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TOPLESS promotes plant immunity by repressing auxin signaling and is targeted by the fungal effector Naked1

Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 92-111页

作者： Fernando Navarrete Michelle Gallei Aleksandra EKornienko Indira Saado Mamoona Khan Khong-Sam Chia Martin A.Darino Janos Bindics Armin Djamei Gregor Mendel Institute(GMI) Austrian Academy of Sciences(OEAW)Vienna BioCenter(VBC)Dr.Bohr-Gasse 31030 ViennaAustria Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK) OT GaterslebenCorrensstraße 306466 Stadt SeelandGermany Present address:Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 13400 KlosterneuburgAustria Present address:Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Dr.Bohr-Gasse 31030 ViennaAustria Present address:Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation University of BonnBonnGermany

In plants,the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal *** perception of pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns(PAMPs)frominvadingmicroorganismsinhibits auxin signalingand plant ***,pathogens manipulate auxin signaling to promote disease,but how this hormone inhibits immunity is not fully *** maydis is a maize pathogen that induces auxin signaling in its *** characterized a *** effector protein,Naked1(Nkd1),that is translocated into the host *** its native ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,Nkd1 binds to the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLESS/TOPLESS-related(TPL/TPRs)and prevents the recruitment of a transcriptional repressor involved in hormonal signaling,leading to the derepression of auxin and jasmonate signaling and thereby promoting susceptibility to(hemi)biotrophic pathogens.A moderate upregulation of auxin signaling inhibits the PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst,an early defense ***,our findings establish a clear mechanism for auxin-induced pathogen *** Nkd1 variants with increased expression or increased EAR-mediated TPL/TPR binding trigger typical salicylic-acid-mediated defense reactions,leading to pathogen *** implies that moderate binding of Nkd1 to TPL is a result of a balancing evolutionary selection process to enable TPL manipulation while avoiding host recognition.

关键词： topless auxin pattern-triggered immunity PTI effector maize Ustilago maydis

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Robust transcriptional indicators of immune cell death revealed by spatiotemporal transcriptome analyses

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Molecular Plant 2022年第6期15卷 1059-1075页

作者： Jose Salguero-Linares Irene Serrano Nerea Ruiz-Solani Marta Salas-Gómez Ujjal Jyoti Phukan Victor Manuel González MartíBernardo-Faura Marc Valls David Rengel Nuria S.Coll Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UBCampus UABBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain LIPM Universitéde ToulouseINRACNRS84195 Castanet-TolosanFrance INRAE GeT-PlaGeGenotoul31326 Castanet-TolosanFrance Department of Genetics Universitat de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC) BarcelonaSpain Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology.Albrechtvon Haller Institute for Plant Sciences niversity of GottingenJulia-Lermontowa-Weg3.37077 GottingenGrmany Institut de Phammacologie et de Biologie Structurale IPBS Universite deToulouse CNRSUPSBP 64182205 route de Nartxonne310077 Toulouse Cedex 04France

Recognition of a pathogen by the plant immune system often triggers a form of regulated cell death traditionally known as the hypersensitive response(HR).This type of cell death occurs precisely at the site of pathogen recognition,and it is restricted to a few *** research has shed light on how plant immune receptors are mechanistically ***,two central key questions remain largely unresolved:how does cell death zonation take place,and what are the mechanisms that underpin this phenomenon?Consequently,bona fide transcriptional indicators of HR are lacking,which prevents deeper insight into its mechanisms before cell death becomes macroscopic and precludes early or live *** this study,to identify the transcriptional indicators of HR we used the paradigmatic Arabidopsis thaliana–Pseudomonas syringae pathosystem and performed a spatiotemporally resolved gene expression analysis that compared infected cells that will undergo HR upon pathogen recognition with bystander cells that will stay alive and activate *** data revealed unique and time-dependent differences in the repertoire of differentially expressed genes,expression profiles,and biological processes derived from tissue undergoing HR and that of its ***,we generated a pipeline based on concatenated pairwise comparisons between time,zone,and treatment that enabled us to define 13 robust transcriptional HR *** these genes,the promoter of an uncharacterized AAA-ATPase was used to obtain a fluorescent reporter transgenic line that displays a strong spatiotemporally resolved signal specifically in cells that will later undergo pathogen-triggered cell *** valuable set of genes can be used to define cells that are destined to die upon infection with HR-triggering bacteria,opening new avenues for specific and/or high-throughput techniques to study HR processes at a single-cell level.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell death indicator effector-triggered immunity hypersensitive response pattern-triggered immunity plant immunity Pseudomonas syringae

