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The field Efficacy trial of Several Fungicides for Controlling Rice Sheath Blight Disease (Rhizoctonia solani)

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2020年第3期11卷 18-20,30页

作者： Huang Xianliang Jiang Xianya Chen Maotuo Huang Riliang Wu Shangxin Lu Xixu Yang Jianyuan Yangjiang Institute Agricultural Sciences Yangjiang 529500China Plant Protection Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510640China

[Objective]The paper was to study the field fficacy of several fumgicide against rice sheath bligh(Rhicoetonia solm).[Method]field efficacy trial was performed with three novel fungicides,75%*** WG,75%tifloxystrobion-tebuconazole WG and 24%6 thi-fluzamide sC,while 30%difenoconazole-propiconazole EC and 10%jingangmyein AS,which had been Long circulated in production,were uwsed as contrl agents.[Result]The three novel fungicides had better control ffe on sheath blight than the control agents;75%***-trobin WG at the dase of 20 g/667 m2 received the best contrl efect,and the control efect was still 87.72%at 20 d post administration,and the yield increase efect was *** control efects of 75%tiloxystrobin-tebuconazole wG and 24%thifluzamide SC were 85.67%and 87.36%,repectively.[Conclusion]75%*** wG,75%tifloxystrobin tebuconazole WC and 24%thiluamide SC could be promted as rotation fungicides to control rice sheath blight.

关键词： Rice Sheath blight Fungicide field trial

Lignin engineering in forest trees: From gene discovery to field trials

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Plant Communications 2022年第6期3卷 1-25页

作者： Barbara De Meester Ruben Vanholme Thatiane Mota Wout Boerjan Ghent University Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsTechnologiepark 719052 GhentBelgium VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 719052 GhentBelgium

Wood is an abundant and renewable feedstock for the production of pulp,fuels,and biobased ***,wood is recalcitrant toward deconstruction into cellulose and simple sugars,mainly because of the presence of lignin,an aromatic polymer that shields cell-wall ***,numerous research efforts have focused on engineering lignin amount and composition to improve wood ***,we focus on results that have been obtained by engineering the lignin biosynthesis and branching pathways in forest trees to reduce cell-wall recalcitrance,including the introduction of exotic lignin *** addition,we draw general conclusions from over 20 years of field trial research with trees engineered to produce less or altered *** discuss possible causes and solutions for the yield penalty that is often associated with lignin engineering in ***,we discuss how conventional and new breeding strategies can be combined to develop elite clones with desired lignin *** conclude this review with priorities for the development of commercially relevant lignin-engineered trees.

关键词： lignin genetic engineering breeding CRISPR field trial forest trees

Removal of metals by sorghum plants from contaminated land

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1432-1437页

作者： ZHUANG Ping SHU Wensheng LI Zhian LIAO Bin LI Jintian SHAO Jingsong Institute of Ecology South China Botanic Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510560 China. School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

The growth of high biomass crops facilitated by optimal of agronomic practices has been considered as an alternative to phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals. A field trial was carded out to evaluate the phytoextraction efficiency of heavy metals by three varieties of sweet sorghum （Sorghum biocolor L.）, a high biomass energy plant. Ethylene diamine tetraacetate （EDTA）, ammonium nitrate （NH4NO3） and ammonium sulphate （（NH4）2SO4） were tested for their abilities to enhance the removal of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by sweet sorghum from a contaminated agricultural soil. Sorghum plants always achieved the greatest removal of Pb by leaves and the greatest removal of Cd, Zn and Cu by stems. There was no significant difference among the Keller, Rio and Mray varieties of sweet sorghums in accumulating heavy metals. EDTA treatment was more efficient than ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate in promoting Pb accumulation in sweet sorghum from the contaminated agricultural soil. The application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate increased the accumulation of both Zn and Cd in roots of sorghum plants. Results from this study suggest that cropping of sorghum plants facilitated by agronomic practices may be a sustainable technique for partial decontamination of heavy metal contaminated soils.

关键词： Sorghum biocolor field trial phytoextraction

Sex Pheromone Components of the Female Black Cutworm Moth in China: Identification and field trials

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Zoological Research 2009年第1期30卷 59-64页

