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Climatology, Trend of aerosol-cloud parameters and their correlation over the Northern Indian Ocean

Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 173-186页

作者： Harshbardhan Kumar Shani Tiwari Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad201002India Aerosol and Cloud Research Lab Geological Oceanography DivisionCSIR–National Institute of OceanographyGoa403004India

Aerosols are one of the important atmospheric constituents and exert indirect impact on climate through the modification of microphysical and radiative properties of clouds that in turn perturb the precipitation pattern.Thus,the long term quantification of changes in aerosol and cloud characteristics and their interactions on both temporal as well as spatial scale will provide a crucial information for the better assessment of future climate change.In present study,18 years(2003-2020)MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS)derived aerosol-cloud dataset over the Northern Indian Ocean(NIO)were analysed to assess climatology and Trend of aerosol,cloud characteristics and their correlation.We found a strong heterogeneity in spatio-temporal variation of aerosol and cloud parameters over the NIO that are more prominent for the coastal region.The climatological mean of aerosol loading is found high(AOD≥0.5)over the outflow region along the Indian sub-continent and low(AOD≤0.2)over the northern equatorial open ocean.The climatological mean of cloud properties shows dominance of optically thicker deep convective(CTP700 hPa and CTT>273 K)over the northwestern Arabian Sea(AS).Similarly,bigger effective radii(>17µm)observed along the equatorial open ocean whereas smaller CER(Trend analysis reveals an increasing pattern in AOD(0.002 yr^(-1)),CER(0.051µm yr^(-1)),LWP(0.033 gm^(-2) yr^(-1))and CF(0.002 yr^(-1))while COD,CTT and CTP show negative Trend in order of-0.005 yr^(-1),-0.094 K yr^(-1) and-1.160 hPa yr^(-1),respectively.We also perform similar analysis for seven sub-region of interest(R1 to R7)across the NIO and results show a decreasing pattern in AOD(-0.001 yr^(-1))at R4 against maximum mean AOD(0.44±0.03).However,coastal sub-regions R1 and R5 illustrate maximum increase in aerosol loading(>0.003 yr^(-1))suggesting a significant impact of s

关键词： Aerosol Cloud properties Northern Indian Ocean Climatology Trend Correlation

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Decadal variation and Trend of the upper layer salinity in the South China Sea from 1960 to 2010

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第4期40卷 1333-1348页

作者： Wenjing ZHANG Weiqiang WANG Huibin XING State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China South China Sea Information Center State Oceanic AdministrationGuangzhou 510301China South China Sea Marine Prediction Center State Oceanic AdministrationGuangzhou 510310China

Ocean salinity is an essential measurable indicator of water cycle and plays a crucial role in regulating ocean and climate change.Using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)reanalysis product,substantial decadal variability of the salinity in the upper layer of the South China Sea(SCS)from 1960 to 2010 was examined.Results show that a decadal variation of the upper layer salinity is clear.The upper layer(100 m)waters are found to freshen from 1960,become saltier during 1975 to 1995,and freshen again from 1995 to 2010.The strongest anomalies appear in the northeastern,northern,and northwestern regions in the three periods,respectively.The salinity variation Trends become weaker below the upper layer,except the salinifi cation Trend in the northern SCS extends to at least 300 m during the salinifi cation period.Diagnosis of the salinity budget over the top 100 m shows that during the fi rst freshening period horizontal advection,vertical advection,and surface freshwater forcing all contribute to salinity freshening,and horizontal advection is relatively larger.The contribution of horizontal advection and surface freshwater forcing to the positive salinity anomaly is comparable,while the vertical advection is the secondary factor in the salinifi cation period.Horizontal advection,especially zonal advection,plays a crucial role during the second freshening period.Moreover,horizontal advection is more important than that in the fi rst freshening period.In addition,the contribution of horizontal advection is mainly in zonal direction controlled by Kuroshio intrusion.Further analysis shows the upper-layer salinity variations have a Pacifi c Decadal Oscillation(PDO)-like signal,with freshening during the negative PDO years,and salinifi cation during the positive PDO years.PDO mainly infl uences the upper-layer salinity changes through both atmospheric bridge and oceanic bridge.