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Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance:Current understanding and future perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 699-724页

作者： Antonio Molina Lucıa Jorda Miguel Angel Torres Marina Martın-Dacal Diego Jose Berlanga Patricia Fernandez-Calvo Elena Gomez-Rubio Sonsoles Martın-Santamarıa Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Departamento de Biotecnologıa-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierıa AgronomicaAlimentarıa y de BiosistemasUPMMadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Ramiro de Maeztu 928040 MadridSpain Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain

Beyond their function as structural barriers,plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental *** walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental *** wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress *** cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection,wounding,or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules,such as carbohydrates(glycans),that function as damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains(ECDs)of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and disease ***,glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI *** number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent ***,the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain ***,this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family,which are involved in the perception of various molecules,such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides(i.e.,Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza,respectively)that trigger differential physiological ***,additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide *** include receptor kinases(RKs)with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs(LRR-MAL RKs),Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group(CrRLK1L)with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-RKs,and *** characterization of structural basis of glycans recogniti

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPs disease resistance glycans oligosaccharides pattern-triggered immunity PTl pattern recognition receptor PRRs

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Active DNA demethylation regulates MAMP-triggered immune priming in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第8期49卷 796-809页

作者： Mengling Huang Ying Zhang Ying Wang Jiatao Xie Jiasen Cheng Yanping Fu Daohong Jiang Xiao Yu Bo Li State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory WuhanHubei 430070China

Plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)to activate immune responses and defense priming to defend against pathogen *** regulation of gene expression is crucial for plant immunity and is mediated by multiple factors,including DNA ***,it remains unknown whether and how DNA demethylation contributes to immune responses in MAMPtriggered ***,we report that active DNA demethylation is required for MAMP-triggered immunity to bacterial *** rdd-2 triple mutant carrying mutations in ROS1,DML2,and DML3 that encode DNA glycosylases,which are key DNA demethylation enzymes,exhibits compromised immune responses triggered by the MAMPs fig22 and ***-wide methylome analysis reveals that fig22 induces rapid and specific DNA demethylation in an RDD-dependent *** expression levels of salicylic acid signaling-related and phytoalexin biosynthesis-related genes are tightly associated with the fig22-induced promoter *** compromised accumulation of priming compounds and antimicrobial metabolites ultimately leads to a defense priming defect in the rdd-2 *** results reveal the critical role of active DNA demethylation in the MAMP-triggered immune response and provide unique insight into the molecular mechanism of fig22-modulated DNA demethylation.

关键词： pattern-triggered immunity Immune priming Defense gene expression DNA demethylation Immune signal transduction

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PsRLKs在大豆疫霉与植物互作中的功能研究

PsRLKs在大豆疫霉与植物互作中的功能研究

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作者：乔慧君南京农业大学

学位级别：硕士

大豆疫霉(Phytophthora sojae)属于卵菌门(Oomycota),是制约我国大豆安全生产的病原菌之一,其引起的大豆根腐病在我国大豆产区可导致减产30%以上甚至绝收,造成严重的经济损失。目前,其防治主要依赖化学农药和抗病品种。但由于大豆疫霉... 详细信息

