Detection of biosignatures in Terrestrial analogs of Martian regions:Strategical and technical assessments

作     者：JianXun Shen Yan Chen Yu Sun Li Liu YongXin Pan Wei Lin JianXun Shen;Yan Chen;Yu Sun;Li Liu;YongXin Pan;Wei Lin

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary PhysicsInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China 

出 版 物：《Earth and Planetary Physics》 (地球与行星物理（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第6卷第5期

页      面：431-450页

核心收录：

学科分类：071011[理学-生物物理学] 0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 070401[理学-天体物理] 0704[理学-天文学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant 41621004 the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZDBS-SSW-TLC001) the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB41010403) the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Key Research Programs of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS-201904 and IGGCAS-202102) 

主　　题：biosignature detection framework extraterrestrial life evolutionary history of Mars field trial instrument Mars analog 

摘      要：For decades, the search for potential signs of Martian life has attracted strong international interest and has led to significant planning and scientific implementation. Clearly, in order to detect potential life signals beyond Earth, fundamental questions, such as how to define such terms as “life and “biosignature, have been given considerable attention. Due to the high costs of direct exploration of Mars, Mars-like regions on Earth have been invaluable targets for astrobiological research, places where scientists could practice the search for “biosignatures and refine ways to detect them. This review summarizes scientific instrumental techniques that have resulted from this work. Instruments must necessarily be our “eyes and “hands as we attempt to identify and quantify biosignatures on *** devices that can be applied in astrobiology include mass spectrometers and electromagnetic-spectrum-based spectrometers,redox potential indicators, circular dichroism polarimeters, in situ nucleic acid sequencers, life isolation/cultivation systems, and *** devices and how to interpret the data they collect have been tested in Mars-analog extreme environments on Earth to validate their practicality on Mars. To anticipate the challenges of instrumental detection of biosignatures through the full evolutionary history of Mars, Terrestrial Mars analogs are divided into four major categories according to their similarities to different Martian geological periods(the Early-Middle Noachian Period, the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian Period, the Late Hesperian-Early Amazonian Period, and the Middle-Late Amazonian Period). Future missions are suggested that would focus more intensively on Mars’ Southern Hemisphere, once landing issues there are solved by advances in spacecraft engineering, since exploration of these early terrains will permit investigations covering a wider continuum of the shifting habitability of Mars through its geological history. Finally,