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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists:Exploring the mechanisms from glycemic control to treatment of multisystemic diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第36期30卷 4036-4043页

作者： Mo-Wei Kong Yang Yu Ying Wan Yu Gao Chun-Xiang Zhang Department of Cardiology Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina School of Basic Medical Sciences Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000Hebei ProvinceChina Department of Cardiology The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cardiovascular ResearchBasic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic DiseasesMinistry of EducationNucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key LaboratorySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina

This editorial takes a deeper look at the insights provided by Soresi and Giannitrapani,which examined the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver *** provide supplementary insights to their research,highlighting the broader systemic implications of GLP-1RAs,synthesizing the current understanding of their mechanisms and the trajectory of research in this ***-1RAs are revolutionizing the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and *** glycemic control,GLP-1RAs demonstrate cardiovascular and renal protective effects,offering potential in managing diabetic kidney disease alongside renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system *** role in bone metabolism hints at benefits for diabetic osteoporosis,while the neuroprotective properties of GLP-1RAs show promise in Alzheimer's disease treatment by modulating neuronal insulin ***,they improve hormonal and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary *** editorial highlights the multifaceted mechanisms of GLP-1RAs,emphasizing the need for ongoing research to fully realize their therapeutic potential across a range of multisystemic diseases.

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Glycemic control Multisystem diseases mechanism of action Cardiovascular protection Renal disease Bone metabolism Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Neuroprotection Polycystic ovary syndrome

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Application and mechanisms of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第4期12卷 688-699页

作者： Ya-Kuan Wang Huang Lin Shu-Rui Wang Ru-Tao Bian Yang Tong Wen-Tao Zhang Ying-Lin Cui Department of Encephalopathy The Second Clinical College of Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhou 450000Henan ProvinceChina Department of Encephalopathy Henan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineZhengzhou 450000Henan ProvinceChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classics Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine)Zhengzhou 450000Henan ProvinceChina Department of Central Laboratory Zhengzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalZhengzhou 450000Henan ProvinceChina Department of Encephalopathy Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine)Zhengzhou 450000Henan ProvinceChina Famous Doctor Hall Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine)Zhengzhou 450000Henan ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently ***,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage to ischemic tissues or the nervous system.,and has accordingly been a focus of extensive clinical *** a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation,Sanhua Decoction has gradually gained importance in the treatment of cerebrovascular *** main constituents include Citrus aurantium,Magnolia officinalis,rhubarb,and Qiangwu,which are primarily used to regulate *** the treatment of neurological diseases,the therapeutic effects of the Sanhua Decoction are mediated via different pathways,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and neurotransmitter regu-latory pathways,as well as through the protection of nerve cells and a reduction in cerebral *** the studies conducted to date,many have found that the application of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of neurological diseases has clear therapeutic *** addition,as a natural treatment,the Sanhua Decoction has received widespread attention,given that it is safer and more effective than traditional Western ***,research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of the Sanhua Decoctions in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is of considerable *** this paper,we describe the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and review the current status of its treatment to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Sanhua *** hope that the findings of the research presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of this formulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and provide a scientific basis for its application in clinical practice.

关键词： Sanhua Decoction Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mechanism of action Application progress Traditional Chinese medical science Review

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Study on the Therapeutic Effects and mechanisms of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Carrying NGF Gene in Treating Ischemic Stroke in Rats

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2024年第4期8卷 41-47页

作者： Bingqian Li Xuanxuan Xu Wenqin Zhou Peng Wang Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hMSCs-Exo)carrying the NGF gene in treating ischemic stroke in rats,aiming to provide new insights and treatment methods for ischemic stroke ***:After successful construction of the cerebral ischemia model in 40 male SPF-grade SD rats aged 6-8 weeks,the model rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:Sham group,PBS group,hMSCs-Exo group,and NGF-hMSCs-Exo group,with 10 rats in each *** rat MCAO model was prepared using the classic filament method,and NGF-hMSCs-Exo were injected via the tail vein into the MCAO model *** expression of the NGF gene in brain ischemic tissues,neuronal regeneration,and rat neurological function recovery were observed using TTC staining,memory function evaluation,Western blot,qRT-PCR,and other ***:Compared with the Sham group,neurological deficits were significant in the PBS group(P<0.01).Compared with the PBS group,neurological scores improved in the hMSCs-Exo group and NGF-hMSCs-Exo group(P<0.05).Compared with the hMSCs-Exo group,the improvement in neurological deficits was more significant in the NGF-hMSCs-Exo group(P<0.05).The infarct area after NGF-hMSCs-Exo intervention was significantly reduced(P<0.05)compared with the Sham *** with the PBS group,relative expression levels of NGF mRNA and protein decreased,while Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression significantly increased in the PBS group(P<0.01).Compared with the PBS group and hMSCs-Exo group,there were differences in NGF and Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression in the NGF-hMSCs-Exo group rat brain tissues(P<0.05).Conclusion:Treatment with human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes carrying the NGF gene improves cognitive function and exerts protective effects on SD rats while inhibiting apoptotic levels in cells.

