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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第10期26卷 2153-2161页

作者： Guozhang Chang Ximin Yan Pengyu Qi Mei An Xiude Hu Qingjie Guo State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing of Shandong Province College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology

palm kernel shell(PKS)biochars with different levels of carbon conversion were initially prepared using a tube furnace,after which the reactivity of each sample was assessed with a thermogravimetric analyzer under a CO_2 *** pore structure and carbon ordering of each biochar also examined,employing a surface area analyzer and a Raman *** results showed that the gasification index R_sof the PKS biochar decreased from 0.0305 min^(-1) at carbon conversion(x)=20% to 0.0278 min^(-1)at x=40%.The expansion of micropores was the dominant process during the pore structure evolution,ad mesopores with sizes ranging from 6 to 20,48 to 50 nm were primarily generated during gasification under a CO_2/H_2O *** proportion of amorphous carbon in the PKS biochar decreased significantly as x increased,suggesting that the proportion of ordered carbon was increased during the CO_2/H_2O mixed gasification.A significantly reduced total reaction time was observed when employing a CO_2/intermittent H_2O process along with an 83.46% reduction in the steam feed,compared with the amount required using a CO_2/H_2O atmosphere.

关键词： palm kernel shell Reactivity Pore structure Carbon ordering degree CO2/intermittent H2O gasification

Clean utilization of palm kernel shell:sustainable and naturally heteroatom-doped porous activated carbon for lithium-sulfur batteries

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Rare Metals 2020年第9期39卷 1099-1106页

作者： Xu-Ran Han Xiao-Tian Guo Meng-Jiao Xu Huan Pang Yan-Wen Ma Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays&Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Nanjing University of Posts&TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangling CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have received much concern as emerging high-power energy storage ***,the low conductivity of sulfur and poly sulfide shuttle results in low rate capability and rapid capacity decay,which seriously limit its commercial ***,facile,sustainable and cost-effective strategy for preparing heteroatom-doped porous activated carbon(PAC)derived from biomass palm kernel shell(PKS)was developed for high-performance LSB *** presence of N,P and S heteroatoms with modification of the surface polarity brings about large amounts of active sites and improved adsorption property compared to those of common carbon *** PAC sample possesses desirable specific surface area(SSA)(2760 m2·g-1)as well as pore volume(1.6 cm3·g-1).Besides,the good electrical conductivity of PAC endows the material with excellent rate *** PAC-S electrode with a 60%of sulfur loading has a desirable first discharge capacity(1045 mAh·g1,200 mA·g-1)with superb discharge capacity(869.8 mAh·g-1,100 th cycle)and cyclability(312.6 mAh·g-1,800 mA·g-1,1000 th cycle),which can be mainly ascribed to its unique porous properties and the good conductivity of PAC.

关键词： palm kernel shell Heteroatom doping Porous activated carbon Lithium-sulfur battery

Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Study of Methane on palm kernel shell-Derived Activated Carbon

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第1期8卷 66-77页

作者： Mohd Saufi Md Zaini Muhammad Arshad Syed Shatir A.Syed-Hassan School of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan TerengganuKampus Bukit BesiDungun 23200Malaysia Department of Basic Science Jhang-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal ScienceLahore 35200Pakistan School of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARAShah Alam 40450Malaysia

Activated carbon(AC)was synthesized from palm kernel shell(PKS)using different activating agents,i.e.,steam,carbon dioxide(CO 2),and CO 2-steam,in order to analyze the impact of acti-vating agents on the pore opening of *** this study,AC produced from PKS was found to have great potential as an adsorbent for methane *** different molecular diffusivity and reac-tivity of the combination of CO 2 and steam succeeded in producing AC with the highest burn-offof 78.57%,a surface area of 869.82 m 2/g,a total pore volume of 0.47 cm 3/g,and leading to maximum methane gas adsorption capacity of 4.500 mol/*** types of ACs exhibited the best fit with the Freundlich isotherm model,with the correlation coefficient(R 2)ranging from 0.997 to 0.999,indicating the formation of multilayer *** addition,the adsorption kinetic data for all ACs followed the pseudo-first-order model showing that the rate of adsorption was dependent on both the adsorbent and the adsorbate and was governed primarily by physical ad-sorption between the pore surface and methane *** results of intraparticle diffusion model indicated that the adsorption of methane was affected by both pore diffusion and exterior layer diffusion due to the different adsorption rates.

关键词： palm kernel shell Activated carbon Methane adsorption Kinetic model Isotherm model

Life cycle analysis of palm kernel shell gasification for supplying heat to an asphalt mixing plant

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第1期2卷 55-63页

作者： Sunu Herwi Pranolo Prabang Setyono Muhammad Akvis Fauzi Study Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Sebelas MaretSurakartaIndonesia Magister Study Program of Environmental Science PostgraduateUniversitas Sebelas MaretSurakartaIndonesia

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia states that the thermal energy for hot-mixed asphalt production shall be supplied by the direct combustion of fossil fuels in the form of diesel oil,natural gas,or fuel gas from coal gasification which may generate GHG *** are able to substitute the fossil fuels through gasification *** converts the biomass using limited air into gaseous fuel containing mainly CO and H_(2) that are subsequently combusted to produce heat,carbon dioxide,and *** is obvious that the CO_(2) is then absorbed by the plants for photosynthesis,main-taining a balanced closed *** study examines the level of global warming potential of this system for supplying heat based on the openLCA v1.9 *** analysis used a gate-to-gate approach to evaluate scenarios of shell gasification to produce 1 metric tonne of hot-mixed *** scope covers raw material supply and transportation,palm kernel shell gasification,and *** evaluation concludes that gasification could potentially reduce CO_(2) *** impact analysis and interpretation of the results using the openLCA database of Traci 2.1 recommend that greater CO_(2) emis-sion reduction is possible using palm kernel shell gasification,not only for supplying heat but also for electricity generation to operate all electrical equipments.