关键词： salinity South China Sea(SCS) decadal variation Trend salinity budget analysis

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Upward Trend of nitrogen deposition curbed by the dual force of environmental regulation and social-economic structural change in China

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Science Bulletin 2019年第18期64卷 1300-1302页

作者： Lingli Liu State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nitrogen(N)is an important nutrient that is essential for all life on Earth.Although N accounts for 78%of the total atmospheric volume,it cannot be used by plants or animals unless it is converted to reactive nitrogen(Nr)such as ammonia(NH3)or related nitrogenous compounds.The supply of reactive N has been the bottleneck in food production for centuries.Since 1913,the Haber-Bosch process has greatly improved the ability of humans to produce N fertilizers from atmospheric N.The rapid growth of the world's population since 1960 is closely related to the increase in food production caused by the increased use of N fertilizers[1].Population growth further leads to increases in N-fixing crop cultivation,animal husbandry expansion,and fossil fuel con sumption.

关键词： husbandry Trend ammonia

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Worldwide 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and the temporal Trend

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第4期5卷 353-360页

作者： Runhua Zhang Yu Wang Jiming Fang Miaoxin Yu Yongjun Wang Gaifen Liu Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina ICES TorontoOntarioCanada

background The 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke is an essential epidemiological metric.Whereas the case fatality after ischaemic stroke and the temporal Trend is uncertain.We aimed to estimate the 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and its temporal Trend,as well as its regional variation.Methods We searched PubMed and Embase to identify the studies for 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke.The population-based studies were included.Two investigators extracted the data and assessed the quality independently.One-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke was estimated using a random effects model.The temporal Trend was evaluated using a mixed-effect meta-regression model.results A total of 59 articles with 77 time periods were included.The worldwide 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke was 13.5%(95%CI 12.3%to 14.7%).The case fatality was 10.8%(95%CI 8.3%to 13.5%)in Asia,14.2%(95%CI 12.6%to 15.9%)in Europe,14.0%(95%CI 11.2%to 17.1%)in South America and Caribbean,14.0%(95%CI 9.5%to 19.1%)in North America and 12.5%(95%CI 11.1%to 13.9%)in Australia and New Zealand.Overall,there was a non-significant decrease of 0.1%per year in case fatality.It decreased significantly in Europe(−0.2%annually,95%CI−0.4%to−0.01%)and North America(−0.2%annually,95%CI−0.4%to−0.04%),increased significantly in Australia and New Zealand(0.2%annually,95%CI 0.1%to 0.4%),while no evidence of change in other regions.Conclusion The 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and its temporal Trend were divergent across regions.Further studies are needed to address the reason of the regional difference,which will be helpful to guide the effort of reducing stroke burden.

关键词： Trend annually assessed

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Estimating the daily Trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 12-19页

作者： Qiu-Shi Lin Tao-Jun Hu Xiao-Hua Zhou Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Center for Statistical Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Background:The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a pandemic causing global health problem.We provide estimates of the daily Trend in the size of the epidemic in Wuhan based on detailed information of 10940 confirmed cases outside Hubei province.Methods:In this modelling study,we first estimate the epidemic size in Wuhan from 10 January to 5 April 2020 with a newly proposed model,based on the confirmed cases outside Hubei province that left Wuhan by 23 January 2020 retrieved from official websites of provincial and municipal health commissions.Since some confirmed cases have no information on whether they visited Wuhan before,we adjust for these missing values.We then calculate the reporting rate in Wuhan from 20 January to 5 April 2020.Finally,we estimate the date when the first infected case occurred in Wuhan.Results:We estimate the number of cases that should be reported in Wuhan by 10 January 2020,as 3229(95%confidence interval[CI]:3139–3321)and 51273(95%CI:49844–52734)by 5 April 2020.The reporting rate has grown rapidly from 1.5%(95%CI:1.5–1.6%)on 20 January 2020,to 39.1%(95%CI:38.0–40.2%)on 11 February 2020,and increased to 71.4%(95%CI:69.4–73.4%)on 13 February 2020,and reaches 97.6%(95%CI:94.8–100.3%)on 5 April 2020.The date of first infection is estimated as 30 November 2019.Conclusions:In the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak,the testing capacity of Wuhan was insufficient.Clinical diagnosis could be a good complement to the method of confirmation at that time.The reporting rate is very close to 100%now and there are very few cases since 17 March 2020,which might suggest that Wuhan is able to accommodate all patients and the epidemic has been controlled.

