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Phytolith evidence for human-plant subsistence in Yahuai Cave(Guangxi, South China) over the past 30000 years

Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第11期63卷 1745-1757页

作者： Yan WU Guangmao XIE Limi MAO Zhijun ZHAO Miriam BELMAKER Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China College of History Culture and TourismGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Guangxi Institute of Cultural Relic Protection and Archaeology Nanning 530022China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100710China Department of Anthropology University of TulsaTulsaOklahoma 74104USA

South China preserves a rich archaeological record elucidating the evolution of early modern humans during the Late ***,few studies on plant utilization were conducted in this *** used phytolith analysis from Yahuai Cave,Guangxi,to infer human use of plant resources over the past 30000 *** 14C dating was used to constrain the chronological *** indicate that several economically essential species were present throughout the sequence including Urticineae(*** sp.),which appears in the lower layers of the sequence(Marine Isotope Stage 3 through Heinrich 1);bamboo and palm which appear throughout the sequence,and wild rice which appears in a clear archaeological context dating to 16000 years *** is the earliest record of wild rice in South China and a prerequisite for rice *** unique stone tool assemblages,which resemble those in north China as opposed to South China,point to the possibility that humans,seeking refuge from the colder north,brought their tool kit with them and utilized familiar northern *** South China would have served as a refuge for human populations escaping the cold,harsh climate in the north with more ameliorate conditions in the south.

关键词： Phytolith wild rice South China Bamboo Late Pleistocene

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Oryza pan-genomics: A new foundation for future rice research and improvement

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The Crop Journal 2021年第3期9卷 622-632页

作者： Chao Huang Zhuo Chen Chengzhi Liang State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The wild rice species in the genus Oryza harbor a large amount of genetic diversity that has been untapped for rice ***-genomics has revolutionized genomic research in ***,rice pan-genomic studies so far have been limited mostly to cultivated accessions,with only a few close wild *** in sequencing technologies have permitted the assembly of highquality rice genome sequences at low cost,making it possible to construct genus-level pan-genomes across all *** this review,we summarize progress in current research on genetic and genomic resources in Oryza,and in sequencing and computational technologies used for rice genome and pangenome *** future work,we discuss the approaches and challenges in the construction of,and data access to,Oryza pan-genomes based on representative high-quality genome *** Oryza pan-genomes will provide a basis for the exploration and use of the extensive genetic diversity present in both cultivated and wild rice populations.

关键词： Oryza Pan-genome De novo assembly Genetic diversity wild rice

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QTL Analysis for Grain Iron and Zinc Concentrations in Two O. nivara Derived Backcross Populations

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rice science 2018年第4期25卷 197-207页

作者： B. P. M. SWAMY K. KALADHAR1, K. ANURADHA Anil K. BATCHU T. LONGVAH N. SARLA Indian Institute of rice Research Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030 India Plant Breeding Division International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila the Philippines International Crops Research Institute on Semi Arid Tropics Patancheru Hyderabad 502324 India National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad 500007 India

Identification of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC2F3 mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.

关键词： biofortification micronutrient Fe concentration Zn concentration rice wild rice quantitative trait locus gene marker assisted breeding

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Comparative Embryological Studies on Infertility of Interspecific Hybridizations Between Oryza sativa with Different Ploidy Levels and O. officinalis

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rice science 2009年第1期16卷 58-64页

作者： FU Xue-lin LU Yong-gen LIU Xiang-dong LI Jin-quan ZHAO Xing-juan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China

As maternal parents, diploid （L202-2x） and autotetraploid （L202-4x） of Oryza sativa cv. L2O2 were crossed with O. officinalis. Embryo development and fertilization in these two crosses were comparatively studied. There were no mature hybrid seeds obtained because all the hybridized spikelets died 30 days after pollination. The main reasons for no seed set were abnormal fertilization and development of the embryos and endosperms in the interspecific hybrids. There were doublefertilization, egg cell single-fertilization and non-fertilization in these crosses. Although 59.45% and 54.87% of hybrid embryos produced in the crosses of L202-2x/O. officinalis and L202-4x/O. officinalis, respectively, hybrid embryos ceased to develop or degenerated and plenty of free endosperm nuclei were in disaggregating state without developing cellular endosperms three days after pollination. Besides, some embryological differences in these two crosses were found, that is, the rate of double-fertilization and total rate of doubleand single-fertilization in L202-2x/O. officinalis were higher than those in L202-4x/O. officinalis. The embryo and endosperm of hybrids developed more slowly, and embryos and free endosperm nuclei were more severely degenerated in L202-4x/O. officinalis than in L202-2x/O. officinalis. Five days after pollination, a few of embryos in L202-2x/O. officinalis developed into pear-shaped ones, however, embryos in L202-4x/O. officinalis were all degenerated. Therefore, it is more difficult to obtain interspecific hybrids by wide crosses between autotetraploid of O. sativa and O. officinalis.

关键词： Oryza sativa Oryza officinalis diploid rice autotetraploid rice wild rice interspecific hybridization embryo development infertility

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Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Spontaneous Interspecific Hybrid Between Oryza sativa and Oryza minuta

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rice science 2008年第4期15卷 283-288页

作者： Chuan-deng YI Xu CHENG Bei-bei WANG Guo-hua LIANG Zhi-yun GONG Shu-zhu TANG Ming-hong GU Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics Ministry of Education Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China

Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) is a powerful tool to characterize parental chromosomes in interspecific hybrids, including the behaviour of autosynapsis and chromosome pairing. It was used to distinguish the chromosomes of Oryza sativa from wild species in a spontaneous interspecific hybrid and to investigate the chromosome pairing at metaphase I in meiosis of the hybrid in this study. The hybrid was a triploid with 36 chromosomes according to the chromosome number investigated in mitosis of root tips. During metaphase I of meiosis in the hybrid, less chromosome pairing was observed and most of the chromosomes existed as univalent. Based on GISH and FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization) analyses, the chromosomes of the hybrid were composed of genomes A, B and C. Thus, it was believed that the hybrid was the result of natural hybridization between cultivated rice and wild species O. minuta which was planted in experimental fields.

关键词： wild rice interspecific hybrid genomic in situ hybridization fluorescent in situ hybridization molecular cytogenetics meiosis chromosome pairing genome

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Oryza genome evolution revealed by whole genome comparative analysis between Oryza brachyantha and Oryza sativa

Oryza genome evolution revealed by whole genome comparative ...

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2011全国植物生物学研讨会

作者： Jinfeng Chen,Mingsheng Chen~* Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101

The genus Oryza consists of 24 species,which represented by ten genome types, including six diploid(AA,BB,CC,EE,FF,GG) and four allotetraploid genome types (BBCC,CCDD,HHKK,HHJJ).These wild rice populations were distributed in a diverse range of habitats and had large diversity in morphological and physiological *** wild species provide a great resource for rice *** brachyantha,which belongs to the FF genome type,is a wild rice species distributed in central *** small genome size,unique features in centromere composition and transposable element distribution make Oryza brachyantha an ideal species to

关键词： Oryza brachyantha wild rice genome evolution comparative genomics

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