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中国菌物学会2018年学术年会

作者： Yujun Liu Longsheng Chen Shuwen Xu Hui Zhao Haibo Zhou Anhui Academy of Science and Technology Anhui Academy of Applied Technology

Polygonatum sibiricum Hua(Asparagaceae) is an important perennial Chinese herb used for treatment of diabetes and asthma. Anhui Province is a leading producer of P. sibiricum in China, with approximately 100 ha of commercial production. In a survey from 2013 to 2014, a pink mold on the fruit was also frequently observed(at 5 to 10% incidence) in Qingyang County, Anhui Province, which comprised approximately 10 ha of production. Fruits exhibited white mycelium and salmon-colored spores on the surface, and severe internal rot. To isolate the causal organism, fragments(2 × 2 mm) were excised from 35 symptomatic fruits, surface-sterilized in1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterilized water, plated on potato dextrose agar(PDA)medium, and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Morphologically similar fungal isolates were recovered(n = 20) on 35 fruit collected from 20 commercial orchards, each of which produced pink to white fungal colonies with hyaline hyphae, simple or branched conidiophores, and conidia in basipetal chains(frequently clustered). Conidia were ellipsoidal or obpyriform. Almost all spores were two-celled(the upper cell slightly larger). Conidia measured14.2 to 17.9 × 6.9 to 11.2 μm. According to these cultural characteristics, the fungal isolates were identified as trichothecium roseum. To validate the species identification, isolate QY-52 was selected for molecular identification by amplifying and sequencing the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(rDNA-ITS) region using the universal primer pair ITS4 and ITS5. Sequencing of the PCR product revealed 100% similarity with ITS rDNA sequences of T. roseum in GenBank(EU552162.1, JQ434579.1, and JN942882.1). A pathogenicity test was conducted using isolate QY-52 on six asymptomatic fruits of 10 3-year-old P. sibiricum plants, in which each fruit was wounded with a pushpin at one site/fruit. A conidial suspension(5 × 10 conidia/ml) was inoculated onto the wound of each fruit. An equal num

关键词： Polygonatum sibiricum Fruit rot trichothecium roseum

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trichothecium roseum的酸碱特性及不同pH对其侵染苹果果实的影响

Trichothecium roseum的酸碱特性及不同pH对其侵染苹果果实的影响

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作者：王振宇甘肃农业大学

学位级别：硕士

trichothecium roseum是重要的采后病原菌,可引起多种果蔬的采后病害,但关于***的酸碱性质及侵染机制不明。本研究测定***在体外条件下生长期间的pH变化,用该菌接种“富士”苹果,测定果实病健交界处pH的变化;用pH 3、5和7的孢子悬浮液... 详细信息

trichothecium roseum是重要的采后病原菌,可引起多种果蔬的采后病害,但关于***的酸碱性质及侵染机制不明。本研究测定***在体外条件下生长期间的pH变化,用该菌接种“富士”苹果,测定果实病健交界处pH的变化;用pH 3、5和7的孢子悬浮液接种苹果果实,观察三种pH孢子悬浮液接种对苹果果实病斑直径的影响,分析果实病健交界处胞外酶活性以及寄主活性氧代谢的变化。结果表明:***在PDB培养期间,pH值显著升高,由第0 h的5.41升高到第72 h的7.33,升高了35.5%。同样,***接种果实病斑处的pH也显著升高,由第0 d的3.54升至第12 d的4.84,提高了36.7%。2.三种***孢子悬浮液接种果实后,以pH 7接种的果实病斑直径最大,第9d时分别高出pH 5和pH 3接种的35%与68%。同样,pH 7孢子悬浮液接种的果实病健交接处具有最高的果胶甲酯酶、果胶甲基多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸反式消除酶、果胶甲基反式消除酶活性,以及最高的纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。*** 7孢子悬浮液接种导致果实病健交界处细胞膜的严重破坏,细胞膜透率和丙二醛含量急剧升高。pH 7孢子悬浮液接种还导致了果实病健交界处O.和HO的大量积累。此外,pH 7接种的果实还具有最高的NADPH氧化酶活性,以及最低的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性。4.不同pH值孢子悬浮液后发现,果实病健交界处的抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环活性具有明显差异。其中pH 7接种的果实具有最低的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性。此外,pH 7接种的果实还具有最低的抗坏血酸、脱氢抗坏血酸、氧化型谷胱甘肽和还原型谷胱甘肽含量。综上所述,***在体内和体外条件下均可提高环境的pH,故该菌属碱化菌。三种pH孢子悬浮液接种苹果果实的结果表明,pH7接种可显著提高果实病健交界处的病原菌胞外酶活性,促进寄主细胞膜的破坏以及活性氧的积累,降低果实的抗氧化能力,增强病原物的致病性。

关键词： trichothecium roseum 苹果 pH 胞外酶活性氧代谢

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Analysis of the effects of antifungal peptide P-1 from Bacillus pumilus HN-10 on energy metabolism of trichothecium roseum