作者：向玉勇杨茂发李子忠贵州大学昆虫研究所贵州山地农业病虫害重点实验室贵州贵阳550025 滁州学院化学与生命科学系安徽滁州239012

The sex pheromone blend of a China strain of the black cutworm moth Agrotis ypsilon （Rottemberg）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） was investigated. Chemical analysis of pheromone gland extracts of 3-day-old females showed that individual isolated glands contained only very small amounts of pheromone. The high-resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis showed the presence of Cis-7-dodecenyl acetate （Z7-12：Ac, A）, Cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate （Z9-14：Ac, B）, Cis- 11-hexadecenyl acetate （Z 11 - 16 ：Ac, C）, Cis-8-dodecenyl acetate （Z8-12：Ac, E） and Cis-5-decenyl acetate （Z5-10：Ac, D） in biologically active pheromone gland extracts. An extract of one gland from a day 3 female gave the following values for the gland components： 0.245±0.098ng for Z7-12：Ac, 0.080±0.031ng for Z9-14：Ac, 0.089±0.033ng for Z11-16：Ac, 0.085±0.031ng for Z5-10：Ac, 0.105±0.065ng for Z8-12：Ac per female. The percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac, Z11-16：Ac, Z5-10：Ac and ZS-12：Ac in pheromone gland extracts from individual females were （meaniSE） 40.451±13.66, 13.176±5.279, 14.943±5.142, 14.392±6.10 and 17.225±9.792 respectively, and the percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac and Z11-16：Ac were 58.75±9.429, 18.91±7.539 and 22.34±7.209. field trials indicated that each single component of sex pheromone was non-effective and captured no males. The lures baited with duality compound of AB （3 ： 1） had a certain attraction to males, the mean captured number was 2.6. The attraction ability of the lures baited with ternary compound of ABC （3 ： 1 ：1） to males added significantly, the mean captured number per trap was 7.40, which was 2.8 times of duality compound of AB （3 ： 1）. The contents of sex pheromone could obviously affect its capture ability to males, the mean captured number was the highest at the dosage of 200 μg.

关键词： Agrotis ypsilon Chemical analysis field trial Gas chromatography/High-resolution mass spectrometry Internal standard Sex pheromone Standard chemicals

Nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin does not affect yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions in a tropical grassland

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 265-278页

作者： Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO Cristina CHINCHILLA-SOTO Jorge Alberto ELIZONDO-SALAZAR Ronny BARBOZA Dong-Gill KIM Christoph MÜLLER Alberto SANZ-COBENA Azam BORZOUEI Khadim DAWAR Mohammad ZAMAN Environmental Pollution Research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica) Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station University of Costa RicaOchomogo 30304(Costa Rica) Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityP.O.Box 128Shashemene(Ethiopia) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff Ring 26Giessen 35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4(Ireland) Research Center for the Management of Environmental and Agricultural Risks(CEIGRAM) Department of Chemistry and Food Technology(ETSIAAB)Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid 28040(Spain) Nuclear Agriculture Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute(NSTRI)Karaj 31465-1498(Iran) Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Section Joint Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureDepartment of Nuclear Sciences and ApplicationsIAEAVienna International CentreP.O.Box 100Vienna 1400(Austria)

Urea is the most common nitrogen(N)fertilizer used in the tropics but it has the risk of high gaseous nitrogen(N)*** of nitrification inhibitor has been suggested as a potential mitigation measure for gaseous N losses in N fertilizer-applied *** a field trial on a tropical Andosol pastureland in Costa Rica,gaseous emissions of ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and grass yield were quantified from plots treated with urea(U;41.7 kg N ha^(-1)application^(-1))and urea plus the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin(U+NI;41.7 kg N ha^(-1)application^(-1)and 350 g of nitrapyrin for each 100 kg of N applied)and control plots(without U and NI)over a six-month period(rainy season).Volatilization of NH_(3)(August to November)in U(7.4%±1.3%of N applied)and U+NI(8.1%±0.9%of N applied)were not significantly different(P>0.05).Emissions of N_(2)O in U and U+NI from June to November were significantly different(P<0.05)only in October,when N_(2)O emission in U+NI was higher than that in *** and crude protein production of grass were significantly higher(P<0.05)in U and U+NI than in the control plots,but they were not significantly different between U and U+*** was no significant difference in yield-scaled N_(2)O emission between U(0.31±0.10 g N kg^(-1)dry matter)and U+NI(0.47±0.10 g N kg^(-1)dry matter).The results suggest that nitrapyrin is not a viable mitigation option for gaseous N losses under typical N fertilizer application practices of pasturelands at the study site.

关键词： ammonia volatilization Andosol Costa Rica field trial gaseous N loss greenhouse gas emission urea

Detection of biosignatures in Terrestrial analogs of Martian regions:Strategical and technical assessments

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第5期6卷 431-450页

作者： JianXun Shen Yan Chen Yu Sun Li Liu YongXin Pan Wei Lin Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

