-Yi Wu Xue-Bin Qi Bing Su College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China high altitude Medical Research Center School of Medicine Tibetan University Lhasa Tibet 850000 China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650204 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy ofSciences Shanghai 200031 China Center for Computational Genomics Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Key Laboratory of high altitude Medicine High Altitude Medical Research Institute Xining Qinghai 810012 China School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Shanghai 200031 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Shanghai 200438 China

The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene EP300 （histone acetyltransferase p300）, we conducted resequencing of a 108.9 kb gene region of EP300 in 80 unrelated Tibetans. The allele-frequency and haplotype-based neutrality tests detected signals of positive Darwinian selection on EP300 in Tibetans, with a group of variants showing allelic divergence between Tibetans and lowland reference populations, including Han Chinese, Europeans, and Africans. Functional prediction suggested the involvement of multiple EP300 variants in gene expression regulation. More importantly, genetic association tests in 226 Tibetans indicated significant correlation of the adaptive EP300 variants with blood nitric oxide （NO） concentration. Collectively, we propose that EP300 harbors adaptive variants in Tibetans, which might contribute to high-altitude adaptation through regulating NO production.

关键词： Tibetans high altitude Hypoxia EP300 Genetic adaptation Nitric oxide

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