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 604-614页

作者： Shujuan Wu Jianmin Yun Rui Wang Wenwei Zhang Lin Hao Pengzheng Pei College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina

This study investigated the antifungal activity and possible mode of action of Bacillus pumilus HN-10 antifungal peptide P-1 against trichothecium *** results showed that the antifungal peptide P-1 at a concentration of 1.0μg mL^(-1)had strong antifungal activity against ***.P-1 inhibited the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)pathway and the transporter pathway of NADH to coenzyme Q on the electron transport chain.P-1 significantly reduced succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),malate dehydrogenase(MDH),ATPase,mitochondrial complex enzymes I,II and IV enzyme activities on the electron transport chain,and 5'-triphosphate(ATP),5'-diphosphate(ADP),5'-monophosphate(AMP)content,and energy charge(EC);significantly increased 6-phosphofructokinase(PFK)enzyme *** release of Ca^(2+)(OD_(680))from the inner mitochondrial membrane and the openness of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPTP)were analysed,and microscopy was performed following staining of mitochondria with *** results indicated that P-1 significantly increased the release of Ca^(2+) and the openness of MPTP,decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential,and produced green fluorescence;transcriptomics data analysis showed that there were 39 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to energy metabolism *** results verified by qRT-PCR were basically consistent with the transcriptome sequencing ***,P-1 achieved its inhibitory effect mainly by regulating genes related to energy metabolism.

关键词： Antifungal peptide P-1 Bacillus pumilus trichothecium roseum Energy metabolism Mitochondrial structure Transcriptomics

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trichothecium roseum发酵液对小麦白粉菌的拮抗作用及作用机理

Trichothecium roseum发酵液对小麦白粉菌的拮抗作用及作用机理

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中国植物病理学会2015年学术年会

作者：龚双军杨立军向礼波史文琦薛敏峰张学江曾凡松汪华喻大昭农业部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农作物重大病虫草害可持续控制湖北省重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所

用化学杀菌剂可有效控制植物病害,但由于存在抗药性和环境污染等问题而逐渐受到限制。因此,开发新型安全可持续的病害防治技术便显得十分必要。生物农药在绿色食品生产发展和环境保护中发挥着积极作用,其中微生物源农药的开发与应用显... 详细信息

用化学杀菌剂可有效控制植物病害,但由于存在抗药性和环境污染等问题而逐渐受到限制。因此,开发新型安全可持续的病害防治技术便显得十分必要。生物农药在绿色食品生产发展和环境保护中发挥着积极作用,其中微生物源农药的开发与应用显现出巨大的应用潜力。粉红单端孢（trichothecium roseum）是引致多种植物病害的重要病原真菌,同时又具有较大的农业生物防治和医药功能潜力。本文采用粉红单端孢的发酵液和灭活滤液对小麦白粉菌生长有极显著抑制作用,并且滤液体积比的增加,抑菌率也逐渐渐增强。当发酵液添加量分别为500μL,1mL和2mL,相对抑制率分别为76.63%、95.30%和100%。粉红单端孢发酵液对小麦白粉病菌的分生孢子萌发和吸器形成具有极显著的抑制作用（P＜0.01）。分离粉红单端孢的几丁质酶粗提物,经过生物测定结果表明,几丁质酶粗提液的抑菌活性较高。还需进行活性化合物的分离提取研究,进一步研究其抑菌机理。

关键词： trichothecium roseum 小麦白粉菌拮抗作用作用机理

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Endophytic fungi harbored in Cannabis sativa L.:diversity and potential as biocontrol agents against host plant-specific phytopathogens

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 137-151页

作者： Parijat Kusari Souvik Kusari Michael Spiteller Oliver Kayser Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Chair of Technical BiochemistryTU DortmundEmil-Figge-Str.6644227 DortmundGermany Institute of Environmental Research(INFU)of the Faculty of Chemistry Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryTU DortmundOtto-Hahn-Str.644221 DortmundGermany

The objective of the present work was isolation,phylogenetic characterization,and assessment of biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi harbored in various tissues(leaves,twigs,and apical and lateral buds)of the medicinal plant,Cannabis sativa L.A total of 30 different fungal endophytes were isolated from all the plant tissues which were authenticated by molecular identification based on rDNA ITS sequence analysis(ITS1,5.8S and ITS2 regions).The Menhinick’s index revealed that the buds were immensely rich in fungal species,and Camargo’s index showed the highest tissue-specific fungal dominance for the *** most dominant species was Penicillium copticola that could be isolated from the twigs,leaves,and apical and lateral buds.A detailed calculation of Fisher’s log series index,Shannon diversity index,Simpson’s index,Simpson’s diversity index,and Margalef’s richness revealed moderate overall biodiversity of *** endophytes distributed among its *** fungal endophytes were challenged by two host phytopathogens,Botrytis cinerea and trichothecium roseum,devising a dual culture antagonistic assay on five different *** observed 11 distinct types of pathogen inhibition encompassing a variable degree of antagonism(%)on changing the *** revealed the potential chemodiversity of the isolated fungal endophytes not only as promising resources of biocontrol agents against the known and emerging phytopathogens of Cannabis plants,but also as sustainable resources of biologically active and defensive secondary metabolites.

