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Potential use of garlic products in Ruminant feeding:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 343-355页

作者： He Ding Changjin Ao Xiaoqing Zhang Institute of Grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHohhot 010010China Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China

The addition of antibiotics as growth promoters to Ruminant feed can result in bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in Ruminant products.Correspondingly,there is serious public concern regarding the presence of antibiotic residue in Ruminant products and the consequent threat to human health.As a result,the addition of plants and their products to Ruminant feeds,as an alternative to antibiotics,has received much attention recently.Garlic and its products are rich in organosulphur compounds,which have a variety of biological activities and have been widely used as natural additives in animal production.This review presents recent knowledge on the addition of garlic products(powder,skin,oil,leaf and extracts)to the diets of Ruminants.In this paper,garlic products are evaluated with respect to their chemical composition,bioactive compounds,and their impacts on the rumen ecosystem,antioxidant status,immune response,parasitic infection,growth performance and product quality of Ruminants.This review provides valuable guidance and a theoretical basis for the development of garlic products as green,highly efficient and safe additives,with the aims of promoting Ruminant growth and health,reducing methane emissions and improving Ruminant product quality.Garlic extracts have the potential to control parasite infections by decreasing the faecal egg count.Garlic powder,oil and allicin are able to reduce the methane emissions of Ruminants.Organosulphur compounds such as allicin,which is present in garlic products,have the potential to inhibit membrane lipid synthesis of the archaeal community,thus influencing the population of methanogenic archaea and resulting in a reduction in methane emissions.Some garlic products are also able to increase the average daily gain(garlic skin,water extract,and leaf)and the feed conversion ratio(garlic skin and leaf)of Ruminants.Garlic stalk silage fed to sheep has the potential to improve the nutritional value of mutton by increasing the concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids

关键词： Garlic product Ruminant Methane emission Growth performance Product quality

CNEReg Interprets Ruminant-specific Conserved Non-coding Elements by Developmental Gene Regulatory Network

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2023年第3期21卷 632-648页

作者： Xiangyu Pan Zhaoxia Ma Xinqi Sun Hui Li Tingting Zhang Chen Zhao Nini Wang Rasmus Heller Wing Hung Wong Wen Wang Yu Jiang Yong Wang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Medical Research Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080China Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080China Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of Animal Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530005China Section for Computational and RNA Biology Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2100Denmark Department of Statistics Department of Biomedical Data ScienceBio-X ProgramStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China

The genetic information coded in DNA leads to trait innovation via a gene regulatory network(GRN)in development.Here,we developed a conserved non-coding element interpretation method to integrate multi-omics data into gene regulatory network(CNEReg)to investigate the Ruminant multi-chambered stomach innovation.We generated paired expression and chromatin accessibility data during rumen and esophagus development in sheep,and revealed 1601 active Ruminantspecific conserved non-coding elements(active-RSCNEs).To interpret the function of these activeRSCNEs,we defined toolkit transcription factors(TTFs)and modeled their regulation on rumenspecific genes via batteries of active-RSCNEs during development.Our developmental GRN revealed 18 TTFs and 313 active-RSCNEs regulating 7 rumen functional modules.Notably,6 TTFs(OTX1,SOX21,HOXC8,SOX2,TP63,and PPARG),as well as 16 active-RSCNEs,functionally distinguished the rumen from the esophagus.Our study provides a systematic approach to understanding how gene regulation evolves and shapes complex traits by putting evo-devo concepts into practice with developmental multi-omics data.

关键词： Trait innovation Gene regulatory network Conserved non-coding element Toolkit transcription factor Ruminant

Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve Ruminant production in the tropics: A review

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第3期4卷 241-249页

作者： Muhammed A.Arowolo Jianhua He College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University

Ruminant production, especially in the tropics and developing countries suffers a setback when compared with the temperate and developed countries, which is attributable to the kinds of available feed resources in the region of production. In the tropics, Ruminants are restricted to grazing on low-quality forages, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products with very little or no concentrate diets, which adversely affect the animals in exhibiting their full production potential. Considering this fact, there is an increasing interest in improving the digestibility of these feed resources. In recent years, researchers have explored several methods to enhance the functions of rumen microflora, improve digestion and fermentation processes, as well as increase bioavailability and utilization of nutrients through feed supplementation. This review aims to explore the positive effects of supplementation of Ruminant diets with probiotics or botanical extracts and their metabolites on the productivity of the animals. Moreover, the functions of these non-pathogenic and non-toxic live microorganisms(probiotics) and plant biologically active compounds(botanical extract)are explored because of the ban on non-therapeutic use of antibiotics as growth promoters coupled with the critical preference of consumers to high quality and safe animal products. It has been reported that these alternative supplemental products have a beneficial impact on both animal health and productivity, which is affecting stabilization of rumen environment, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria proliferation in gastrointestinal tract, modulation of immune response, increase in fibre degradation and fermentation, nutrients availability and utilization, animal growth performance and milk production, among others. However,long-term in vivo studies are still required to determine the synergetic effects of these 2 safe supplemental products.

