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Mobility in China, 2020: a tale of four phases

National Science Review 2021年第11期8卷 110-120页

作者： Suoyi Tan Shengjie Lai Fan Fang Ziqiang Cao Bin Sai Bing Song Bitao Dai Shuhui Guo Chuchu Liu Mengsi Cai Tong Wang Mengning Wang Jiaxu Li Saran Chen Shuo Qin Jessica R.Floyd Zhidong Cao Jing Tan Xin Sun Tao Zhou Wei Zhang Andrew J.Tatem Petter Holme Xiaohong Chen Xin Lu School of Business Central South University Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovations Hunan University of Technology and Business College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense Technology WorldPop School of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Southampton School of Mathematics and Big Data Foshan University State Key Laboratory on Blind Signal Processing State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Big Data Research Center University of Electronic Science and Technology of China West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Tokyo Tech World Hub Research Initiative Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology

2020 was an unprecedented year,with rapid and drastic changes in human mobility due to the COVID-19 pandemic.To understand the variation in commuting patterns among the Chinese population across stable and unstable periods,we used nationwide mobility data from 318 million mobile phone users in China to examine the extreme fluctuations of population movements in 2020,ranging from the Lunar New Year travel season(chunyun), to the exceptional calm of COVID-19 lockdown,and then to the recovery period.We observed that cross-city movements,which increased substantially in chunyun and then dropped sharply during the lockdown,are primarily dependent on travel distance and the socio-economic development of cities.Following the Lunar New Year holiday,national mobility remained low until mid-February,and COVID-19 interventions delayed more than 72.89 million people returning to large cities.Mobility network analysis revealed clusters of highly connected cities,conforming to the social-economic division of urban agglomerations in China.While the mass migration back to large cities was delayed,smaller cities connected more densely to form new clusters.During the recovery period after travel restrictions were lifted,the netflows of over 55% city pairs reversed in direction compared to before the lockdown.These findings offer the most comprehensive picture of Chinese mobility at fine resolution across various scenarios in China and are of critical importance for decision making regarding future public-health-emergency response,transportation planning and regional economic development,among others.

关键词： human mobility travel restrictions COVID-19 mobile phone data behavioral response

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Facial expression recognition in golden snub-nosed monkeys

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 695-697页

作者： Haitao Zhao Jiaxuan Li Xiaowei Wang Ruliang PAN Chengliang Wang Yi Ren Yan Wang Baoguo Li Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an710069China Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Xi'an710032China Graduate School of Management University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Centre Dali UniversityDali671000China School of Human Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China

For socialized animals,such as prinlates,emotions arc the expression of internal states,which may be recognized by others to adjust an in dividual's potential actions(Girard and Bellone 2020).Facial expressions are therefore important signals in communication(e.g.,happy or in pain)and can help individuals understand potential meanings between each other(Dolensek et al.2020).Facial expressions can be expressed and processed freely and are useful in social interactions and bonding(Waller et al.2016).

关键词： Rhinopithecus roxellana facial expression social cog nition social interaction behavioral response

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Bacterial volatiles elicit differential olfactory responses in insect species from the same and different trophic levels

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Insect Science 2023年第5期30卷 1464-1480页

作者： Francine Antoinette Cornelus van Neerbos Peter Dewitte Felix Wäckers Tom Wenseleers Hans Jacquemyn Bart Lievens CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management(PME&BIM) Department M2SKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Leuven Plant Institute(LPI) KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution Biology DepartmentKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Biobest WesterloBelgium Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology DepartmentKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources.To locate their resources,insects use diverse stimuli,including olfactory,visual,acoustic,tactile and gustatory cues.While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects,there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted by microorganisms.However,to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs.In this study,we used Y-tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels.Experiments were performed using two aphid species(Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var.nicotianae Blackman),three primary parasitoid species(Aphidius colemani Viereck,A.ervi Haliday,and A.matricariae Viereck),and two hyperparasitoid species(Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani).Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains(Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133,Curtobacterium sp.ST18.16/085,and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160)that were isolated from the habitat of the insects.Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles,but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels.All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds,but often in different relative concentrations.For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.Furthermore,olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical-based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.

