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Transforming Hand Drawn Wireframes into front-end Code with Deep Learning

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4303-4321页

作者： Saman Riaz Ali Arshad Shahab S.Band Amir Mosavi Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliu64002YunlinTaiwan Faculty of Civil Engineering Technische Universitat DresdenDresden 01069Germany

The way towards generating a website front end involves a designersettling on an idea for what kind of layout they want the website to have, thenproceeding to plan and implement each aspect one by one until they haveconverted what they initially laid out into its Html front end form, this processcan take a considerable time, especially considering the first draft of the designis traditionally never the final one. This process can take up a large amountof resource real estate, and as we have laid out in this paper, by using a Modelconsisting of various Neural Networks trained on a custom dataset. It can beautomated into assisting designers, allowing them to focus on the other morecomplicated parts of the system they are designing by quickly generating whatwould rather be straightforward busywork. Over the past 20 years, the boomin how much the internet is used and the sheer volume of pages on it demands ahigh level of work and time to create them. For the efficiency of the process, weproposed a multi-model-based architecture on image captioning, consisting ofConvolutional neural network (CNN) and Long short-term memory (LSTM)models. Our proposed approach trained on our custom-made database can beautomated into assisting designers, allowing them to focus on the other morecomplicated part of the system. We trained our model in several batches overa custom-made dataset consisting of over 6300 files and were finally able toachieve a Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score for a batch of 50hand-drawn images at 87.86%.

关键词： Deep learning wireframes front-end low fidelity high fidelity design process html computer vision dsl

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An ISM 2.4 GHz low power low-IF RF receiver front-end

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第8期36卷 124-130页

作者：马何平徐化陈备石寅 Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper describes the implementation ofan RF receiver front-end for the 2.4 GHz industrial scientific medical band under TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS technology; it comprises a low noise amplifier （LNA） which uses an added gate-source capacitor for low power performance and a dual-converter composed of a single-balanced active RF mixer and double-balanced passive IF mixer. Dual-down-conversion technique is used for reducing power. A 2.4 GHz low power low-IF RF receiver front-end is proposed. An LNA for rejecting image signal, an inductor- capacitor （LC） tank is used in series with source of input-stage transistor of the RF mixer, and combined with the LC load of the LNA, 30-dB image rejection is realized. Fabricated in a 0.13 μm CMOS process, the proposed chip occupies 0.42 mm2 area, achieves 4 dB noise figure, -22 dBm IIP3 and 37 dB voltage gain dissipating only 4.2-mW under 1.2-V supply.

关键词： front-end low-IF low power LNA mixer

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A tunable passive mixer for SAW-less front-end with reconfigurable voltage conversion gain and intermediate frequency bandwidth

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High Technology Letters 2018年第1期24卷 10-18页

作者：陶健 fan xiangning zhao yuan Institute of RF&OE-ICs School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 P. R. China

An adjustable mixer for surface acoustic wave( SAW)-less radio frequency( RF) front-end is presented in this paper. Through changing the bias voltage,the presented mixer with reconfigurable voltage conversion gain( VCG) is suitable for multi-mode multi-standard( MMMS) applications. An equivalent local oscillator( LO) frequency-tunable high-Q band-pass filter( BPF) at low noise amplifier( LNA) output is used to reject the out-of-band interference signals. Base-band( BB) capacitor of the mixer is variable to obtain 15 kinds of intermediate frequency( IF) bandwidth( BW). The proposed passive mixer with LNA is implemented in TSMC 0. 18μm RF CMOS process and operates from 0. 5 to 2. 5 GHz with measured maximum out-of-band rejection larger than 40 d B. The measured VCG of the front-end can be changed from 5 to 17 d B; the maximum input intercept point( IIP3) is0 d Bm and the minimum noise figure( NF) is 3. 7 d B. The chip occupies an area of 0. 44 mm^2 including pads.

关键词： reconfigurable radio frequency (RF) front-end multi-mode multi-standard( MMMS) high-Q band-pass filter ( BPF) cross-coupled common gate low noise amplifier ( CC-CGLNA) CMOS

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A single-ended wideband reconfigurable receiver front-end for multi-mode multi-standard applications in 0.18μm CMOS

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High Technology Letters 2019年第1期25卷 1-7页

作者：陶健 Fan Xiangning Bao Kuan Institute of RF&OE-ICs School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University

This paper presents a reconfigurable RF front-end for multi-mode multi-standard(MMMS) applications. The designed RF front-end is fabricated in 0.18 μm RF CMOS technology. The low noise characteristic is achieved by the noise canceling technique while the bandwidth is enhanced by gate inductive peaking technique. Measurement results show that, while the input frequency ranges from 100 MHz to 2.9 GHz, the proposed reconfigurable RF front-end achieves a controllable voltage conversion gain(VCG) from 18 dB to 39 dB. The measured maximum input third intercept point(IIP3) is-4.9 dBm and the minimum noise figure(NF) is 4.6 dB. The consumed current ranges from 16 mA to 26.5 mA from a 1.8 V supply voltage. The chip occupies an area of 1.17 mm^2 including pads.