关键词： Global warming Gasification palm kernel shell Life cycle analysis Hot-mixed asphalt

Formation mechanism and application potential of carbon dots synthesized from palm kernel shell via microwave assisted method

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第2期5卷 150-166页

作者： Thivyah Balakrishnan Wei Lun Ang Ebrahim Mahmoudi Abdul Wahab Mohammad Nonni Soraya Sambudi Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering&Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering&Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610 Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia

The present study systematically investigated the influence of synthesis conditions(duration,reaction medium,and doping concentration)and formation mechanism of carbon dots(CDs)derived from low-cost and abundant biomass palm kernel shell(PKS).Surprisingly,the dopant(urea)did not enhance the photoluminescence of CDs as expected,which could be attributed to the low reactivity between the dopant and PKS *** of synthesis duration from 30 to 120 s clearly indicated the formation mechanism of CDs,involving the stages of dehydration,carbonization,and *** CDs with the highest photoluminescent intensity and quantum yield was obtained at synthesis duration of 90 s,aligned well with the perfect spherical shape of CDs and the synergistic effects of both surface and carbogenic core *** the formation mechanism could be used to optimize the synthesis of CDs,and hence linked to quantum yield and fluorescent *** terms of application potential,the CDs illuminated well as fluorescent ink and in bacteria cells *** potential of CDs as sensing material has also been proven with the quenching of fluorescence in the presence of metal *** linear range for detection of Cu2+ions was 0.1–0.5 mM with a detection limit as low as 0.05 *** signifies the potential of CDs fabricated from PKS as a low-cost and easily available material for Cu2+ions detection in aqueous *** CDs possessed reasonable photo stability as indicated by its consistent fluorescence level even after exposure to UV radiation for a prolonged period of 180 ***,a simple,straightforward,and fast method is developed to synthesis strong blue emissive CDs from green PKS that are potentially suitable for Cu2+ions sensing in real application.

关键词： Carbon dots Microwave radiation palm kernel shell Cell imaging Metal ions detection

Analysis of Lateritic Soil Reinforced with palm kernel shells for Use as a Sub-Base Layer for Low-Traffic Roads

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第5期18卷 1469-1482页

作者： Joel Koti Crespin P.Yabi Mohamed Gibigaye Anne Millien Christophe Petit LEMA University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin GC2D University of Limoges17 Bd Jacques DercheEgletonsFrance National University of Sciences TechnologiesEngineering and MathematicsAbomeyBenin

In tropical areas,palm oil production generates significant amounts of waste,including palm kernel *** use of this waste in the civil engineering sector,presents a very challenging *** the present study,the production of lateritic soil(A-2 in GTR classification and A-7-6(9)in HRB classification)reinforced with palm kernel shells is *** order to improve their performances,these materials are mixed using the Fuller’s parabolic ***,experimental tests are used to characterize the physical and mechanical geotechnical properties of the lateritic *** characterizing the matrix(i.e.,lateritic soil)and the inclusions(i.e.,palm kernel shells)in their natural state,it is found that Avrankou’s lateritic soil has a high level of fine particles(56.6%),high plasticity(PI=21%)and low lift(ICBR=17%);which makes it unusable in the pavement *** also prove that the mixture composed of 39%of lateritic soil volume and 61%of PKS with a CBR index equals to 30 and the mixture composed of 45%of lateritic soil,40%PKS and 15%of lagoon sand with a CBR index equals to 41 can be used as sub-base layer for roads for low and medium traffic,respectively.

关键词： palm kernel shell lateritic soil subbase layer low-traffic roads

Size Variation of palm kernel shells as Replacement of Coarse Aggregate for Lightweight Concrete Production

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2021年第1期11卷 153-165页

作者： Humphrey Danso Frank Appiah-Agyei Department of Construction and Wood Technology Education Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Kumasi Ghana

The utilization of palm kernel shells (PKS) as an alternative to conventional materials for construction is desirable to promote sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of lightweight concrete produced with different sizes of PKS of 6, 8, 10, 12 mm and mix (consisting of 25% each of the four sizes). RPK sizes were used to replace coarse aggregate in the concrete and cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The tests performed on the concrete are dry density, compressive strength, flexural strength, EDS and SEM. It was revealed that the densities of the concrete specimens were all less than 2000 kg/m3, which implies that the PKS concrete satisfied the requirement of lightweight concrete for structural application. The compressive strength of the 12 mm PKS concrete specimens at 28-day of curing was 10.2 MPa which was 4% to 15.9% better than the other PKS sizes concrete. The flexural strength of the 12 mm PKS concrete specimens at 28-day of curing was 2.85 MPa which was also 3.2% to 57.07% better than the other PKS sizes concrete. It was also revealed by the SEM analysis that there was a good bond between the palm kernel shells and the mortar. A high calcium-silicate content was found in the concrete which resulted in a Ca/Si ratio of 1.26 and Al/Si ratio of 0.11. The study therefore concludes that size variations of PKS as replacement of coarse aggregate have an influence on the properties of the lightweight concrete and recommends 12 mm PKS for use by construction practitioners for lightweight concrete structural application.

关键词： Compressive Strength Dry Density Flexural Strength Lightweight Concrete palm kernel shell