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balanced development of compulsory education:Cornerstone of education equity

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Frontiers of Education in China 2007年第4期2卷 469-493页

作者： ZENG Tianshan DENG Youchao YANG Runyong ZUO Xiaomei CHU Zhaohui LI Xiejing Educational Policy Analysis Center China National Institute for Educational ResearchBeijing 100046China

balanced development of compulsory education is not only the cornerstone of education equity,but also the fundamental part for realizing a harmonious *** have been several achievements in balancing the development of compulsory education in China,such as narrowing the gaps in compulsory education between rural,urban,and other ***,the development of compulsory education is still confronted with several issues,including the gaps between rural and urban schools,the gaps between teacher’s situations in rural and urban area,higher drop-out rates of rural compulsory education than that of the national average level,*** on the analysis of these issues and reasons,the suggestions for the policy-makers are as follows:(1)it must be further clarified that governments at all levels must take all responsibilities for the balanced development of compulsory education so as to integrate local authorities’input and the central government’s subsidies;(2)the allocation mechanism of resources for compulsory education should be set up with“qualitative and fair growth”as its aim;(3)The quality standard for compulsory education based on the national curriculum standard should be worked out for playing the role of quality inspection in the fair development of compulsory education,and a relevant system of responsibility should also be established;(4)A national unified card for compulsory education should be adopted,which would help abolish extra fees for non-permanent-resident students receiving compulsory education in other places and(5)civilian-sponsored schools should be encouraged to offer compulsory education.

关键词： compulsory education balanced development education equity

The detrimental effects of social capital on the balanced development of compulsory education and their governance

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Frontiers of Education in China 2009年第3期4卷 390-412页

作者： ZHANG Dongjiao School of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The balanced development of compulsory education,with a focus on the goal of educational equality,is both a matter of policy orientation and a practical educational *** present,people are mostly concerned with the unbalanced state of development of compulsory education,its causes,and issues regarding its *** modes of production,policy choices,and institutional arrangements during different periods have been the practical,historical causes of differences in regional compulsory education,differences between urban and rural areas,and differences between schools.A direct consequence of the unbalanced development of compulsory education has been the emergence of irregularities in school *** the process of school selection,the strength of family and school social capital is increasingly influential,and it has increasingly negative effects:circumventing the policy of going to school near home,aggravating differences between families because of family and school social capital,and therefore damaging the prospect of educational *** this account,we present a constructive proposal for government policy to reduce the detrimental effects of social capital by means of reasonable policy choices and institutional *** prerequisite balanced allocation of school resources for compulsory education,the government reduces the role that family and social capital play in school selection and constructs a benignly competitive environment wherein school social capital works to placate social issues aroused by the intervention of the social capital of families and schools in school selection.

关键词： compulsory education balanced development educational equality social capital

Reassessing the balanced development of Compulsory Education

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Frontiers of Education in China 2012年第2期7卷 270-288页

作者： SHEN Youlu QIAO Xinyi Educational College Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

The balanced development of compulsory education has been given due and lengthy coverage in the“Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and development(2010-2020)”which,to some extent,reflects the needs of our time and the demands of the general ***,detailed analyses reveal that many aspects remain to be *** authors hold that the balanced development of compulsory education should be people-oriented and a fundamental right of modern *** paper makes a preliminary research on the question of balance in compulsory education,discussing participants,potential to achieve balance,and how to evaluate the ongoing development towards balance.

关键词： compulsory education balanced development educational program guidelines evaluation

The balanced development of basic education in the context of globalization

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Frontiers of Education in China 2006年第4期1卷 505-520页

作者： Sun Qi-lin Kong Kai Institute of International and Comparative Education Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

Basic education is not only an essential means for eliminating stratification and differences in society but also one of the main reasons for the enlargement of the gap between the rich and the *** it faces pressure in the context of globalization,a balanced development of basic education would be a good way to relieve this *** paper summarizes the international experience of balanced development of basic education in five aspects:policies and laws,educational funds,teacher resources,disadvantaged groups and conditions for running a *** the basis of these,the authors put forward relevant suggestions concerning the balanced development of basic education in China.

