检索结果-南通市图书馆

Expression Profiling of Cassava Storage Roots Reveals an Active Process of Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第3期53卷 193-211页

作者： Jun Yang Dong An Peng Zhang Shanghai Center for Cassava Biotechnology National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chenshan Botanical Garden Shanghai 201602 China

Mechanisms related to the development of cassava storage roots and starch accumulation remain largely unknown. To evaluate genome-wide expression patterns during tuberization, a 60 mer oligonucleotide microarray representing 20 840 cassawl genes was designed to identify differentially expressed transcripts in fibrous roots, developing storage roots and mature storage roots. Using a random variance model and the traditional twofold change method for statistical analysis, 912 and 3 386 upregulated and downregulated genes related to the three developmental phases were identified. Among 25 significantly changed pathways identified, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was the most evident one. Rate-limiting enzymes were identified from each individual pathway, for example, enolase, L-lactate dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase for glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzyme and glucan phosphorylase for sucrose and starch metabolism. This study revealed that dynamic changes in at least 16% of the total transcripts, including transcription fac- tors, oxidoreductases/transferases/hydrolases, hormone-related genes, and effectors of homeostasis. The reliability of these differentially expressed genes was verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Tlhese studies should facilitate our understanding of the storage root formation and cassava improvement.

关键词： Roots Storage Rooting Cassava Transcription Genomes Genes Starch Statistical methods enzymes

Hepatoprotective actions of melatonin:Possible mediation by melatonin receptors

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6087-6097页

作者： Alexander M Mathes Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain MedicineSaarland University Hospital

Melatonin,the hormone of darkness and messenger of the photoperiod,is also well known to exhibit strong direct and indirect antioxidant properties. Melatonin has previously been demonstrated to be a powerful organ protective substance in numerous models of injury; these beneficial effects have been attributed to the hormone's intense radical scavenging capacity. The present report reviews the hepatoprotective potential of the pineal hormone in various models of oxidative stress in vivo,and summarizes the extensive literature showing that melatonin may be a suitable experimental substance to reduce liver damage after sepsis,hemorrhagic shock,ischemia/reperfusion,and in numerous models of toxic liver injury. Melatonin's influence on hepatic antioxidant enzymes and other potentially relevant pathways,such as nitric oxide signaling,hepatic cytokine and heat shock protein expression,are evaluated. Based on recent literature demonstrating the functional relevance of melatonin receptor activation for hepatic organ protection,this article finally suggests that melatonin receptors could mediate the hepatoprotective actions of melatonin therapy.

关键词： Antioxidant enzymes Hemorrhagic shock Hepatoprotection Ischemia Liver Liver function Melatonin Melatonin receptor Ramelteon Reperfusion Sepsis Toxic liver injury

Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第6期9卷 1113-1144页

作者： Yuhua Li Qiang Meng Mengbi Yang Dongyang Liu Xiangyu Hou Lan Tang Xin Wang Yuanfeng Lyu Xiaoyan Chen Kexin Liu Ai-Ming Yu Zhong Zuo Huichang Bi School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006China College of Pharmacy Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044China School of Pharmacy the Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Drug Clinical Trial Center Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China School of Life Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China UC Davis School of Medicine SacramentoCA 95817USA

Pharmacokinetics(PK)is the study of the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)processes of a drug.Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication.In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects:(1)an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK,as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the modulation of PK,providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy;(2)current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions,especially interactions between drugs and herbs,between drugs and therapeutic biologies,and microbiota-mediated interactions:(3)advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK,particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression;(4)trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies:(5)emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes,especially non-P450s.Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed,and may stimulate the development of new research models,technologies,and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.

关键词： Pharmacokinetics Drug metabolism Drug-drug interactions Modeling Metabolizing enzymes Transporters Nuclear receptors Noncoding RNAs

Pretreatment of Populus tomentiglandulosa protects hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils via increasing SODs expressions and maintaining BDNF and IGF-I expressions

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019年第6期17卷 424-434页

作者： Tae-Kyeong Lee Joon Ha Park Ji Hyeon Ahn Hyunjung Kim Minah Song Jae-Chul Lee Jong Dai Kim Yong Hwan Jeon Jung Hoon Choi Choong Hyun Lee In Koo Hwang YAN Bing-Chun Moo-Ho Won Il Jun Kang Department of Neurobiology School of MedicineKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Science Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyHallym UniversityChuncheon 24252Republic of Korea Division of Food Biotechnology School of BiotechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Radiology School of MedicineKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24289Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy College of Veterinary MedicineKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Pharmacy College of PharmacyDankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001China Department of Food Science and Nutrition Hallym UniversityChuncheon 24252Republic of Korea

To examine the effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa(PT) extract on the expressions of antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors in the cornu ammonis 1(CA1) region of the hippocampus at 5 min after inducing transient global cerebral ischemia(TGCI) in gerbils, TGCI was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries for 5 min. Before ischemic surgery, 200 mg·kg–1 PT extract was orally administrated once daily for 7 d. We performed neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B staining. Furthermore, we determined in situ production of superoxide anion radical, expression levels of SOD1 and SOD2 as antioxidant enzymes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) as neurotrophic factors. Pretreatment with 200 mg·kg–1 PT extract prevented neuronal death(loss). Furthermore, pretreatment with 200 mg·kg–1 PT extract significantly inhibited the production of superoxide anion radical, increased expressions of SODs and maintained expressions of BDNF and IGF-I. Such increased expressions of SODs were maintained in the neurons after IRI. In summary, pretreated PT extract can significantly increase levels of SODs and protect the neurons against TGCI, suggesting that PT can be a useful natural agent to protect against TGCI.

