Anatomy and embryology of umbilicus in newborns： a review and clinical correlations

作     者：Abdelmonem A. Hegazy 

作者机构：Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt 

出 版 物：《Frontiers of Medicine》 (医学前沿（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第10卷第3期

页      面：271-277页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 090603[农学-临床兽医学] 071010[理学-生物化学与分子生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 07[理学] 09[农学] 0906[农学-兽医学] 

主　　题：anatomy embryology newboms umbilicus 

摘      要：Umbilicus is considered a mirror of the abdomen in newborns. Despite its importance, the umbilicus has been stated in literature and textbooks as discrete subjects with many body systems, such as the urinary, digestive, and cardiovascular ones. This article aimed to address the basic knowledge of the umbilicus in relation to clinical disorders under one integrated topic to aid physicians and surgeons in assessing newborns and infants. The umbilicus appears as early as the fourth week of fetal life when the folding of the embryonic plate occurs. The umbilicus appears initially as a primitive umbilical ring on the ventral aspect of the body. The primitive umbilicus contains the connecting stalk, umbilical vessels, vitelline duct and vessels, allantois, and loop of the intestine. Changes occur to form the definitive cord, which contains three umbilical vessels, namely, ＂one vein and two arteries,＂ embedded in Wharton＇s jelly. After birth, the umbilical vessels inside the body obliterate and gradually form ligaments. Congenital disorders at the umbilicus include herniation, bleeding, and discharge of mucous, urine, or feces. Some of these disorders necessitate emergent surgical interference, whereas others may be managed conservatively. The umbilicus has many embryological remnants. Thus, the umbilicus is prone to various clinical disorders. Detecting these disorders as early as possible is essential to prevent or minimize possible complications.