关键词： Ruminant Supplementation Probiotics Botanical extracts Tropics

Sustainable Agriculture:From Sweet Sorghum Planting and Ensiling to Ruminant Feeding

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Molecular Plant 2019年第5期12卷 603-606页

作者： Qi Xie Zhihong Xu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

A large proportion of food is composed of crops and meat besides vegetables and fruits.The production of crops and meat needs a large area of land and other resources,such as water,chemical fertilizer,and pesticides.The growing world population in creases the demand for food security.Moreover,developi ng countries with highly dense populations have dramatically changed food composition from mostly crops to more meat and milk,which has forced the adjustment and optimization of agricultural production structure to supply the demand caused by these dramatic changes.

关键词： Ensiling Ruminant Feeding

Study on small Ruminant lungworms and associated risk factors in northeastern Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第11期5卷 853-856页

作者： Hassan Borji Mohammad Azizzadeh Mansour Ebrahimi Mohammad Asadpour Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran Department of clinical science School of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran

Objective:To determine the prevalence,identify the species involved and assess possible risk factors of lungwonn infection in small Ruminant slaughtered in abattoir of Mashhad in the northeast of Iran from October 2010 -August 2011.Methods:Faecal and post mortem examination were conducted on 350 and 2 500 animals,respectively.Results:The overall prevalence of lungwonn infection was 10.85%and 3.80%in coproscopic and post mortem examination respectively,and this difference was found to be significant.Higher prevalence of lungwonn infection was recorded in post mortem examination in sheep(4.1%) than in goats (0.5%)(P<0.05).The proportion of infection with Dictyocaulus filaria,Protostrongylus rufescens and mixed infection were 3.7%,0.1%and 0.2%in sheep while in goats,the infection was reported with Dictyocaulus filaria(0.5%) only.The seasonal dynamics of lungwonn infection showed that prevalence was highest in winter(7.8%) with a remarkable decline during the dry time(summer) (0.8%) which the difference was significant(P<0.001).The animals of less than one year old showed greater infection in post mortem examination than older animals significantly(P<0.001). Also,the infection rate between male and female animals showed significant difference(P<0.05) with prevalence rate of 4.6%and 2.0%,respectively.Conclusions:Due to its impact on production, emphasis should be given for the control and prevention of lungworm infection in this area.

关键词： Dictyocaulus filaria Protostrongylus rufescens Lungworms Small Ruminant Iran

Nutrient Evaluation of Dining Center Food Waste and Comparison to Monogastric and Ruminant Feedstuffs

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 323-335页

作者： Nelsa M. Beckman Phillip A. Lancaster Haley K. Otott Rachel N. Kort Katherine M. Krauss Melissa A. Schrader Jordan T. Gebhardt Charles R. Stark Chad B. Paulk Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Housing and Dining Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine Pathobiology Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The objective of this study was to analyze the nutrient composition and variability of university dining hall food waste and compare it with common feedstuffs used in Ruminant and monogastric diets. Food waste was categorized into two initial streams: mainstream (MS) from the serving line and vegetable preparation (VP) from the kitchen. Waste was collected from the Kramer Dining Center, Kansas State University, resulting in 30 daily samples. Waste was weighed and ground to homogenous particle size. Daily samples of MS and VP were analyzed for nutrient composition, where results were combined to calculate the nutrient profile of a hypothetical mixed food waste stream (MX) composited by total weight. Data were analyzed using R statistical software (v 4.2.2). Moisture and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were greater in VP (P , while ether extract (EE) was less compared to MS and MX. Crude protein (CP) was greater (P 0.05) among streams for NDF, nitrogen-corrected neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent insoluble crude protein, CP, ash, lignin, and digestible and metabolizable energy. Dry matter and EE variation were greater (P Ruminant and monogastric diets. Further research needs to be done to understand the value of including it in animal diets.

关键词： Food Waste Feedstuffs Monogastric Ruminant Nutrient Variability

Understanding the role of rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions in cattle feed efficiency

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 41-53页

作者： Sang Weon Na Le Luo Guan Department of Agricultural Food&Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Feed efficiency is one of the economically important traits for the cattle industry that affects profit(feed costs)and the environment(production of manure and methane).Due to that feed efficiency is driven by multi-factors,mechanisms contributing to the animal to animal variation in this trait have not been well defined,limiting the development of precision feeding strategies to improve the herd production efficiency.Rumen microbial fermentation and volatile fatty acids(VFA)production have been recently reported to be associated with cattle feed efficiency,however the roles of rumen epithelial function in feed efficiency are less studied although the rumen epithelium has an important function in VFA absorption and metabolism which can affect host feed efficiency.Rumen epithelium is colonized with a diverse microbial population,termed epimural microbiota,which has proposed functions in tissue development,barrier and inflammation,urea transport,and oxygen scavenging,suggesting that they can affect rumen epithelial functions and subsequently cattle feed efficiency.Especially,prospective functions of epimural microbiota,enhanced rumen immunity and increased rumen epithelial thickness,might contribute to less nutritional requirement for tissue recuperation.Thus,the understanding of the functions of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions is essential to identify their roles in contributing to feed efficiency.In this review,we will focus on to date research findings on the structure of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and epithelial host-microbe interactions together with their functions and how these are associated with feed efficiency,aiming to provide insights on future directions to study rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions and improve the rumen functions in cattle.