关键词： NGF gene Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes Ischemic stroke in rats mechanism of action

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Research Progress on the Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect and mechanism of Tetramethylpyrazine

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第6期8卷 94-99页

作者： Shengyang Gong Zheng Cao Department of Cardiology Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000Hubei ProvinceChina

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease and the most common pathological change of cardiovascular *** pathogenesis is closely related to inflammation,oxidative stress,lipid accumulation,and *** plays an anti-atherosclerotic role by regulating lipid metabolism,inhibiting foam cell formation,alleviating inflammation,inhibiting vascular calcification and abnormal platelet activation,and has a cardiovascular protective ***,this paper summarized the research progress of the anti-atherosclerosis effect and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Chinese medicine Tetramethylpyrazine mechanism of action Research progress

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Application of Enzyme Inhibition Therapy in the Management/Treatment of Neurological Conditions, Diseases, and Disorders

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第4期8卷 264-283页

作者： Kirubanandan Shanmugam Independent Research Professional ChennaiIndia

Enzyme inhibition therapy uses specific molecules to inhibit enzyme activity, targeting disease-related enzymes in medical treatments like cancer treatment and infectious disease management. Different types of inhibitors, competitive and non-competitive, bind to different sites and alter enzyme function. The success of this therapy depends on the inhibitor’s specificity and delivery to the target site. Further research could lead to more effective treatments. Nowadays, the majority of medications are enzyme inhibitors and are in the clinical or pre-clinical stages of drug development. Enzyme inhibitors are often prescribed medications for a variety of illnesses, including neurological problems. There is only symptomatic therapy available for many neurological conditions, particularly neuro-degenerative disorders, as opposed to therapy based on knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of these diseases. Enzyme inhibitors are useful as they block the function of certain enzymes whose aberrant activity could be contributing to the illness. They also alleviate the symptoms and stop the disease’s progression. This review discusses the mechanism of action of several enzyme inhibitors that have been prescribed as medications for neurological illnesses as well as some that are still in research stages.

关键词： Enzyme inhibitors Neurology mechanism of action Enzymes

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Research Progress on Modern Biological mechanism of Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Gouty Nephropathy

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Medicinal Plant 2024年第4期15卷 129-132页

作者： Feifan LIU Shifang LUO Yan WAN Linao ZHANG Xue WU Yuhuan XIE Peixin GUO College of Ethnic Medicine Yunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunming 650500China College of Chinese Medicine Yunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunming 650500China College of Basic Medicine Yunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunming 650500China

Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of gouty nephropathy often uses single drugs and compound formulae to regulate uric acid,which has the effect of lowering uric acid,protecting the kidneys and improving clinical *** conclusion,the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine against gouty nephropathy mainly involves oxidative stress,inflammatory response,etc.,with a view to providing new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of gouty nephropathy by Chinese medicine.

关键词： Chinese medicine Gouty nephropathy mechanism of action Research progress

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Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the action mechanism of Moxibustion

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Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2012年第3期10卷 174-180页

作者：洪珏张翠红马晓芃 Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian

To organize the researches on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and the reports of moxibustion for IBD in recent years, for summarizing the current status of the pathogenesis study on IBD and the mechanism research on moxibustion for IBD, and giving suggestion to the further study on the action of moxibustion in managing this disease.

