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DEVELOPMENT OF COMMON WHEAT GERM-PLASM RESISTANT TO BARLEY YELLOW dwarf VIRUS BY BIOTECHNOLOGY

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第9期34卷 1055-1062页

作者：辛志勇徐惠君陈孝林志珊周广和钱幼亭成卓敏 P. J. LARKIN P. BANKS R. APPELS B. GLARKE AND R. I. S. BRETTELL Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation GAAS Institute of Plant Protection GAAS CSIRO Division of Plant IndustryAustralia

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in China. So far no resistance has been described in common wheat. A certain level of BYDV resistance was found in thirteen Triticeae species. Thinopyrum intermedium, two octoploids derived from TH. intermedium/wheat, Zhong 4 awnless and TAF46, and one disomic addition line, L1 derived from TAF46, showed good resistance to BYDV by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two wheat/TA. intermedium translocation lines, CPI 119880 and CPI 119899, showing good BYDV resistance were developed from L1 by using both CSph mutant and tissue culture. It is found that their BYDV resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. Two cDNA probes pEleAcc3 and pPJN8 (E1-T1) were screened for detecting Th. intermedium DNA in wheat background. A specific band for the DNA of Th. intermedium and its derivatives was found in Southern hybridization. It is also possible to determine the size of the alien segment by comparing the relative density

关键词： wheat yellow dwarf virus barley yellow dwarf virus Thinopyrum intermedium addition line translocation line cDNA probe.

Construction of a genetic map and location of quantitative trait loci for dwarf trait in maize by RFLP markers

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第3期45卷 247-250页

作者： CAO Yongguo WANG Guoying WANG Shoucai WEI Yanling LU Jiang XIE Youju DAI Jingrui College of Plant Science and Technology Chinese Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China National Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology Chinese Agricultural UniverysityBeijing 100094China Florida A&M University TallahasseeFL 32307USA

Using F2 population derived from the cross of tall inbred 7922 by dwarf inbred 5003, an RFLP linkage map of maize has been constructed, on which 85 markers are distributed among 10 linkage groups and span maize genome about 1827.8 cM with an average distance (24.4 cM) between markers. 106 F2:3 lines of the population were grown in a 10×11 simple rectangular lattice design of one-raw plots with two replications and evaluated for plant height (PH). With interval mapping procedure, 5 QTLs controlling plant height have been identified and their genetic effects and gene action determined. 2 major OTLs with opposite effect have been discovered. One for increasing plant height is ph 1 which is located at chromosome 2 and accounts for 51.8% of the total phenotypic variation; the other for decreasing plant height is ph3 which is located at chromosome 5 and accounts for 38.6% of the total phenotypic variation. The chromosomal location of ph3 might be the same as or close to the position of bv1, a dwarf mutant

关键词： Zea mays L. RFLP genetic map dwarf trait major QTL.

A novel and powerful approach for designing future crops—target editing promoter overcomes tradeoffs caused by gene pleiotropy

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第10期65卷 2128-2130页

作者： Qingqing Hou Jing Wang Xuewei Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China and Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University at WenjiangChengdu 61l130China

Over the past decades,crop breeding has undergone genetic improvement through semi-dwarfness,heterosis,and ideal plant architecture,which increases yield tremendously to feed the growing population worldwide.However,crop breeding is still largely constrained by tradeoffs among different agronomic traits,such as negative correlation between seed size and number.

关键词： breeding crops dwarf

Redesigning green revolution trait with increased grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency by reducing brassinosteroid signaling in semidwarf wheat

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中国科学:生命科学英文版 2023年第10期66卷 2448-2450页

作者： Hongqing Guo Yanhai Yin Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyPlant Sciences InstituteIowa State UniversityAmes Iowa 50011USA

Securing food and feed for the increasing world population and decreasing arable land is one of the major challenges of our time.Green revolution or agriculture revolution was propelled by the use of semidwarf rice and wheat varieties around the world since the 1960s(Peng et al.,1999;Sasaki et al.,2002).The semi-dwarfness leads to lodging resistance and thus allows planting of crops in high densities。

关键词： dwarf crops planting

Cloning and functional characterization of Rht8,a“Green Revolution”replacement gene in wheat

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Molecular Plant 2022年第3期15卷 373-376页

作者： Hongchun Xiong Chunyun Zhou Meiyu Fu Huijun Guo Yongdun Xie Linshu Zhao Jiayu Gu Shirong Zhao Yuping Ding Yuting Li Jiazi Zhang Ke Wang Xuejun Li Luxiang Liu Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular BreedingNational Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop ImprovementBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China

Dear Editor,Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is a major staple crop in the world and provides~20%of the food calories for human consumption(Appels et al.,2018).During the 1960s and 1970s,the introduction of two semi-dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in wheat varieties strikingly improved lodging resistance and harvest index,and therefore substantially increased grain yield,resulting in the well-known"Green Revolution"(Peng et al.,1999).However,plants carrying Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b suffer from several drawbacks.

关键词： aestivum dwarf Wheat

Atypical features in two adult patients with Cockayne syndrome and analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第17期136卷 2110-2112页

作者： Haoling Cheng Dianfu Chen Zhiying Wu Ning Wang Department of Neurology First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350005China Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310000China Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350005China

To the Editor:Cockayne syndrome(CS;Mendelian Inheritance in Man#133540,216400)is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder described by Edward Cockayne in 1936.[1]The prevalence of CS is 2.7 per million live births,[2]and the disease is probably underdiagnosed.The major clinical features are progressive growth failure and microcephaly as well as other characteristics such as a“cachectic dwarfism”appearance with sunken eyes,cutaneous photosensitivity,mental retardation,demyelinating peripheral neuropathy,pigmentary retinopathy,cataracts,deafness,dental anomalies,and premature death.[1,3]There is considerable variation in the severity of the disorder,leading to classification into three main types.