关键词： Ruminant Feed efficiency Rumen epithelium Epimural microbiota Microbiome

Potential benefits of amino acid supplementation for cervid performance and nutritional ecology,with special focus on lysine and methionine:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 391-401页

作者： Veit Ny Tersia Needham Francisco Ceacero Department of Animal Science and Food Processing Faculty of Tropical AgriSciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueCzech Republic Department of Cattle Breeding Institute of Animal SciencePragueCzech Republic Food Research Institute Prague Czech Republic

Deer farming is a thriving industry for venison,velvet antlers,trophy hunting,and other by-products.Feeding and nutrition are important factors for improving production performance,especially dietary protein and amino acids(AAs),as they are the main components of all tissues.Only a few studies on AA supplementation(Lys,Met,Arg)have been performed on cervids,which show positive effects on weight gain,ADG,feed-:gain ratio,plasma AAs,carcass weight,dressing percentage,yield of high-quality muscles,storage of internal fat during winter,DM and CP digestibility,plasma protein-and fat-related metabolite concentrations,antler burr perimeter,weight,length and mineralisation,velvet antler yield,rumen volatile fatty acids,and microbiome composition.All these effects are relevant for supporting the production of cervids products,from venison to velvet or trophy antlers,as well as their general performance and well-being of captive-bred cervids.The current available information suggests that AA supplementation can be especially interesting for animals fed low protein rations,and growing animals,but should be avoided in high rations and during winter,since it may promote the accumulation of internal fat.Potential effects on milk production and the concentrations of different hormones involved in the regulation of the antler cycle should be further explored.

关键词： Antler Deer Feed additive Protein Ruminant Venison

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute negatively to hindgut barrier function development at the early weaning goat model

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 111-123页

作者： Ke Zhang Yangbin Xu Yuxin Yang Mengmeng Guo Ting Zhang Bo Zong Shuhong Huang Langda Suo Baohua Ma Xiaolong Wang Yujiang Wu Daniel Brugger Yulin Chen Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Institute of Animal Sciences Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa850009China Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics Vetsuisse-FacultyUniversity of Zurich8057ZurichSwitzerland

Early weaning induces intestinal injury,leading to a series of long-term symptoms such as inflammation,malabsorption and diarrhea.In this study,we hypothesized that microbes and theirmetabolitesmodulate the host's inflammatory response to early weaning stress in a goatmodel.A total of 18 female Tibetan goat kids(n?9)wereweaned fromtheirmothers at 28 d(D28)and 60 d(D60)postpartum.D60 and D28 groupswere fed the same solid diet ad libitum fromweaning to 75 d of age.The colonic epithelium was subject to RNAsequencing,the caecal digesta metabolomics were assessed by liquid chromatographyetandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the caecal microbiota composition was analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.We foundthatearlyweaningsubstantially increased the colonic pro-apoptotic gene expressionof B-cell lymphoma associated X(Bax),caspase-9,and caspase-3,and decreased the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin-1(P<0.01).In addition,a significant Bacteroides acidifaciens enrichmentwas observed in the hindgut of early-weaned goats(P<0.01),which negatively correlated with lysophosphatidylcholine products.Similarly,the chemokine signaling,IL-17 signaling,and peroxisome proliferatorsactivated receptor(PPAR)signaling pathways were upregulated in the colonic mucosa of the early-weaned goats.By applying caecal microbiota transplantation from goats to defaunated C57/6J mice,we confirmed that caecalmicrobiota of D28 goat kids increased the relative abundance of B.acidifaciens and significantly upregulated the genes of Bax,G proteinecoupled receptor(GPR)109A,GPR 43,fatty acid binding protein 6,nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3,angiotensin converting enzyme 2,and IL-6 expression(P<0.05),and decreased ZO-1,and claudin-1 protein expression in the mice jejunum and colon(P<0.001).These results proposed that the hindgut microbiota andmetabolites mediate the barrier functionweakening duringearlyweaning,and the relative abundance of B.acidifacienswas negatively correlatedwiththe hindgut barrier gene expression.Th

关键词： Hindgut microbiome Ruminant Dysbiosis Inflammation Colon