关键词： aphids behavioral response hyperparasitoids parasitoids trophic chain

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Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Cotesia plutellae to plant volatiles

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 245-252页

作者： Guang Yang You-Nan Zhang Geoff M. Gurr Liette Vasseur Min-Sheng You Institute of Applied Ecology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan China Ministry Agriculture Fuzhou Chin provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology Fuzhou China Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences Putian China Graham Centre Charles Sturt University & NSW Department of Primary Industries Orange New South Wales Australia Department of Biological Sciences Brock University 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario Canada

Plant volatiles have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulat- ing the behavior of Cotesia plutellae, a major larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella, but little is currently known about the function of each volatile and their mixtures. We selected 13 volatiles of the DBM host plant, a cruciferous veg- etable, to study the electroantennogram （EAG） and behavioral responses of C. plutellae. EAG responses to each of the compounds generally increased with concentration. Strong EAG responses were to 100 μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal and cis-3- hexenol, and 10/zL/mL of trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde with the strongest response provoked by trans-2-hexenal at 100μL/mL. In the Y-tube olfactometer, C. plutellae, was significantly attracted by 1μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde.β-caryophyllene, cis-3-hexenol or trans-2-hexenal significantly attracted C. plutellae at 10μL/mL, while nonanal, benzyl alcohol, cis-3-hexenol or benzyl cyanide at 100μL/mL significantly at- tracted C. plutellae. Trans-2-hexenal significantly repelled C. plutellae at 100 μL/mL. EAG of C. plutellae showed strong responses to all mixtures made of five various com- pounds with mixtures 3 （trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, cis-3-hexenol, benzyl cyanide, farnesene, eucalyptol） and 4 （trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, （R）- （＋）-limonene,β-ionone, farnesene, eucalyptol） significantly attracting C. plutellae. These findings demonstrate that the behavior of C. plutellae can be affected either by individual compounds or mixtures of plant volatiles, suggesting a potential of using plant volatiles to improve the efficiency of this parasitoid for biocontrol ofP. xylostella.

关键词： behavioral response Cotesia plutellae electroantennogram response herbivore-induced plant volatile

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A larval specific OBP able to bind the major female sex pheromone component in Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1356-1366页

作者： JIN Rong LIU Nai-yong LIU Yan DONG Shuang-lin Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University

Odorant binding proteins （OBPs） in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors （ORs） located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP cDNA, namely SexiOBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） measurement indicated that SexiOBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of SexiOBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, SexiOBP13 displayed a high binding affinity （Ki=3.82 IJmol L-1） to Z9,E12-14：Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles （Ki〉27 μmol L-l）. The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12-14：Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that SexiOBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.

关键词： odorant binding protein female sex pheromone larval specificity binding affinity behavioral response

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An overview of research efforts to understand the effects of underwater sound on cetaceans

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Water Biology and Security 2023年第2期2卷 1-12页

作者： Shane Guan Tiffini Brookens Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Environmental Studies ProgramUSA Marine Mammal Commission USA The Catholic University of America USA

Cetaceans are aquatic mammals living in an environment that is more suited for hearing than vision.As such,their sensory systems largely utilize acoustic cues for navigation,communication,foraging,and predator avoidance.However,the elevation of underwater sound levels from increased human activities has adversely affected cetaceans’use of sound to perform vital life functions.To address those impacts,scientific studies have been conducted to understand the behavioral,psychoacoustical,physiological,and physical responses by cetaceans that have been exposed to anthropogenic sound.These studies range from captive experiments involving auditory thresholds and noise-induced threshold shifts,to field observations of behavioral disturbance from sound exposure,to post-mortem examinations of physical manifestations in stranded animals.Over the years,results from these studies have assisted regulatory agencies in developing a series of criteria and thresholds for cetacean conservation and management around the world.This paper provides a high-level overview of worldwide research efforts that have been dedicated to understanding the effects of underwater sound on cetaceans.The review is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to capture major efforts and significant findings in this field.In addition,the review excludes synthesis studies and modeling exercises that do not involve direct research on target species.

关键词： Cetacean Anthropogenic sound Underwater sound exposure behavioral disturbance Environmental impact assessment behavioral response Noise-induced threshold shift

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response to Pain by Different Gestational Age Neonates

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2002年第1期22卷 84-86页

作者：夏传雄杨磊赵萍张小铭 Department of Pediatrics Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan

One hundred infants were divided into the following 3 gestational age (GA) groups: (Ⅰ) premature infants ( n =30) with the gestational age between 29 and 32 weeks; (Ⅱ) premature infants ( n =30) with the gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks; (Ⅲ) full term infants ( n =40). The recorded responses of all infants to pain included the behavioral responses to painful stimuli (cry, facial activity and limbs movement) and the variety of heart rate. The results indicated that the infants of 3 groups had different degree response to various painful stimuli. Pain expression in full term infants was more significant than premature infants to same stimuli. 33 weeks GA infants were differential from 29 weeks GA infants. Full term infants showed more vertical mouth stretch and more taut tongue and more hand to mouth than premature infants, but more horizontal mouth stretch in premature infants.

