Evaluating Market Benefits of Transportation Tunnels—The Carmel Tunnels as a Case Study
Evaluating Market Benefits of Transportation Tunnels—The Carmel Tunnels as a Case Study作者机构：Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management Faculty of Management University of Haifa Haifa Israel Samuel Neaman Institute Technion Haifa Israel EcoFinance-Consulting & Responsible Investments Ramat Gan Israel
出 版 物：《Journal of Environmental Protection》 (环境保护（英文）)
年 卷 期：2016年第7卷第10期
页 面：1259-1272页
学科分类：0202[经济学-应用经济学] 02[经济学] 020205[经济学-产业经济学]
主 题：Road Tunnel Traffic Air Pollution Traffic Noise Alternative Routes
摘 要：Since opening in 2010, The Carmel Tunnels have redirected some of the traffic from within the City of Haifa in Israel. This paper studies the direct and indirect financial and environmental benefits of the Carmel Tunnels compared to alternative routes. Di-rect benefits for drivers include financial savings thanks to savings on time and gas. Indirect benefits for drivers and for the public include reduced air pollution, green-house gas emissions and noise. Results show significant positive benefits from using the Carmel Tunnels compared to various alternative routes (i.e., reference scenarios). During peak hours (8 am and 4 pm), when there is heavy traffic on the alternative routes, the total benefits increase by about 25% - 47%. Using tunnels for transportation allows, among other benefits, efficient use of underground land, redirecting traffic congestion from town centers, decreasing landscape damage due to major roads passing through open spaces, and reducing air pollution in residential areas.
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