关键词： reconfigurable multi-mode multi-standard (MMMS) receiver front-end gate inductive peaking noise canceling CMOS

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Design and optimization of a 2.4 GHz RF front-end with an on-chip balun

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第9期32卷 93-98页

作者：徐化王磊石寅代伐 Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou-CAS Semiconductor Integrated Technology Co. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University

A 2.4 GHz low-power,low-noise and highly linear receiver front-end with a low noise amplifier（LNA） and balun optimization is presented.Direct conversion architecture is employed for this front-end.The on-chip balun is designed for single-to-differential conversion between the LNA and the down-conversion mixer,and is optimized for the best noise performance of the front-end.The circuit is implemented with 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS technology.The front-end has three gain steps for maximization of the input dynamic range.The overall maximum gain is about 36 dB.The double-sideband noise figure is 3.8 dB in high gain mode and the input referred third-order intercept point is 12.5 dBm in low gain mode.The down-conversion mixer has a tunable parallel R-C load at the output and an emitter follower is used as the output stage for testing purposes.The total front-end dissipation is 33 mW under a 2.85 V supply and occupies a 0.66 mm^2 die size.

关键词： front-end LNA balun mixer direct-conversion

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A 1.2-V CMOS front-end for LTE direct conversion SAW-less receiver

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Journal of Semiconductors 2012年第3期33卷 76-80页

作者：王日炎黄继伟李正平张伟峰曾隆月 Guangzhou Runxin Information Technology Co.Ltd College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou University Institute of RF-&OE IC Southeast University

A CMOS RF front-end for the long-term evolution（LTE） direct conversion receiver is presented.With a low noise transconductance amplifier（LNA）,current commutating passive mixer and transimpedance operational amplifier（TIA）,the RF front-end structure enables high-integration,high linearity and simple frequency planning for LTE multi-band applications.Large variable gain is achieved using current-steering transconductance stages.A current commutating passive mixer with 25%duty-cycle LO improves gain,noise and linearity.A direct coupled current-input filter（DCF） is employed to suppress the out-of-band interferer.Fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process,the RF front-end achieves a 45 dB conversion voltage gain,2.7 dB NF,-7 dBm IIP3,and ＋60 dBm IIP2 with calibration from 2.3 to 2.7 GHz.The total RF front end with divider draws 40 mA from a single 1.2-V supply.

关键词： RF CMOS front-end passive mixer 25%duty-cycle variable gain quadrature demodulator

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The front-end electronics design of dose monitors for beam delivery system of Shanghai Advanced Proton Therapy Facility

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第6期28卷 154-160页

作者： Bin-Qing Zhao Ming-Hua Zhao Ming Liu Chong-Xian Yin Hang Shu Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A front-end electronics of dose monitor has been developed for measuring irradiation dose to the patient in Shanghai Advanced Proton Therapy Facility.The parallel plate ionization chamber is used for the dose monitoring.Unlike the traditional method of recycling capacitor integration and voltage-to-frequency conversion,this dose monitor electronics uses the trans-impedance amplifier and analog-to-digital conversion method.It performs satisfactorily,with the integral nonlinearity of less than ±0.04 nA in the range of-400 to 50 nA and the resolution of about±0.6 nA.

关键词： front-end electronics Dose monitor Proton therapy

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Design of a Low-Noise front-end Readout Circuit for CdZnTe Detectors

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2013年第2期4卷 123-128页

作者： Bo Gan Tingcun Wei Wu Gao Huiming Zeng Yann Hu School of Computer Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China

In this paper, the design of a novel low-noise front-end readout circuit for Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) X-ray and γ-ray detectors is described. The front-end readout circuits include the charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) and the CR-RC shaper is implemented in TSMC 0.35 μm mixed-signal CMOS technology. The die size of the prototype chip is 4.9 mm × 2.2 mm. The simulation results show that, the noise performance is 46 electrons + 10 electrons/pF, and power consumption is 1.65 mW per channel.

关键词： CdZnTe Detector Low Noise front-end Readout CMOS

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Design of a Novel front-end Readout ASIC for PET Imaging System

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2013年第2期4卷 129-133页

作者： Huiming Zeng Tingcun Wei Linkai Shen Wu Gao School of Computer Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China

The architecture of a multi-channel front-end system is important for realizing a high-resolution PET system. We propose a novel front-end readout electronic system with TDC to deal with time information for PET system which can easily design the timing control. Each channel consists of a charge preamplifier, slow/fast shaper, discriminator and an analog memory. There are an ADC and a TDC to process the energy information and time information for each channel at the same time. In this paper, the whole system signals flow is all simulated by MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed system can process slender current from the detector and achieve the energy and time information. The proposed architecture can be applied to high-resolution PET imaging systems with multi-channel ASICs.

关键词： PET front-end Readout Electronics TDC Positron Emission Tomography Imaging

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Design of a Low-Noise front-end Readout CSP-Shaper System for CZT Detectors

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2013年第2期4卷 118-122页

作者： Huiming Zeng Tingcun Wei Bo Gan Wu Gao School of Computer Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China

This paper describes a low-noise front-end readout circuit for CZT detectors based on TSMC 0.35 um mixed-single CMOS technology;mainly analyzes the noise model of the detector-preamplifier and presents the low-noise circuit schematic of charge sensitive preamplifier and shaper. Considering the parasitical influences, the circuit and layout-design are optimized to reduce noise. The preliminary simulation results show that, the equivalent noise charge (ENC) is 74 e﹣ (rms), noise slope is 9 e﹣/pF, power consumption is 2 mW, and non-linearity

关键词： CZTdetector front-end Readout CSP Low-Noise

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