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Fromα-keto acids to nitrile oxides enabled by copper nitrate:a facile access to fused isoxazolines

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第3期9卷 676-681页

作者： Yuping Zhu Tianqi Liu Bingxin Liu Houguang Shi Qitao Tan Bin Xu Department of Chemistry Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University(The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairInnovative Drug Research CenterSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

α-Keto acids were unprecedentedly employed as novel precursors of nitrile oxides on treatment with copper nitrate,which reacted with maleimides via[3+2]dipolar cycloaddition leading to pharmacologically interesting fused isoxazolines.This approach offers a unique strategy and complementary method for the convenient generation of alkyl substituted nitrile oxides.

关键词： nitrate fused oxides

I_(2)-Mediated[3+2]annulation of methyl-azaarenes with alkyl_(2)-isocyanoacetates or amino acid ester hydrochlorides:selective synthesis of iodine-func-tionalized and non-iodine-functionalized fused imidazoles

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第5期9卷 1403-1409页

作者： Yong-Ji Hu Yu Zhou Jing-Jing Gao Han Zhang Kai-Rui Yang Jia-Jun Li Xiao-Xin Yan Yuan-Lin Li Yan-Ping Zhu School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityShandongYantai264005P.R.China

An I_(2)-mediated[3+2]annulation of methyl-azaarenes with alkyl_(2)-isocyanoacetates or amino acid ester hydrochlorides has been demonstrated.This strategy involves CuN bond cleavage of isocyanides and can selectively synthesize iodine-functionalized and non-iodine-functionalized fused imidazoles.Scale-up experiments and arylation,alkynylation,alkenylation and selenization of iodine-functionalized products demonstrated the potential applications of this reaction.

关键词： reaction iodine fused

fused structures for safer and more economical constructions

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 1-9页

作者： Yu-Fei WU Ying-Wu ZHOU Biao HU Xiaoxu HUANG Scott SMITH School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3001Australia Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518061China School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of AdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia

Safety margin and construction costs are two conflicting goals for a structure.By providing a fuse in a structure that is triggered at a certain level of over-loading,further increase of loading is prohibited and failure of the structure is changed to a safer mode.As overloading is controlled and a safer failure mode is enforced,a fused structure requires a smaller safety factor thus leading to more economical construction without compromising safety.The use of a fuse will also facilitate safer use of advanced construction materials such as fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)composites.In this case,a fuse can transfer the sudden and dangerous failure mode associated with brittle FRP debonding or rupture to a safe and ductile failure mode at the fuse location.This paper introduces a new type of fused structure as well as an associated design philosophy and approach,in addition to examples of engineering applications.

关键词： fused structures structural fuse fiber-reinforced polymer concrete

3D printing of patient-specific 316L–stainless–steel medical implants using fused filament fabrication technology: two veterinary case studies

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2022年第4期5卷 808-815页

作者： J.M.Chacón P.J.Núñez M.A.Caminero E.García-Plaza J.Vallejo M.Blanco Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaAvdaCamilo JoséCela213071 Ciudad RealSpain Protresde Ingeniería y Soluciones C/Solana 60nave 313005 Ciudad RealSpain

Biomedical fracture fixation implants have complex sculptured geometries to adapt perfectly to fractured bones,making them difficult and expensive to manufacture with conventional machining methods. fused filament fabrication(FFF) is a very popular Additive Manufacturing technology that simplifies the manufacture of parts with complex geometries, making it ideal for the manufacture of customized medical implants.

关键词： steel fracture fused

Selenium-fused Y6 derivatives and their derived polymerized small molecule acceptors for efficient organic solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第3期66卷 615-619页

作者： Qunping Fan Francis RLin Wei Ma Alex K.-Y.Jen State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195-2120USA

Before 2015,only few organic solar cells(OSCs)obtained power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 10%because the commonly used fullerene derivatives as acceptors have narrow absorption,low extinction coefficient,and are difficult to adjust energy levels.To overcome these shortcomings,in 2015,Zhan et al.[1]developed acceptor(A)-donor(D)-A-type fused-ring small-molecule acceptors(SMAs)with good planarity and strong intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)effect to fulfill both broad absorption and high extinction coefficient,offering the revolutionary PCEs of 13%–15%.In 2019,another milestone SMA(Y6)with A-DA′D-A structure was developed by Zou et al.

关键词： fused extinction absorption

Imaging atomic-scale chemistry from fused multi-modal electron microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 164-171页

作者： Jonathan Schwartz Zichao Wendy Di Yi Jiang Alyssa J.Fielitz Don-Hyung Ha Sanjaya D.Perera Ismail El Baggari Richard D.Robinson Jeffrey A.Fessler Colin Ophus Steve Rozeveld Robert Hovden Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Dow Chemical Co. MidlandMIUSA Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA The Rowland Institute at Harvard CambridgeMAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMolecular FoundryBerkeleyCAUSA Applied Physics Program University of MIchiganAnn ArborMIUnited States

Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic interactions.Here,fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)recovery of material chemistry at nano-and atomic-resolution by coupling correlated information encoded within both elastic scattering(high-angle annular dark-field(HAADF))and inelastic spectroscopic signals(electron energy loss(EELS)or energy-dispersive x-ray(EDX)).By linking these simultaneously acquired signals,or modalities,the chemical distribution within nanomaterials can be imaged at significantly lower doses with existing detector hardware.In many cases,the dose requirements can be reduced by over one order of magnitude.This high SNR recovery of chemistry is tested against simulated and experimental atomic resolution data of heterogeneous nanomaterials.

