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An exploratory study on road tunnel with semi-transparent photovoltaic canopy-From energy saving and fire safety perspectives

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Building Simulation 2022年第4期15卷 537-548页

作者： Dahai Qi Senwen Yang Chang Shu Xin Zhang Liangzhu(Leon)Wang Andreas Athienitis Department of Civil and Building Engineering Universite de Sherbrooke2500boul.de I'UniversiteSherbrookeQuebec J1K2R1Canada Centre for Zero Energy Building Studies Department of BuildingCivil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia University1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd.WestMontrealQuebec H3G 1M8Canada

road tunnels consume a large amount of energy,especially in the Canadian cold climate,where the roads are heated electrically or deicing during the *** a more sustainable and resilient road tunnel energy system,we conducted an exploratory study on installing a semi-transparent photovoltaic(STPV)canopy at the entrances and exits of a tunnel under a *** proposed system generates solar-powered electricity,improves thermal and visual conditions,and reduces energy *** this study,field measurements of road surface temperature and air temperature were conducted,and numerical simulations with and without STPV were performed to study air and road surface temperatures under different traffic *** field measurements show the road surface temperatures are higher than the air temperature on *** interior air and road surface temperature were measured to be above 0°C,even though the outdoor temperature is far below 0°C,thus significantly reducing the need for deicing in winter using *** simulations show that the air and surface temperatures elevate due to the solar transmission heat through the STPV canopy,thus reducing deicing energy consumption *** fire safety analysis also showed that the proposed system's top opening should be located near the tunnel entrance instead of the canopy entrance for better smoke exhaust during a fire.

关键词： STPV road tunnel fire safety energy efficiency cold climate

Connection of the prefabricated updeck of road tunnels by a short lap-spliced joint using ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第6期17卷 870-883页

作者： Hui WANG Yong YUAN Junnan QIU Yuan XUE Guangzhou XIE Qian CHENG Yuanchao DING Qing AI School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Shanghai Chengtou Highway Group Co. Ltd.Shanghai200336China Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co. Ltd.Shanghai201103China

Prefabricated internal structures of road tunnels,consisting of precast elements and the connections between them,provide advantages in terms of quality control and manufacturing ***,the limited construction space in tunnels creates challenges for on-site *** identify feasible connecting joints,flexural tests of precast straight beams connected by welding-spliced or lap-spliced reinforcements embedded in normal concrete or ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete(UHPFRC)are first performed and *** an improvement in the strength grade of the closure concrete for the lap-spliced joint,the failure of the beam transforms from a brittle splitting mode to a ductile flexural *** beam connected by UHPFRC100 with short lap-spliced reinforcements can achieve almost equivalent mechanical performance in terms of the bearing capacity,ductility,and stiffness as the beam connected by normal concrete with welding-spliced *** favorable solution is then applied to the connection of neighboring updeck slabs resting on columns in a double-deck *** applicability is validated by flexural tests of T-shaped joints,which,fail in a ductile fashion dominated by the ultimate bearing capacity of the precast elements,similar to the corresponding straight *** utilization of UHPFRC significantly reduces the required lap-splice length of reinforcements owing to its strong bonding strength.

关键词： UHPFRC prefabricated updeck road tunnel lap-spliced rebars flexural tests

Supporting decision-making processes for selecting fire safety measures for road tunnels

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第3期9卷 473-489页

作者： Panagiotis Ntzeremes Konstantinos Kirytopoulos School of Mechanical Engineering National Technical University of AthensAthens 10682Greece

Selecting fires safety measures for road tunnels relies mainly on strict regulatory requirements. However, the choice should also be based on many different criteria and ranking of alternatives should take place. Existing methods exhibit lack in dealing rigorously with measures’ selection amongst different alternatives. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a novel method, named EVADE, which aims to incorporate diverse stakeholders’ views and provide a meaningful ranking of *** do so, it estimates the tunnel level of safety taking into account only any standard measures existing. Subsequently, the performance of additional measures is ***, a list of the most significant criteria that are valuable to judge the appropriateness of selected measures is introduced. The relative importance amongst the decision criteria is calculated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process, based on the expert opinion. Sensitivity analysis through Monte Carlo simulation is embedded to allow for a meaningful prioritization of the decision criteria. Thus, the alternatives’ ranking comes as a distribution instead of a single number, providing the decision-maker richer information for selecting the most suitable measure(s) according to the specific tunnel situation. At last, a typical tunnel is examined to showcase the utilization of the method.