关键词： Moxibustion Therapy Inflammatory Bowel Disease Colitis, Ulcerative Crohn Disease mechanism of action

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Apigenin's anticancer properties and molecular mechanisms of action： Recent advances and future prospectives

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第5期15卷 321-329页

作者： Jumah Masoud Mohammad SALMANI ZHANG Xiao-Ping Joe Antony JACOB CHEN Bao-An Department of Hematology and Oncology Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University

Cancer is a major health concern and leading burden on economy worldwide. An increasing effort is devoted to isolation and development of plant-derived dietary components as effective chemo-preventive products. Phytochemical compounds from natural resources such as fruits and vegetables are responsible for decreasing the risk of certain cancers among the consuming populations. Apigenin, a flavonoid phytochemical found in many kinds of fruits and vegetables, has been shown to exert significant biological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and most particularly anti-neoplastic properties. This review is intended to summarize the most recent advances in the anti-proliferative and chemo-preventive effects of apigenin in different cancer models. Analysis of the data from the studied cancer models has revealed that apigenin exerts its anti-proliferative effects through multiple and complex pathways. This guided us to discover some controversial results about the exact role of certain molecular pathways such as autophagy in the anticancer effects of apigenin. Further, there were cumulative positive evidences supporting the involvement of certain pathways such as apoptosis, ROS and DNA damage and repair. Apigenin possesses a high potential to be used as a chemosensitizing agent through the up-regulation of DR5 pathway. According to these preclinical findings we recommend that further robust unbiased studies should consider the possible interactions between different molecular pathways.

关键词： Apigenin Anticancer Flavonoid mechanism of action

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mechanisms of the Anticancer action of Ganoderma lucidum （Leyss. ex Fr.） Karst.： A New Understanding

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第2期47卷 129-135页

作者： Gao-QiangLIU Ke-ChangZHANG KeyLaboratoryofIndustrialBiotechnology MinistryofEducationSouthernYangtzeUniversityWuxi214036China KeyLaboratoryofIndustrialBiotechnology MinistryofEducationSouthernYangtzeUniversityWuxi214036China

Abstract: Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a medicinal fungus called “Lingzhi” in China, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in China for the prevention and treatment of various types of diseases, such as cancer, hepatopathy, arthritis, hypertension, neurasthenia, and chronic hepatitis. It is clear that the anticancer activity of G. lucidum is mainly due to polysaccharides and/or triterpenoids of the fungus. However, until now, the mechanism of the anticancer action of G. lucidum has not been well understood and, previously, the activation of the immune response of the host was widely considered to be the only mechanism by which G. lucidum prevented and/or treated cancer. However, recent studies reviewed in the present paper have shown that the potential mechanisms of anticancer action include not only the activation of the immune response of the host, but also the induction of cell differentiation, the induction of Phase II-metabolizing enzymes, the inhibition of angiogenesis, and the inhibition of the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor in cancer cells. To further elucidate the mechanisms of action of G. lucidum, more in vivo tests and randomized controlled clinical trials should be carried out, and the molecular mechanisms should be studied intensively. Additionally, whether the anticancer compounds in G. lucidum act synergistically or independently should be further studied.

关键词： anticancer activity Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. mechanism of action medicinal plant polysaccharides triterpenoids

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Discovery of cryptolepine derivatives as novel promising agents against phytopathogenic bacteria

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 156-166页

作者： Ying-Hui He Qing-Ru Chu Shao-Yong Zhang Li-Rong Guo Yue Ma Bao-Qi Zhang Zhi-Jun Zhang Wen-Bin Zhao Yong-Mei Hu Chen-Jie Yang Sha-Sha Du Tian-Lin Wu Ying-Qian Liu Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province College of Life ScienceHuzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China School of Pharmacy Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

To ensure the production of food crops,a series of cryptolepine derivatives were synthesised,after which their antibacterial activities and mechanism of action against three plant pathogens were *** bioassay results indicated that most of the target compounds displayed potent inhibitory effects against Xanthomonas oryzae(***)and Xanthomonas axonopodis ***(*** pv.c.).Remarkably,compound 9 exhibited the best in vitro antibacterial activity against ***,with a minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)value of 0.78μg·mL^(-1).Compound 2 exhibited the best in vitro antibacterial activity against *** pv.c.,with an MIC value of 0.39μg·mL^(-1).These activities were superior to those of copper quinolate(MIC=6.25,25μg·mL^(-1))and thiodiazole copper(MIC=100,200μg·mL^(-1))against *** and *** *** vivo experiments demonstrated the promising applicability of compound 9 for the control of rice bacterial ***,compound 9 was selected as a candidate to conduct preliminary analyses of the antibacterial mechanisms of cryptolepine *** electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations,extracellular polysaccharide production,biofilm formation,transcriptomic,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses,and molecular docking assays were ***,our findings demonstrated that compound 9 might act via multifarious mechanisms to down-regulate virulence factors and cause cell death.

关键词： cryptolepine derivatives phytopathogenic bacteria antibacterial activity mechanism of action

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