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Anatomy and embryology of umbilicus in newborns： a review and clinical correlations

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Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第3期10卷 271-277页

作者： Abdelmonem A. Hegazy Department of Anatomy and embryology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt

Umbilicus is considered a mirror of the abdomen in newborns. Despite its importance, the umbilicus has been stated in literature and textbooks as discrete subjects with many body systems, such as the urinary, digestive, and cardiovascular ones. This article aimed to address the basic knowledge of the umbilicus in relation to clinical disorders under one integrated topic to aid physicians and surgeons in assessing newborns and infants. The umbilicus appears as early as the fourth week of fetal life when the folding of the embryonic plate occurs. The umbilicus appears initially as a primitive umbilical ring on the ventral aspect of the body. The primitive umbilicus contains the connecting stalk, umbilical vessels, vitelline duct and vessels, allantois, and loop of the intestine. Changes occur to form the definitive cord, which contains three umbilical vessels, namely, ＂one vein and two arteries,＂ embedded in Wharton＇s jelly. After birth, the umbilical vessels inside the body obliterate and gradually form ligaments. Congenital disorders at the umbilicus include herniation, bleeding, and discharge of mucous, urine, or feces. Some of these disorders necessitate emergent surgical interference, whereas others may be managed conservatively. The umbilicus has many embryological remnants. Thus, the umbilicus is prone to various clinical disorders. Detecting these disorders as early as possible is essential to prevent or minimize possible complications.

关键词： anatomy embryology newboms umbilicus

embryology of Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn. and its systematic relationship

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2007-2020页

作者： Lijuan Fan Karl H.Hasenstein Ling Wang College of Landscape Architecture Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China Department of Biology University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLA 70504USA

Iris sangumea Dorm ex Horn. is a perennial cold-tolerant herbs of the Iris genus of Iridaceae, which has a well-formed, bright color and adaptability. Through understanding the fl ower bud differentiation, Sporogenesis, gametogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis of I. sangumea, we developed fl owering regulation and control breeding. I. sangumea fl ower bud differentiation was observed in April for 21 days; in this stage, the early differentiation process was slow, temperature was more than 5 °C, if the temperature is shorter than this, most fl ower bud will have no differentiation, and turn to vegetative growth; later differentiation is faster and required temperature is from 5 to 8 °C and gradually rose to 10-12 °C. The temperature in April plays the defi nitely role in the number of bud differentiation. Three stamina contain tetrasporangiate anthers and a glandular tapetum. The anther wall is composed of four cell layers inclduding the epidermis, the endothecium, one middle layer and the secretory tapetum. The type of anther wall development the dicotyledonous type. After pollen maturation, the anther wall forms a double-layer containing only epidermis and endothecium. Simultaneous cytokinesis is of the continuous type during meiosis of microspore mother cell results in a zygomorphous or tetragonal tetrad. Mature pollen grains are two-celled. I. sangumea ’s stylar canal is hollow, open type style, and the gynoecium has three carpels. The ovaries have axial placentas. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The primary sporogenous cell differentiates directly as the megaspore. The megaspore tetrads are linear, T-shaped or juxtaposed. Generally, the fi rst of the tetrad megaspores at the chalaza becomes functional while the other three degenerate. A mature embryo sac with seven cells and eight nuclei embryo sac is of the polygonum type. For dichogamy, the male gametophyte matures about 2 days earlier than the female gametophyte. The pollen tube entered into the embryo sac for 22–24 h after pol

关键词： Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn Flower bud diff erentiation embryology

Synthetic Human Embryo-Like Structure: A New Paradigm for Human embryology

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医用生物力学 2019年第A01期34卷 25-26页

作者： Jianping Fu Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineeringand Department of Cell & Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan

Early human embryonic development remains mysterious due to drastic species divergences between humans and othermammalian models and limited accessibility to human embryo samples. Recent studies from my laboratory and others haveshown that under suitable culture conditions human pluripotent stem cells ( hPSCs) can undergo intricate morphogenetic eventsand self-organize to form patterned human embryo-like structures in vitro. These synthetic human embryonic tissueshold great promises for advancing human embryology and reproductive medicine. In this talk,I will describe a hPSC-based,synthetic 3D model of human post-implantation development that recapitulates key developmental landmarks successively,including pro-amniotic cavity formation,amniotic ectoderm-epiblast patterning,primordial germ cell specification,and developmentof the primitive streak with controlled anteroposterior polarity ( Fig.1) . We further show that the amniotic ectoderm,as the first lineage that segregates from the epiblast upon implantation of the human embryo,functions as a signaling centerto trigger primitive streak development in the epiblast. Together,our research has developed a powerful synthetic embryologicalmodel and provided new understandings of previously inaccessible but critical embryogenic events in human development.