关键词： Transient global cerebral ischemia Populus tomentiglandulosa Neuroprotective effects Antioxidant enzymes

Effects of Carpobrotus edulis Extract on Oxidative Stress and 158N Oligodendrocyte Death

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期32卷 291-299页

作者： Amira Zarrouk Mohammed Ali Smach Jawhar Hafsa Randa Sghaier Hatem majdoub Mohammed Hammami Bassem Charfeddine Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Sousse Laboratory UR12ES05 ‘Nutrition Fonctionnels Food & Vascular Health'Faculty of Medicine Monastir Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials Faculty of Sciences of Monastir

Objective Age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, are associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and increase the levels of cholesterol auto-oxidation products such as 7β-hydroxycholesterol(7β-OHC). Thus, it is imperative to identify agents that can prevent 7β-OHC-induced side-effects. Methods We evaluated the potential protective effects of Carpobrotus edulis ethanol-water extract(EWe) on murine oligodendrocytes(158 N) cultured in the absence or presence of 7β-OHC(20 μg/mL, 24 h). The cells were incubated with EWe(20-200 μg/mL) 2 h before 7β-OHC treatment. Mitochondrial activity and cell growth were evaluated with the MTT assay. Photometric methods were used to analyze antioxidant enzyme [catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)] activities and the generation of lipid and protein oxidation products [malondialdehyde(MDA), conjugated diene(CD), and carbonylated proteins(CPs)]. Results Treatment with 7β-OHC induced cell death and oxidative stress(reflected by alteration in CAT and SOD activities). Overproduction of lipid peroxidation products(MDA and CDs) and CPs was also reported. The cytotoxic effects associated with 7β-OHC were attenuated by 160 μg/mL of EWe of C. edulis. Cell death induced by 7β-OHC treatment was ameliorated, GPx and CAT activities were restored to normal, and MDA, CD, and CP levels were reduced following C. edulis extract treatment. Conclusion These data demonstrate the protective activities of C. edulis EWe against 7β-OHC-induced disequilibrium in the redox status of 158 N cells, indicative of the potential role of this plant extract in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： 7β-hydroxycholesterol 158N oligodendrocytes Lipid peroxidation Antioxidant enzymes Carpobrotus edulis

Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 529-539页

作者： Sudhir Yadav Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources University of Hawaii at Manoa

Poultry is widely produced and consumed meat globally.Its demand is expected to continue increasing to meet the animal protein requirement for ever-increasing human population.Thus,the challenge that poultry scientists and industry face are to produce sufficient amount of poultry meat in the most efficient way.In the past,using antibiotics to promote the growth of poultry and manage gut microbiota was a norm.However,due to concerns over potential fatalistic impacts on food animals and indirectly to humans,their use as feed additives are banned or regulated in several jurisdictions.In this changed context,several alternative strategies have been proposed with some success that mimics the functions of antibiotics as growth promoters and modulate gut microbiota for their beneficial roles.These include the use of probiotics,prebiotics,organic acids,and exogenous enzyme,among others.Gut microbiota and their metabolic products improve nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and overall health and growth performance of poultry.This paper reviews the available information on the effect of feed additives used to modulate intestinal microbiota of poultry and their effects on overall health and growth performance.Understanding these functions and interactions will help to develop new dietary and managerial strategies that will ultimately lead to enhanced feed utilization and improved growth performance of poultry.This review will help future researchers and industry to identify alternative feed ingredients having properties like prebiotics,probiotics,organic acids,and exogenous enzymes.

关键词： enzymes Microbiota Organic acids Poultry Prebiotics Probiotics

Comparison of efficacy of folic acid and silymarin in the management of antiepileptic drug induced liver injury:a randomized clinical trial

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第3期16卷 296-302页

作者： Masoumeh Asgarshirazi Mamak Shariat Mahdi Sheikh Department of Pediatrics Vali-asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