关键词： materials chemistry fused

fused thienobenzene-thienothiophene electron acceptors for organic solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第10期28卷 58-65页

作者： Ye Xu Haotian Jiang Tsz-Ki Lau Jingshuai Zhu Jiayu Wang Xinhui Lu Xiaowei Zhan Yuze Lin Department of Chemistry Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong KongChina

Small molecule ladder-type heteroarenes IHBT-2F is designed and synthesized with strong electrondonating and molecular packing properties, where the central unit, fused thienobenzene-thienothiphene (IHBT), is attached with the strong electron-deficient 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (2FIC) as the end group. The counterpart IDBT-2F with indancenodibenzothiophene (IDBT) mainchain is sythesized for comparison, in which thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) core of IHBT is replaced by benzene core. Relative to benzene-core IDBT-2F, TT-core IHBT-2F shows a much higher highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (IHBT-2F:-5.46 eV;IDBT-2F:-5.72 eV) and significantly redshifted absorption, due to the π-donor capability of the sulfur atom, the larger π-conjugation and stronger intermolecular π-π stacking. The as-cast organic solar cells (OSCs) based on blends of PTB7-Th donor and IHBT-2F acceptor without additional treatments exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as high as 8.74%, which is much higher than that of PTB7-Th:IDBT-2F (6.73%).

关键词： Organic solar cell fused ring electron acceptor Thienobenzene Non-fullerene

Design of Non-fused Ring Acceptors toward High-Performance,Stable,and Low-Cost Organic Photovoltaics

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第6期3卷 644-657页

作者： Qing Shen Chengliang He Shuixing Li Lijian Zuo Minmin Shi Hongzheng Chen State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationInternational Research Center for X PolymersDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027P.R.China Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou 310027P.R.China

Toward future commercial applications of organic solar cells(OSCs),organic photovoltaic materials that enable high efficiency,excellent stability,and low cost should be developed.fused-ring electron acceptors(FREAs)have declared that OSCs are capable of showing efficiencies over 19%,whereas stability and cost are not solved yet.As the counterparts of FREAs,non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are more flexible in molecular design.They have better stability because of the reduction of intramolecular tension via breaking fused backbone and have more advantages in cost with the reduction of synthetic complexity.However,the challenge for NFREAs is the relatively lower efficiencies(around 15%at current stage),which require better molecular designs for addressing the issues of conformational unicity and effective molecular packing.In this Account,we comprehensively summarize works about NFREAs carried out in our group from three main frameworks,including molecular design and efficiency optimization,material cost,and stability.First,in the part of molecular design and efficiency optimization,the existing rotatable single bond in NFREAs will bring the problem of conformational uncertainty,but it can be solved through proper molecular design,which also regulates the energy levels,light absorption range,and the packing mode of the molecule for obtaining higher performance.Thus,in this part,we discuss the evolution of NFREAs in three aspects,including molecular skeleton optimization,terminal modification,and side chain engineering.Many strategies are used in the design of a molecular skeleton,such as utilizing the quinoid effect,introducing functional groups with the electron push−pulling effect,and using multiple conformational lock.Furthermore,simplifying the skeleton is also the preferred development tendency.As for the terminal,the main modification strategy is adjusting the conjugation length and halogen atoms.What is more,by adjusting the side chain to induce appropriate steric hindrance,we can fix the orientation

关键词： stability fused stability

Synthesis of N-fused dithia and dibenzihomoporphyrins

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第6期9卷 1580-1588页

作者： Rima Sengupta Prosenjit Isar Mangalampalli Ravikanth Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India

N-fused dithia and dibenzi homoporphyrins have been synthesized using a[2+2]approach by condensing one equivalent of appropriate dithienyl/di p-phenylene ethene diol with one equivalent of N-confused dipyrromethane in CH_(2)Cl_(2) under mild acid catalysed conditions.The X-ray structure obtainedfor the N-fused dibenzi homoporphyrin revealed that the fused tripentacyclic ring was planar and wastilted by an angle of 11.35°whereas the p-phenylene moieties were highly deviated by angles of 48.70°and 50.93°from the mean plane defined by five meso carbon atoms.The NMR and absorption featuressuggested the non-aromatic nature of both N-fused dithia and dibenzi homoporphyrins.The DFT studiesrevealed that the N-fused dithia homoporphyrin was highly distorted with one thiophene ring facingoutside the macrocyclic cavity.The spectral features of both N-fused dithia and dibenzi homoporphyrinswere supported by TD-DFT studies.

关键词： conditions cavity fused