关键词： full term infants premature infants pain behavioral response

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Effect of volatiles from health and herbivore-damaged red pine day or night on the behavioral selection of Dioryctria and parasitoid Macrocentrus sp.

Effect of volatiles from health and herbivore-damaged red pi...

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中国第五届植物化感作用学术研讨会

作者： WANG Qi,YAN shan-chun Forestry Tree Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China

Dioryctria abietella and D.sylvestrella are important borer pests to cone of P koraiensis,D.sylvestrella destroyed not only borer cone but also tips,and these two species were concomitantly endangered cones.Macrocentrus sp.is the larva parasitoid of D.sylvestrella.The day-night behavioral response of the moth and parasitoid to cone,tip and branch picked on healthy or larvae damaged red pines were assayed by Y tube.In addition,the profiles of volatiles,released from the cone,tip and branch in day and night,were analyzed using GC-MS,and we further determined the behavioral responses of moth and the larva parasitoid to specific terpenes monomer of red pine.Bioassay suggested that D.abietella and D.sylvestrella virgin female moths,mated female and male moths tended to healthy cone and tip volatiles released at night.Virgin and mated female of D.sylvestrella also tended to damaged cone at night.Male and female parasitic wasps tended to damaged cone and tip volatiles released in day.The volatile components and contents had significant differences between healthy and pest damaged pine released in day and night.The variations of terpenes,released from different parts of healthy and pest damaged pine,presented diel rhythm.These volatiles attracted parasitic wasps in day,and were more effective on the moth oviposition behavior at night.S-α-pinene,ocimene,3-carene camphene,phellandrene,myrcene and D-limonene significantly impact the behavior of the moth.Furthermore,R-α-pinene as repellents controlled parasitoids and had no significant effect on Dioryctria.Bioactive single or combined terpenes volatiles play important roles on the three trophic relationships regulation of host plant-insect-predator.

关键词： Pinus koraiensis volatiles Dioryctria abietella D.sylvestrella Macrocentrus sp. behavioral response chemical analysis

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不同剂量和比例的性信息素对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾的行为作用(英文)

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Insect Science 1999年第4期6卷 336-344页

作者：周弘春杜家纬中国科学院上海昆虫研究所!上海　200025

在风洞中观察了亚洲玉米螟雄蛾对不同剂量不同比例的二组份及三组份的人工合成性信息素（１４：ｏＡｃ，Ｅ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ和Ｚ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ）的行为反应。Ｚ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ＋Ｅ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ二组... 详细信息

在风洞中观察了亚洲玉米螟雄蛾对不同剂量不同比例的二组份及三组份的人工合成性信息素（１４：ｏＡｃ，Ｅ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ和Ｚ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ）的行为反应。Ｚ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ＋Ｅ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ二组份诱芯中以比例为３７．５％Ｅ到６２．５％Ｅ之间的诱芯效果最好，有７１％－７８％的雄蛾到达诱芯。三组份诱芯中以工４：Ａｃ：Ｚ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ：Ｅ－１２－１４：ｏＡｃ＝１：５：４的效果最好，雄蛾到达诱芯的百分率（７１％）与二组份诱芯相比无显著差异。但是剂量反应实验显示三组份诱芯的有效剂量范围比二组份诱芯宽，二组分诱芯及三组份诱芯在风洞试验中的最佳剂量范围分别为１００ｎｇ到１０００ｎｇ和１００ｎｇ到１００００ｎｇ。低剂量的情况下三组份的诱芯效果要好于二组份诱芯。三组份诱芯对于低到１ｎｇ的剂量仍能引起１０％的雄蛾到达诱芯，而在此剂量下二组份诱芯不能引起定向及其以后的各步行为反应。

关键词： Ostrinia furnacalis behavioral response wind tunnel sex pheromone

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Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Adult Anoplophom glabripennis (Motschulsky) to Volatile Components of Host-Plant

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Forestry Studies in China 2003年第1期5卷 25-29页

作者： Fan Hui Li Jiquan Jin YoujuCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (BAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexenl-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three compounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-l-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-l-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either BAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration.

关键词： electroantennogram activity behavioral response host-plant volatile Anoplophora glabripennis

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