BACKGROUND： Liver injury associated with antiepileptic drugs accounts for a large proportion of drug-induced liver injuries （DILI） in children. Although withdrawal of the causative agent is the only proved treatment for DILI, in some dinical situations it is not possible. Recent studies have reported promising results of using hepatoprotective drugs with antioxidant actions for the management of DILl. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of folic acid versus silymarin treatment in relation to decreasing liver enzymes in patients with DILI due to antiepileptic therapy. METHODS： This randomized, open-label, clinical trial evalu- ated 55 children with epilepsy who were on antiepileptic treat- ment and experienced DILL The children were randomized to receive either silymarin （5 mg/kg per day） or folic acid （1 mg per day） for one month and were followed up for three months. RESULTS： Liver enzymes significantly decreased in both groups. The decrease trend in alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were stronger in the folic acid group compared to silymarin group （P=0.04 and P=0.007, respectively）. At the end of the study patients in the folic acid group had significantly lower ALT （P=0.04）, AST （P=0.02）, and gamma-glntamyl transferase （GGT）（P〈0.001） levels and also higher percentage of normal ALT （30.7% vs 3.4%, P=0.009） and AST （42.3% vs 0%, P〈0.001）, and GGT （23.1% vs 0%, P=0.008） values compared to the patients in the silymarin group. No rebound elevations in ALT, AST and GGT levels or adverse reactions were noted in neither of the study groups.CONCLUSION： Although both treatments were safe and effective in decreasing liver enzymes, folic acid seems to be superior to silymarin in the management of DILl.

关键词： anticonvulsant antiepileptic enzymes hepatitis hepatotoxicity

Processing of ingredients and diets and effects on nutritional value for pigs

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 751-763页

作者： Oscar Javier Rojas Hans Henrik Stein Devenish Nutrition Fairmont MN 56031 USA Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA.

A conventional diet based on corn and soybean meal fed to pigs is usually provided in a mash form and in most cases, processing other than grinding and mixing is not used. However, due to the high cost of energy in pig diets,use of high fiber ingredients such as soybean hulls, distillers dried grains with solubles, and wheat middlings has increased. High fiber concentrations in the diet usually results in reduced energy and nutrient digestibility due to the low capacity of pigs to digest fiber, which negatively impacts growth performance and carcass composition of the pigs. Feed processing technologies such as changes in grinding procedures, expansion, extrusion, pelleting, use of enzymes or chemical treatments may, however, be used to solubilize some of the cel ulose and hemicel ulose fractions that form the cel wal of plants in the ingredients, and therefore, increase nutrient availability. This may have a positive effect on energy digestibility, and therefore, also on pig growth performance and carcass composition, but effects of different feed technologies on the nutritional value of feed ingredients and diets fed to pigs are not fully understood. It has however, been demonstrated that reduced particle size of cereal grains usually results in increased digestibility of energy, primarily due to increased digestibility of starch. Extrusion or expansion of ingredients or diets may also increase energy digestibility and it appears that the increase is greater in high fiber diets than in diets with lower concentrations of fiber. Chemical treatments have not consistently improved energy or nutrient digestibility, but a number of different enzymes may be used to increase the digestibility of phosphorus, calcium, or energy. Thus, there are several opportunities for using feed technology to improve the nutritional value of diets fed to pigs.

关键词： Chemical treatments enzymes Particle size Pig Processing Starch

Large-scale Identification and Time-course Quantification of Ubiquitylation Events During Maize Seedling De-etiolation

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 603-622页

作者： Yue-Feng Wang Qing Chao Zhe Li Tian-Cong Lu Hai-Yan Zheng Cai-Feng Zhao Zhuo Shen Xiao-Hui Li Bai-Chen Wang Photosynthesis Research Center CAS Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Crop Germplasm Resources Institute Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesGongzhuling 136100China Precision Scientific(Beijing)Co. Beijing 100085China Advanced Biotechnology and Application Research Center School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine Biological Mass Spectrometry FacilityRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ 08855USA College of Life Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The ubiquitin system is crucial for the development and fitness of higher plants.De-etiolation, during which green plants initiate photomorphogenesis and establish autotrophy, is a dramatic and complicated process that is tightly regulated by a massive number of ubiquitylation/de-ubiquitylation events. Here we present site-specific quantitative proteomic data for the ubiquitylomes of de-etiolating seedling leaves of Zea mays L.(exposed to light for 1, 6, or 12 h)achieved through immunoprecipitation-based high-resolution mass spectrometry(MS). Through the integrated analysis of multiple ubiquitylomes, we identified and quantified 1926 unique ubiquitylation sites corresponding to 1053 proteins. We analyzed these sites and found five potential ubiquitylation motifs, KA, AXK, KXG, AK, and TK. Time-course studies revealed that the ubiquitylation levels of 214 sites corresponding to 173 proteins were highly correlated across two replicate MS experiments, and significant alterations in the ubiquitylation levels of 78 sites(fold change >1.5) were detected after de-etiolation for 12 h. The majority of the ubiquitylated sites we identified corresponded to substrates involved in protein and DNA metabolism, such as ribosomes and histones.Meanwhile, multiple ubiquitylation sites were detected in proteins whose functions reflect the major physiological changes that occur during plant de-etiolation, such as hormone synthesis/signaling proteins, key C4 photosynthetic enzymes, and light signaling proteins. This study on the ubiquitylome of the maize seedling leaf is the first attempt ever to study the ubiquitylome of a C4 plant and provides the proteomic basis for elucidating the role of ubiquitylation during plant de-etiolation.

关键词： Maize seedling leaf De-etiolation Ubiquitylation C4 photosynthetic enzymes Ribosome