关键词： A New Paradigm for Human embryology Synthetic Human Embryo-Like Structure

embryology of the nose:The evo-devo concept

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2016年第2期6卷 33-40页

作者： Roger Jankowski Samuel Márquez Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Faculté de Médecine Université de Lorraine Departments of Cell Biology and Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Medical Center

Aim was to gather relevant knowledge in evolution and development to find a rational explanation for the intricate and elaborate anatomy of the nose. According to classic embryology, the philtrum of the upper lip, nasal dorsum, septum and primary palate develop from the intermaxillary process, and the lateral walls of the nasal pyramid from the lateral nasal processes. The palatal shelves, which are outgrowths of the maxillary processes, form the secondary palate. The median nasal septum develops inferiorly from the roof of the nasal cavity. These valuable embryologic data do not explain the complex intricacy of the many anatomical structures comprising the nose. The evo-devo theory offers a rational explanation to this complex anatomy. Phylogenically, the nose develops as an olfactory organ in fish before becoming respiratory in tetrapods. During development, infolding of the olfactory placodes occurs, bringing the medial olfactory processes to form the septolateral cartilage while the lateral olfactory processes form the alar cartilages. The olfactory fascia units these cartilages to the olfactory mucosa, that stays separated from brain by the cartilaginous olfactory capsule(the ethmoid bone forerunner). Phylogenically, the respiratory nose develops between mouth and olfactory nose by rearrangement of the dermal bones of the secondary palate, which appears in early tetrapods. During development, the palatal shelves develop into the palatine processes of the maxillary bones, and with the vomer, palatine, pterygoid and inferior turbinate bones form the walls of the nasal cavity after regression of the transverse lamina. Applying the evolutionary developmental biology(evo-devo) discipline on our present knowledge of development, anatomy and physiology of the nose, significantly expands and places this knowledge in proper perspective. The clinicopathologies of nasal polyposis, for example, occurs specifically in the ethmoid labyrinth or, woodworker's adenocarcinomas, occurring only in the olfactory cleft can now be

关键词： Nose Evo-devo embryology Development Anatomy

Exploratory practice of bilingual education integrated with the PBL model in the teaching of histology and embryology

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Medical Bulletin of Shanghai Jiaotong University 2015年第2期27卷 165-168页

作者： Ting-ting WU Jian-guo LI Song YU Zhi-de DING Chen XU Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

The bilingual education integrated with PBL method is a new teaching model which gives consideration to knowledge,ability and professional foreign language.It reflects the international integration for the reform idea of medical education.The teaching practice indicated this model might be feasible in histology and embryology.It brings not only the classic medical knowledge but also the latest medical developments to the classroom.This new teaching model plays a role in the cultivation of the ability to solve problems independently and team spirit for students.It helps students to improve their knowledge,skills,level of foreign language and quality.

关键词： reform of medical education bilingual education problem-based learning histology and embryology

Histological age estimation of the eggs of Calliphora vicina Robineau Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第1期3卷 40-51页

作者： Michael Pais Melanie S.Archer Department of Forensic Medicine Victorian Institute of Forensic MedicineMonash UniversitySouthbankVictoriaAustralia

Aging blow fly eggs can be critical to a forensic investigation,but there are currently no forensically useful timelines describing internal anatomical changes in embryological development.This is partly due to the lack of an economical,rapid and technically simple histological technique to allow mass production of slides for research and casework.We present a histological method that uses a slightly modified standard laboratory processing run with 1 h fixation in 10% formalin,2 h softening in Molliflex and Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining.We also present a summary of the internal anatomical changes that can be visualized using our technique in the developing eggs of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae).We examined eggs from at least three different females grown at 15 ℃ and sampled at 6 h intervals,and eggs grown at 20 ℃ and sampled at 3 h intervals.Blind aging trials demonstrated that it is possible to accurately age material grown at 20 ℃ to within 6 h (but attempts to further narrow this interval resulted in errors in one-third of cases).It was also possible to see sufficient anatomical detail to age eggs preserved for forensic casework 5,8,9,10 and 11 years previously.Additionally,we determined that section quality was improved by 5 s fixation in hot water prior to preservation in ethanol.However,hot water fixation for longer than this increased the level of section artefact.