关键词： Cannabis sativa Endophytic fungi Fungal diversity Antagonism Botrytis cinerea trichothecium roseum

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Control of Postharvest Fusarium Rot and trichothecium Rot in Harvested Muskmelon (cv. Yindi) by Harpin

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第12期4卷 943-948页

作者： GE Yong-hong BI Yang LI Mei LI Xuan College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 P.R.China College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 P.R.China

Preharvest and postharvest application of Harpin was evaluated for its ability to induce resistance in muskmelon fruit and control rots. Preharvest treatments were 30 mg L^-1, 60 mg L^-1 Harpin or 1 mg L^-1 Imazalil either I week or I day before harvest. The CK was untreated. Fruit were then inoculated with Fusarium semitectum or trichothecium roseum 48 h after harvest, and stored at 23± 1℃, RH （relative humidity） 50-60% for 4 d. All treatments were effective in reducing the lesion area with 60 mg L^-1 Harpin the most effectively. No treatments inhibited infection rate. Postharvest treatment was fruit dips of 30 mg L i, 60 mg L^-1 Harpin, 0.1 mg L i Imazalil. Fruit were inoculated with F. semitectum or T. roseum 24, 72, 120 or 168 h after treatment, and stored at 23 ± 1℃, RH 50-60% for 4 days. All treatments were effective in reducing the lesion area with 60 mg L^-1 Harpin the most effectively. No treatments inhibited the infection rate. Postharvest Harpin treatment induced the peroxidase activity increase, peroxidase activity reached maximum after 8 d and the activation lasted at least 10 d.

关键词： Harpin Muskmelon Fusarium semitectum trichothecium roseum Peroxidase

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“银帝”甜瓜采后挥发性物质的分析研究

“银帝”甜瓜采后挥发性物质的分析研究

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作者：蒋玉梅甘肃农业大学

学位级别：硕士

本文采用顶空、直接热解吸及固相微萃取(SPME)三种前处理方法，结合气相色谱—质谱(GS／MS)技术手段对产自甘肃民勤的“银帝”甜瓜的挥发性物质及其变化进行了分析研究。顶空法自瓜腔中分离出化合物72种，检出其中55种化合物;直接热解... 详细信息

本文采用顶空、直接热解吸及固相微萃取(SPME)三种前处理方法，结合气相色谱—质谱(GS／MS)技术手段对产自甘肃民勤的“银帝”甜瓜的挥发性物质及其变化进行了分析研究。顶空法自瓜腔中分离出化合物72种，检出其中55种化合物;直接热解吸法自瓜肉、瓜皮组织中分离出化合物34种，检出其中30种;固相微萃取法自瓜腔中分离出化合物140种，检出其中90种。三种方法检出56种酯类化合物，23种酮类化合物，18种醛类化合物，16种醇类化合物，14种酸类化合物，5种烯类化合物和2种醚类化合物及14种呋喃类、苯类、烷烃类等其它化合物，共检索出148种化合物。其中瓜类香气特征成份九碳脂肪醛醇类化合物包括：壬酸和2-壬醇;对甜瓜香气起重要作用的乙酸酯类包括：乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸-3-辛酯、乙酸甲酯、三乙酸甘油酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙酸-2-甲基丁酯、乙酸-2-乙烯基乙酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸-3-甲基-2-丁烯酯、乙酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸-2-戊酯、乙酸丙酮酯、乙酸-3-庚烯酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸-2-乙基己酯、乙酸苄酯、1.1-乙二醇二乙酸酯、乙酸叶酯、乙酸苯乙酯、乙酸坏己基乙酯、乙酸-2-己烯酯、乙酸顺-2-戊烯酯、1，2-乙二醇一乙酸酯、1，3-丙二醇二乙酸酯、乙酸异丙烯酯等。另外还发现了相当丰富的初级酯类。本研究共检出已报道的甜瓜风味成分26种：顶空法和固相微萃取法共同检出的成分有16种，顶空法和直接热解吸法定性共同检出的成分有9种，固相微萃取法和直接热解吸法定性共同检出的成分有9种。 “银帝”甜瓜的挥发性物质的含量在常温(25±2℃)贮藏期间随贮藏时间的延长而增加;采前一周诱导抗性物质苯丙噻重氮(BTH)处理会对甜瓜的挥发性物质释放有所抑制;采后人工接种粉红单端孢(trichothecium roseum)则会促进甜瓜的挥发性物质提前释放。研究结果表明，不同前处理方法所检出成分存在差异;色谱柱极性、取样部位不同，分离检测效果也不同。综上所述，本研究所用的顶空、直接热解吸及固相微萃取三种前处理方法均为分析检测甜瓜挥发性风味物质的有效方法，其中以固相微萃取法最为理想。

关键词：气质联用(GC-MS) trichothecium roseum 苯丙噻重氮(BTH) 变化

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