关键词： COVID-19 Wuhan Daily Trend Size Infection

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Epidemiology and Trend analysis on malignant mesothelioma in China

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2017年第4期29卷 361-368页

作者： Jun Zhao Tingting Zuo Rongshou Zheng Siwei Zhang Hongmei Zeng Changfa Xia Zhixun Yang Wanqing Chen National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College

Objective： Population-based cancer registration data were used to analyze the epidemiology and Trend of malignant mesothelioma in China, and the result would provide basic data for its prevention and control. Methods： Malignant mesothelioma data in 2013 were retrieved from the database of National Cancer Registry. Malignant mesothelioma incidence and mortality were estimated using age-specific rate by urban/rural and gender according to the national population in 2013. Malignant mesothelioma data from 22 cancer registries were used for Trend analysis during 2000-2013. Results： It is estimated that there were 2,041 new malignant mesothelioma cases and 1,659 malignant mesothelioma deaths occurred in 2013. The crude incidence rate in China were 1.50/106 （males 1.67/106, females 1.32/106）, age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 1.03/106 and 1.02/106, respectively. The crude mortality rate in China was 1.22/106 （males 1.67/106, females 1.32/106）, age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 0.83/106 and 0.81/106, respectively. There was an increasing Trend of incidence rate for malignant mesothelioma in registration areas of China during 2000-2013 with annual percentage change （APC） of 2.5% [95% confidence interval （95% CI）： 0.6%--4.5%]. After age standardization, no significant differences were observed. No matter for crude mortality rates or age-standardized mortality rates, no significant differences were observed during 2000-2013. Conclusions： Malignant mesothelioma is the major occupational and environmental neoplasm associated with asbestos exposure. The increasing incidence Trend suggests that more attention should be paid on this disease.

关键词： Malignant mesothelioma incidence mortality Trend cancer registry

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Decreasing Trend of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Inner-Core Size over the Past Decades

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第4期35卷 635-645页

作者： Hanrui SHOU Tim LI Yuan SUN Lu WANG Jia LIU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental ChangeNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI96822USA College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyNanjing 211101China

Studies on tropical cyclone(TC)inner-core size have become increasingly active in recent years.However,few studies have investigated the Trend of TC inner-core size.Here,we introduce a new index to measure TC inner-core size and calculate the observed Trend.This index can greatly reduce the influence of data heterogeneity and uncertainty.It also considers public concern because the new index is mainly determined by the inner-core size of strong TCs,which attract more public attention than weak TCs.The results show that in the past decades,TC inner-core size has a significant downTrend that is significant above the 99%confidence level when the new index is used.We also show that this Trend is probably related to the increase in TC intensity and relatively small inner-core size of strong TCs.Moreover,relative sea surface temperature(SST)is assumed to make contributions to the downTrend of TC inner-core size,which has a significant negative correlation with the new index.