For decades, the search for potential signs of Martian life has attracted strong international interest and has led to significant planning and scientific implementation. Clearly, in order to detect potential life signals beyond Earth, fundamental questions, such as how to define such terms as “life” and “biosignature”, have been given considerable attention. Due to the high costs of direct exploration of Mars, Mars-like regions on Earth have been invaluable targets for astrobiological research, places where scientists could practice the search for “biosignatures” and refine ways to detect them. This review summarizes scientific instrumental techniques that have resulted from this work. Instruments must necessarily be our “eyes” and “hands” as we attempt to identify and quantify biosignatures on *** devices that can be applied in astrobiology include mass spectrometers and electromagnetic-spectrum-based spectrometers,redox potential indicators, circular dichroism polarimeters, in situ nucleic acid sequencers, life isolation/cultivation systems, and *** devices and how to interpret the data they collect have been tested in Mars-analog extreme environments on Earth to validate their practicality on Mars. To anticipate the challenges of instrumental detection of biosignatures through the full evolutionary history of Mars, Terrestrial Mars analogs are divided into four major categories according to their similarities to different Martian geological periods(the Early-Middle Noachian Period, the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian Period, the Late Hesperian-Early Amazonian Period, and the Middle-Late Amazonian Period). Future missions are suggested that would focus more intensively on Mars’ Southern Hemisphere, once landing issues there are solved by advances in spacecraft engineering, since exploration of these early terrains will permit investigations covering a wider continuum of the shifting habitability of Mars through its geological history. Finally,

关键词： biosignature detection framework extraterrestrial life evolutionary history of Mars field trial instrument Mars analog

Effect of non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus on aflatoxin contamination of pre-harvest peanuts in fields in China

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Oil Crop Science 2021年第2期6卷 81-86页

作者： Liying Yan Wanduo Song Yuning Chen Yanping Kang Yong Lei Dongxin Huai Zhihui Wang Xin Wang Boshou Liao Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsOil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430062China

Aflatoxin contamination of peanuts is one of the most concerns in peanut production in *** nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains,based on competitive exclusion,has been proved to be a promising strategy to reduce aflatoxin contamination in pre-harvest *** non-aflatoxigenic *** strains collected in China,which have been proved effectively reducing aflatoxin in the laboratory,were mixed with high aflatoxin producer to the soil in peanut growing *** two non-aflatoxigenic strains significantly(Pfield 1,and 84.96–99.33%in field *** aflatoxin was reduced 84.96–99.33%under drought stress in two *** present study indicated the non-aflatoxigenic *** strains could be potential biocontrol agents for reducing aflatoxin contamination under field condition.

关键词： Peanut Non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Aflatoxin reduction field trial

A contrast study on different gasifying agents of underground coal gasification at Huating Coal Mine

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2011年第2期17卷 181-186页

作者： WANG Zuo-tang HUANG Wen-gang ZHANG Peng XIN Lin State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008China School of Mines China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China

To optimize the technological parameter of underground coal gasification （UCG）, the experimental results of air gasification, air-steam gasification, oxygen-enrichment steam gasification, pure oxygen steam gasification and two-stage gasification were studied contrastively based on field trial at the Huating UCG project. The results indicate that the average low heat value of gas from air experiment is the lowest （4.1 MJ/Nm3） and the water gas from two-stage gasification experiment is the highest （10.72 MJ/Nm3）. The gas productivity of air gasification is the highest and the pure oxygen steam gasification is the lowest. The gasification efficiency of air gasification, air-steam gasification, oxygen-enriched steam gasification, pure oxygen steam gasification and two-stage gasification is listed in ascending order, ranging from 69.88% to 84.81%. Described a contract study on results of a field test using steam and various levels of oxygen enrichment of 21%, 32%, 42% and 100%. The results show that, with the increasing of O2 content in gasifying agents, the gas caloricity rises, and the optimal O2 concentration range to increase the gas caloricity is 30%-40%. Meanwhile, the consumption of O2 and steam increase, and the air consumption and steam decomposition efficiency fall.

关键词： contrast study gasifying agent underground coal gasification (UCG) field trial

A Revisit to the Swedish Wet Compaction Method—A Case Study of the Burvattnet Dam Reconstruction

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第2期13卷 282-291页

作者： Hans Rönnqvist Tina Påhlstorp Daniel Gustavsson RQV Teknik AB Hudiksvall Sweden AFRY Malmö Sweden Vattenregleringsföretagen Östersund Sweden

The Swedish Wet compaction method allows soil compaction at higher water content than conventional Dry compaction methods and can be used to advantage when difficulties arise in keeping to a certain Dry compaction water content. Wet compaction was frequently applied for dam core soils of glacial till (moraine) up until late 1970s, and despite several advantages it is since no longer used in engineering practice. During the reconstruction of Burvattnet Main Dam in Sweden, the lack of dry core soil together with severe weather conditions made Dry compaction almost impossible. On the basis of laboratory compaction tests performed in compliance with the standard from the 1950s, and field compaction trials on site, this paper describes the steps taken to revisit the Wet compaction method, which made it possible to continue the filling works in keeping with the timeline of the project.

关键词： Soil Compaction Wet Compaction Laboratory field trial Glacial Till