关键词： dwarf analysis retardation

Beyond the Green Revolution: Improving crop productivity and sustainability by modulating plant growth-metabolic coordination

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Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 573-576页

作者： Qian Liu Kun Wu Yunzhe Wu Wenzhen Song Shuoxun Wang Xiangdong Fu State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Rice is one of the most important staple food for over half the world's population.New evidence from the Food and Agriculture Organization shows that the number of hungry people in the world is growing,reaching more than 690 million in 2020.It is an urgent task to increase crop production to feed the people suffering from chronic hunger in the world.The Green Revolution of the 1960s boosted cereal yields through widespread adoption of semi-dwarf varieties and extensive use of inorganic fertilizers(Khush,2001).Today,the most productive Green Revolution varieties(GRVs)of rice and wheat in the world retain semi-dwarf phenotypes,which have several advantages over tall traditional varieties:(1)they have a lower center of gravity of the plant body,which decreases the risk of lodging and allows farmers to apply excessive fertilizers to obtain high yield;(2)they have an increased harvest index,which enables plants to allocate more energy and resources to seed production。

关键词： dwarf coordination fertilizers

Phenotype and mechanism analysis of plant dwarfing in pear regulated by abscisic acid

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1346-1356页

作者： LIU Jian-long ZHANG Chen-xiao LI Tong-tong LIANG Cheng-lin YANG Ying-jie LI Ding-Li CUI Zhen-hua WANG Ran SONG Jian-kun College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109P.R.China Haidu College Qingdao Agricultural UniversityLaiyang 265200P.R.China

Close planting of dwarf varieties is currently the main cultivation direction for pear trees,and the screening of excellent dwarf varieties is an important goal for breeders.In this study,the dwarfing pear variety‘601D’and its vigorous mutant‘601T’were used to show their biological characteristics and further explore the dwarfing mechanism in‘601D’.The biological characteristics showed that‘601D’had a shorter internode length,a shorter and more compact tree body,thicker and broader leaves,lower stomata density,larger stomata size(dimension),and higher photosynthetic capacity.The biological characteristics of‘601T’showed notable contrasts.The results of endogenous hormone tests indicated that the contents of abscisic acid(ABA),ABA-glucosyl ester,and GA_(4) were higher in‘601D’,but the trans-zeatin content was lower.By transcriptomic analysis,significant differences were found in the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of ABA.Related transcription factors such as bHLH,WRKY,and homeobox also participated in the regulation of plant dwarfing.We therefore examined three hormones with obvious differences with‘601T’,and found that only ABA could induce‘601T’to return to a dwarfing plant phenotype.Therefore,we conclude that the dwarfing of‘601D’is caused by an excessive accumulation of ABA.This study provides a new theoretical basis for breeding dwarf varieties.

关键词： dwarf pear phenotype abscisic acid transcriptomic analysis

Toward the next step to the New Green Revolution

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Molecular Plant 2023年第5期16卷 802-803页

作者： Tadao Asami Graduate School of Life and Agricultural Sciences The University of Tokyo1-1-1 YayoiBunkyoTokyo 113-8657Japan

The“Green Revolution”spread worldwide due to the propagation of the causative gene of a semi-dwarf variety of wheat Norin 10 mutant,which was bred by Dr.Gonjiro Inazuka in 1935.This dwarf variety was later used to help produce high-yielding,semi-dwarf winter wheat varieties by Prof.Orille Vogel,which were then crossed with Mexican wheat varieties to produce a dwarf variety by Dr.Norman Borlaug in 1953.dwarf wheat is more productive because it is less prone to lodging and allows higher nitrogen fertilizer application.The introduction of dwarf wheat to agriculture later contributed significantly to improve food security in developing countries by increasing world wheat productivity five-fold.The leader of the project,Dr.Borlaug,was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work and is known as the father of the Green Revolution.Studies on wheat semi-dwarfism derived from Norin 10 by Prof.Mike Gale led to the molecular characterization of the Rht1 gene(Gale and Marshall,1976).In 1999,Prof.Harberd and his group identified the DELLA protein,a gibberellin(GA)signaling factor previously reported in Arabidopsis,as the causal gene corresponding to the phenotype Rht1 and demonstrated that variant forms of the GA–DELLA mechanism are crucial to yield(Peng et al.,1999).In rice,a GA biosynthesis mutant that exhibits a semi-dwarf phenotype due to stabilization of the rice DELLA protein SLR1 also played an important role in increasing yield(Sasaki et al.,2002).The induction of dwarfism through the use of GA biosynthesis inhibitors is also an important mechanism for increasing food production in wheat and rice(Rademacher,2000).However,this increase has recently reached a plateau.In addition,varieties used in the Green Revolution have low soil mineral nutrient(nitrogen)use efficiency(NUE)and rely on environmentally unsustainable fertilizer applications to achieve high yields.In this context,new approaches for increasing yields are essential for future food security by a way to coordinate high yield and NUE characteristics in cereal pr

关键词： dwarf wheat metabolism