关键词： globalization basic education balanced development

Study on balanced development of Industrialization,Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization in Henan Province

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Asian Agricultural Research 2012年第2期4卷 9-14页

作者： LI Hai-yu Marxism School Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China

This article expounds the connotation of balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization",and points out the problems thwarting balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization" in Henan Province as follows:the level of industrialization is not high;the general level of urbanization is low;the agricultural foundation is weak and there are many institutional *** goal of balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization" in Henan Province is to take a road of industrialization and urbanization,not at the expense of agriculture and *** on this,the measures are put forward for balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization " in Henan Province as follows:keep to the new road of industrialization with characteristics of Henan Province,promote the development of industry and accelerate the transformation of pattern;keep to the road of new urbanization with characteristics of Henan Province,and promote the rapid change in urban development pattern;adhere to the road of agricultural modernization with characteristics of Henan Province,and promote the rapid change in pattern of agricultural development.

关键词： Henan Province Industrialization Urbanization Agricultural modernization balanced development

Effects of altitude on county economic development in China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 406-418页

作者： ZHU Fu-biao FANG Yi-ping YANG Xue-ting QIU Xiao-ping YU Hu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable development Modeling Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Mountain regions play an increasingly essential role in global sustainable development, and the related sustainable development issues have attracted increasing attention. There are obvious vertical spatial differentiation phenomena in both natural and socio-eeonomic fields with altitude being a key factor affecting the economic development of mountain regions. However, the exact influence of altitude is still unknown. Based on the county scale, this paper used the gravitational potential energy model to evaluate the effects of altitude on economic development in China. The results indicate that the high-altitude areas were the depression areas of county economic development, and county economic density showed a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude. County economic density respectively decreased by 0.10%, 0.04% and 0.02% with every 1% increase in altitude in 2000, 2005 and 2010. Here we demonstrate that high altitude has negative effect on county economy, although the negative effect presented a downward trend. The results also showed that increasing capital and labor investments could reduce the negative effect of high altitude on county economy. In 2010, with every 1% increase in capital and labor density, county economic density increased by 0.62% and 0.83%, respectively. The effects of altitude were the results of multidimensional factors. The fundamental approach to reduce the negative effects of high altitude is to combine the ecological environment and resources to develop characteristic industries. The construction of infrastructure should be strengthened, which can promote the occurrence of the contra-flow of people, logistics and capital, and promote the balanced development of county economy.

关键词： Mountain region County economy Altitude Vertical differentiation Gravitationalpotential energy balanced development

A review of the balance of regional development in China from the perspective of development geography

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第1期32卷 3-22页

作者： DENG Xiangzheng LIANG Li WU Feng WANG Zhenbo HE Shujin Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy CASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.

关键词： regional development balanced development high-quality development development pathways development geography

An inspection on the Gini coefficient of the budget educational public expenditure per student for China's basic education

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Frontiers of Education in China 2006年第2期1卷 258-269页

作者： Yang Yingxiu School of Education Science Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

Using statistical data on the implementing conditions of China's educational expenditure published by the state,this paper studies the Gini coefficient of the budget educational public expenditure per student in order to examine the concentration degree of the educational expenditure for China's basic education and analyze its balanced development *** the research shows,China's basic education is undergoing an unbalanced development due to diversified factors,which is mainly reflected as follows:firstly,the budget educational public expenditure presents a four-tiered appearance of the strong,the less strong,the less weak and the weak,which lead to a great discrepancy between the two opposing extremes;secondly,the compulsory education in rural areas is still confronted with great difficulties;thirdly,the general senior secondary education is loaded with the crisis of ***,it is necessary to construct a balanced development policy framework of the basic education and pay close attention to the benefit and effectiveness of the educational *** addition,it is also important to clearly stipulate the criterion of the government's educational allocation and to support the disadvantaged areas in order to promote the balanced development of the basic education.

关键词： Basic education balanced development Gini coefficient Budget educational public expenditure per student

职业教育：非均衡状态下的协调发展：推进区域职业教育均衡发展的战略选择

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