关键词： Forensic science forensic entomology Calliphoridae Calliphora vicina eggs histology embryology

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck—an old problem revisited

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第4期7卷 517-519页

作者： John Bunni Mark Gillam Ian Michael Pope Department of General Surgery Bristol Royal InfirmaryBristol BS28HWUK

Herein the authors describe the case of a young woman presenting with a tender lump in her groin.Clinically the differential was of either a reactive lymph node or a femoral hernia.Ultrasound scan was urgently arranged and showed a cystic lesion.Surgical exploration was carried out and revealed this to be a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck.This was excised and the patient’s symptoms resolved and she was discharged home the following day.We explore the embryology,pathophysiology and management of this rare entity.

关键词： canal of Nuck hernia embryology

Cytological Events during Zygote Formation of the Fern Ceratopteris thalictroides

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第3期52卷 254-264页

作者： Jian-Guo Cao Quan-Xi Wang Nai-Ying Yang Wen-Mei Bao College of Life and Environment Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China

The cytological events, including nuclear fusion, digestion of male organelles and rebuilding of the plasmalemma and cell wall, during zygote formation of the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides （L.） Brongn. are described based on the observations of transmission electron microscopy. When the spermatozoid enters the egg and contacts the cytoplasm, the male chromatin relaxes continually. The microtubular ribbon （MTr） is separated from the male nucleus and then an envelope reappears around the male nucleus. During nuclear fusion, the egg nucleus becomes highly irregular and extends some nuclear protrusions. It is proposed that the protrusions fuse with the male nucleus actively. After nuclear fusion the irregular zygotic nucleus contracts gradually. It becomes spherical before the zygote divides. The male chromatin is identifiable as fibrous structure in the zygotic nucleus in the beginning, but it gradually becomes diffused completely. The male organelles, including the MTr, multilayered structure, flagella and the male mitochondria are finally digested in the zygotic cytoplasm. Finally a new plasmalemma and cell wall are formed outside the protoplast. The organelles in the zygote are rearranged, which produces a horizontal polarity zygote. The zygote divides with an oblique-vertical cell plate facing the apical notch of the gametophyte.

关键词： embryology FERNS CERATOPTERIS thalictroides MALE reproductive organs CHROMATIN FLAGELLA (Microbiology) PLANT reproduction

Does cranial-medial mixed dominant approach have a unique advantage for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第3期14卷 221-235页

作者： Li Lin Si-Bo Yuan Huan Guo Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Zhongshan HospitalXiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Complete mesocolic excision(CME)with central vascular ligation(CVL)was proposed by Hohenberger in 2009.The CME principle has gradually become the technical standard for colon cancer surgery.How to achieve CME with CVL in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy(LRH)is controversial,and a unified standard approach is not yet available.In recent years,the authors’team has integrated the theory of membrane anatomy,tried to combine the cephalic approach with the classic medial approach(MA)for technical optimization,and proposed a cranialmedial mixed dominant approach(CMA).AIM To explore the feasibility of operational approaches for LRH with CME.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,the clinical data of 57 patients with right-sided colon cancer(TNM stage I,II,or III)who underwent LRH with CME from January 2016 to June 2020 were collected and summarized.There were 31 patients in the traditional MA group and 26 in the CMA group.RESULTS There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups.The operation was shorter and the number of lymph nodes dissected was higher in the CMA group than in the MA group,but there was no significant difference in the number of positive lymph nodes,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative exhaust time,feeding time,postoperative hospital stay or postoperative complication incidence.CONCLUSION Our study shows that the CMA is a safe and feasible procedure for LRH with CME and has a unique advantage.

关键词： Right hemicolectomy Laparoscopic surgery Complete mesocolic excision Mesocolon embryology Colon cancer