大豆疫霉(Phytophthora sojae)属于卵菌门(Oomycota),是制约我国大豆安全生产的病原菌之一,其引起的大豆根腐病在我国大豆产区可导致减产30%以上甚至绝收,造成严重的经济损失。目前,其防治主要依赖化学农药和抗病品种。但由于大豆疫霉遗传多样性复杂、基因组可塑性强、在自然环境下变异快等特点,极易出现耐药和能克服寄主抗性的菌株。因此,研究大豆疫霉和寄主植物的互作机制,可为寻找病害控制新靶点奠定分子基础。LRR-RLK(Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase)是植物类受体激酶家族中最大的亚家族,在调控植物生长发育和免疫反应等生理过程中发挥重要作用。近期研究发现,此类受体蛋白在疫霉菌中也广泛存在。本课题组前期系统研究大豆疫霉LRR-RLKs的功能发现,其对大豆疫霉的孢子生成、游动孢子趋化性、致病性和抗逆等过程均十分重要,但其在大豆疫霉菌与植物互作中所起到的作用在很大程度上是未知的。考虑到已经发现的大豆疫霉LRR-RLK基因亚家族在大豆疫霉菌致病性和应激反应中多样化的功能,进一步探究其在大豆疫霉与寄主植物互作过程中的功能,不仅有助于寻找新的高效绿色防治靶标,为防治大豆疫霉菌引起的根腐病提供防治新策略,还可以对其他物种中LRR-RLK基因家族的研究提供参考。为此,本研究围绕甾醇利用、与致病相关G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)协同以及对植物PTI(pattern-triggered immunity)反应的调节等三个方面,系统分析了LRR-RLKs在大豆疫霉与寄主植物互作过程中的具体功能。具体研究内容如下:PsRLK12对大豆疫霉利用sterol至关重要:通过剂量反应生长实验,以动物甾醇胆固醇和真菌甾醇麦角固醇为对照,选取大豆中含量最高的2种甾醇(豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇)为研究对象,明确了大豆疫霉偏好利用豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇。进一步利用β-谷甾醇对24个PsRLKs敲除突变体进行筛选,筛选到一个对β-谷甾醇敏感的突变体ΔPsRLK12。相比野生型,ΔPsRLK12对上述4种甾醇的利用效率都大幅降低,在低浓度甾醇的处理下,ΔPsRLK12的生长速率没有明显增加;在高浓度甾醇的处理条件下,ΔPsRLK12可以继续生长。并且,相比胆固醇和麦角固醇,ΔPsRLK12在β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇处理条件下生长速率显著加快。最后,利用萤光素酶互补(split-LUC)技术,筛选了与大豆Gm PR-1a(可以结合甾醇)互作的PsRLKs,发现有6个与Gm PR-1a互作的PsRLKs,分别是PsRLK8/15/17/19/20/22。三个致病相关PsRLKs与PsGPCR6互作:LRR-RLK和G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)分别是植物和动物中重要的细胞膜受体蛋白,疫霉菌同时含有这两类蛋白,但二者间是否可以协同作用尚不清楚。实验室前期鉴定到一个PsGPCR6,敲除该基因后通大豆疫霉的致病性显著降低,同时也鉴定到6个致病相关的PsRLKs(PsRLK8/12/15/18/19/20)。为明确PsRLK和PsGPCR是否存在互作关系,利用splitLUC技术,发现PsGPCR6与3个致病性相关的PsRLKs互作,分别是PsRLK8、PsRLK12、PsRLK19。PsRLKs抑制植物PTI反应:利用农杆菌瞬时表达技术对24个PsRLKs进行筛选,通过分析(1)抑制INF1诱导的细胞死亡、(2)抑制flg22或chintin诱导的ROS迸发等指标,发现所有PsRLKs都不能抑制INF1诱导的细胞死亡,但PsRLK5、PsRLK11、PsRLK16和PsRLK23可以显著抑制flg22和chintin诱导的ROS迸发。进一步利用split-LUC系统分析PsRLKs与大豆PTI关键辅助受体BAK1和SOBIR1的互作关系,发现PsRLK17和PsRLK19与大豆BAK1互作。综上所述,通过系统分析PsRLKs在大豆疫霉和寄主植物的互作过程中功能,明确了PsRLKs在调控甾醇利用、与致病相关GPCR协同以及抑制植物PTI反应等方面都发挥了重要作用,研究结果将为深入解析PsRLKs在调控大豆疫霉致病性的分子机制奠定重要基础。

关键词：大豆疫病类受体激酶甾醇 pattern-triggered immunity G蛋白偶联受体

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