关键词： tropical cyclone(TC) inner-core size Trend intensity

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Sediment transport in the Luanhe River delta:grain size Trend analysis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 982-997页

作者： YU Xiaoxiao LI Tiegang GU Dongqi FENG Aiping LIU Shihao LI Ping XU Guoqiang YAN Wenwen ZHANG Zhiwei ZHU Zhengtao Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR)Qingdao 266061China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

Sediment grain size in the deltaic environment of the Luanhe River(LR),Liaoning,China,contains sediment transport pathway information useful in elucidating the shoreline change and fluvialmarine interaction.In this study,we utilized numerical partitioning of the sedimentary components and geostatistical grain size Trend analysis(GSTA)to define the sediment transport pattern in the Luanhe River delta(LRD)and interpolated the sediment transport pattern using content changes of end numbers(EM).EM1(the mean grain size 7.12Ф,fine silt),EM2(2.37Ф,fine sand),and EM3(1.27Ф,medium sand)components were identified by the numerical partitioning by GSTA.Kriging interpolation method was used to interpolate the parameters of the grain size for the regular grid,and the interpolation radius was 0.015 decimal degree.We chose 0.09 decimal degree as the characteristic distance for GSTA in the semivariogram model using the geostatistical method.The FB(-)case(finer,better sorted and more negatively skewed)was adopted in GSTA for its satisfaction in the Global Moran’s I test.The result of the GSTA shows that the sediments in the south barriers(SBs)were transported to the southwest of the study area.The sediments in the north,in the SE direction of sediment transport Trend from the river mouth,indicated that the sediments in the north of the study area were transported from the LR to the northern beaches,and to the south and east of the study area.The sediment transport Trend that simplified by GSTA as the FB(-)case was approved by the content changes of sedimentary components(i.e.EM1,EM2,and EM3).In addition,the turbulent jet diffusion pattern indicated that the coarse sediments(EM3)were delivered by LR during the flood season,and the EM2 and EM1 were from wave and tide,respectively.

关键词： Luanhe River delta sediment transport grain-size partitioning geostatistical grain size Trend analysis(GSTA)

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The Development Trend of and Suggestions for China’s Hydrogen Energy Industry

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Engineering 2021年第6期7卷 719-721页

作者： Xiaoqiang Zhang China Center for International Economic Exchanges Beijing 100050China

1.Introduction Driven by the current round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,and based on a consensus among countries around the world,the world’s energy landscape is undergoing profound adjustments to promote a transition to clean,low-carbon energy in order to cope with global climate change.As a clean and carbon-free secondary energy source,hydrogen energy is an important component of the energy strategy in various countries.Fuel cell technology is also of great importance in directing the current global energy technology revolution.

关键词： landscape Trend profound

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Current Trend in Synthesis,Post-Synthetic Modifications and Biological Applications of Nanometal-Organic Frameworks(NMOFs)

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2019年第4期37卷 378-404页

作者： Ebenezer Baa Gary M.Watkins Rui.W.Krause Derek.N.Tantohb Department of Chemistry Rhodes UniversityPO Box 94Grahamstown6140South Africa Department of Applied Chemistry University of JohannesburgPO Box 524Auckland Park2006South Africa

Since the early reports of MOFs and their interesting properties,research involving these materials has grown wide in scope and applications.Various synthetic approaches have ensued in view of obtaining materials with optimised properties,the extensive scope of application spanning from energy,gas sorption,catalysis biological applications has meant exponentially evolved over the years.The far-reaching synthetic and PSM approaches and porosity control possibilities have continued to serve as a motivation for research on these materials.With respect to the biological applications,MOFs have shown promise as good candidates in applicati ons involving drug delivery,BioMOFs,sensing,imaging amongst others.Despite being a while away from successful entry into the market,observed results in sensing,drug delivery,and imaging put these materials on the spot light as candidates poised to usher in a revolution in biology.In this regard,this review article focuses current approaches in synthesis,post functionalization and biological applications of these materials with particular attention on drug delivery,imaging,sensing and BioMOFs.

关键词： Current Trend Post-Synthetic Modifications Nanometal-Organic Frameworks(NMOFs)

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