关键词： road tunnel Critical infrastructure Decision-making Quantitative-risk-assessment

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An air cleaner for road tunnels

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Journal of Chongqing University 2003年第1期2卷 13-16页

作者：雷玉勇 Sichuan University of Science and Technology Chengdu 610039 P.R. China

an air cleaner employing pulse induced plasma chemical process to remove dust and carbon monoxide (CO) in road tunnels is presented, which is composed of mainly a precipitator, a reactor, a flow control system, a power supply and a measurement system. Its performances are studied in simulated air conditions. It is found that the rate of dust removal is dependent on the voltage of the pulse power, the distance between the two dust collecting plates of the electrostatic precipitator, the effective length of the precipitator and the air flow rate in the precipitator, and that of CO removal is affected by the voltage and frequency of the super pulse power, the air flow rate in the reactor and the relative humidity of air. Applying such an cleaner of a proper design to the treatment of polluted air at a flow rate of 7 m/s can achieve the rate of dust removal up to 93 % and that of CO removal up to 72.6 %, which efficiently controls the concentrations of CO and dust under allowable limits. It is implied that the proposed air cleaner is a potential solution to air control in road tunnels, and is prominent for its performances and saving the huge cost of longitudinal ventilation tunnel or vertical vent and ventilation facilities.

关键词： air pollution air pollution control dust removal road tunnel CO removal

Applications of airtight concrete grouting to road tunnels

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Journal of Chongqing University 2002年第2期1卷 28-30页

作者：刘新荣 ZHANG Dongming 等 CollegeofCivilEngineering ChongqingUniversityChongqing400045P.R.China ChongqingCommunicatinResearch&DesignInstitute Chongqing400067P.R.China

road tunnel excavation often traverses coal strata, which is at risk of firedamp explosion that usually results in disaster. Airtight concrete grouting is popularly used in this kind of tunnel project. Based on the essential theory of mechanics of fluids in porous media, the principle of improving concrete airtight property and its influential factors are investigated. The proportioning tests and monitoring method for airtight concrete are introduced, which is illustrated by a case study applied to the project of the Huayinshan tunnel. It is proved by engineering practices that the achievement of this research work is beneficial to tunneling project across coal strata.

关键词： road tunnel airtight concrete gas outburst preventing

Evaluating Market Benefits of Transportation tunnels—The Carmel tunnels as a Case Study

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第10期7卷 1259-1272页

作者： Ofira Ayalon Lior Shmueli Shiri Freund Koren Maayan Zion Zerbib Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management Faculty of Management University of Haifa Haifa Israel Samuel Neaman Institute Technion Haifa Israel EcoFinance-Consulting & Responsible Investments Ramat Gan Israel

Since opening in 2010, The Carmel tunnels have redirected some of the traffic from within the City of Haifa in Israel. This paper studies the direct and indirect financial and environmental benefits of the Carmel tunnels compared to alternative routes. Di-rect benefits for drivers include financial savings thanks to savings on time and gas. Indirect benefits for drivers and for the public include reduced air pollution, green-house gas emissions and noise. Results show significant positive benefits from using the Carmel tunnels compared to various alternative routes (i.e., reference scenarios). During peak hours (8 am and 4 pm), when there is heavy traffic on the alternative routes, the total benefits increase by about 25% - 47%. Using tunnels for transportation allows, among other benefits, efficient use of underground land, redirecting traffic congestion from town centers, decreasing landscape damage due to major roads passing through open spaces, and reducing air pollution in residential areas.

关键词： road tunnel Traffic Air Pollution Traffic Noise Alternative Routes

Limiting Nuisance for Traffic during the Refurbishment of the Heinenoord tunnel in The Netherlands:In Search of Resilience Possibilities

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2024年第6期12卷 276-290页

作者： Ronald W.Mante PIARC TC 4.4 Working Group 2 on Safety and Resilience Rijkswaterstaat(RWS)Ministry of Infrastructure and Water ManagementUtrecht NL-3526 LAThe Netherlands

The Heinenoord tunnel in The Netherlands connects the Hoeksche Waard Island with the city of *** tunnel is 614 m long,consists of two unidirectional tubes(3 lanes each)and has an average daily traffic load of 92,100 *** tunnel was opened for traffic in *** structure is basically still sound,but a full refurbishment of the installations and systems is required,because they are end of life.A long closure of the tunnel(or even one tube)is not possible,because alternative routes are scarce and require significant extra travel time,not suitable for the high traffic ***,various scenarios were considered to assure the accessibility of the Hoeksche Waard during the works,scheduled for ***-criteria analyses were performed for each scenario,taking into account the total project cost,societal cost(due to extra travel time)and the total required time span for the *** through“parallel assembly”proved to be *** concept means that the new installations and systems are installed next to the current ones,that will remain in service until the end phase of the *** existing installations and systems are only dismantled after integral testing has shown that the completed new ones work *** approach allows most of the works to be carried out during a series of night and weekend closures of just one *** limits nuisance,because one driving direction is always left undisturbed,while the closure for the other driving direction takes place in low-traffic *** paper describes the applied method to select the optimal refurbishment approach,as well as the(partly unconventional)measures that are implemented to enhance the resilience of the tunnel system to assure as much availability for traffic as possible,also during future maintenance works.

关键词： road tunnel safety refurbishment resilience traffic nuisance social interests