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Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第6期19卷 1656-1670页

作者： Bongekile NGOBESE Oliver Tendayi ZISHIRI Mohamed Ezzat EL ZOWALATY Discipline of Genetics School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa Zoonosis Science Center Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala UniversityUppsala SE-75185Sweden Infectious Diseases and Anti-Infective Therapy Research Group College of Pharmacy and Sharjah Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272UAE

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries *** jejuni is responsible for the majority of infectio *** study was con ducted to identify virule nceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa.A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50),chickens(n=50),goats(n=50),sheep(n=50)and pigs(n=50)were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October *** samples were an a lyzed for the presence of virule nee genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based *** was found that 77 and 23%of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock *** were positive significant(Plivestock species on the presenee or absenee of virule nee gen *** study dem on strated that most of livestock species can pote ntially cause zoonotic infecti on s and food pois oning due to the high prevale nee of *** high prevale nee of virule nee genes highlights the sign ifica nee of Campylobacter\r\livestock production systems in South *** requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.

关键词： Campylobacter zoonotic cytotoxicity pathogenicity virulenee campylobacteriosis foodbome livestock PCR one-health

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Recovery Status and livestock Use of a Kenyan Montane Forest a Decade after Cessation of Human Encroachment

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第5期13卷 291-319页

作者： Nereoh C. Leley David K. Langat Abdalla K. Kisiwa Beatah Nzove Elias K. Maranga Wilfred O. Odadi Christine C. Koskey Kenya Forestry Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Faculty of Environment and Resources Development Egerton University Njoro Campus Kenya Netherlands Development Organisation (SNV) Nairobi Kenya The Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH) Kericho Kenya

Montane forest ecosystems support biodiversity and provide varied ecosystem services to adjacent and downstream human communities. However, human-induced disturbances are common in many of these ecosystems, threatening their capacity to sustain their functions. This study assessed the status of woody vegetation and livestock use of a Kenyan montane forest 10 years after government-sanctioned cessation of human encroachment. The findings can inform suitable interventions that support recovery of abandoned forest settlements subjected to continuous anthropogenic disturbances. Selected woody vegetation attributes and livestock disturbance indicators were assessed across three human-driven disturbance regimes (light, moderate and heavy) using stratified-systematic sampling technique. Data on the extent of community dependence on forest grazing were collected from 381 randomly selected forest adjacent households using semi-structured questionnaires. Information on the palatability of plants to livestock was obtained from Focus Group Discussions. Vegetation data were analyzed using linear mixed models, while descriptive analysis was applied on household survey data. A total of 33 woody plant species belonging to 22 families were identified, out of which 55% were perceived to be unpalatable to livestock. Species richness, species diversity, stem density and basal areas declined significantly with increasing levels of disturbance. Specifically, these attributes were 59% - 98% lower in heavily disturbed sites than in moderately and lightly disturbed sites. A vast majority (88%) of the sampled households grazed their livestock in the forest throughout the year. Evidence from this study indicates that intense past and ongoing anthropogenic disturbances caused significant negative effects on the forest vegetation condition, and lowered its capacity to recover. Forest managers should prioritize minimizing recurrent anthropogenic disturbances as the forest recovers to ensure succ

关键词： Disturbance Forest Recovery livestock Mau Forest Forest Grazing Forest Structure and Composition

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Bacteriome in Ticks Collected from Domestic livestock in Kenya

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第2期12卷 67-82页

作者： Beth Mutai Kariuki Njaanake Kimita Gathii Benson B. Estambale John N. Waitumbi US Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa/Kenya Medical Research Institute Kisumu Kenya Department of Medical Microbiology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya

Background: Metagenomics approaches are increasingly being utilized as “dipstick” for microbial carriage. In this study, 16S rRNA metagenomics was used to probe for microbial community that resides in the ticks, those they pick from the environment, wildlife and livestock and to identify potential tick borne zoonoses. Methods: Tick DNA from 463 tick pools collected from domestic animals between 2007 and 2008 were amplified with primers that target the 16S rRNA V3-V4 domain and then sequenced on Illumina Miseq platform using 300 cycles version 3 kits. Ticks were pooled according to species and animal from which they were collected. A non-target control was used to track laboratory contaminants. Sequence data were analyzed using Mothur v1.3 pipeline and R v3.3.1 software and taxonomy determined using SILVA rRNA database. Shannon diversity index was used to compute bacterial diversity in each tick species before computing the means. Results: A total of 645 bacteria genera grouped into 27 phyla were identified. Four phyla contributed 97.4% of the 36,973,934 total sequences. Proteobacteria contributed 61.2% of these sequences that tarried to 33.8% genera, compared to 15.9% (23.4% genera) for Firmicutes, 15.6% (20% genera) for Actinobacteria and 4.7% (11.6% genera) for Bacteroidetes. The remaining 23 phyla only contributed 2.6% of the sequence reads (11.2% genera). Amongst the 645 genera, three groups were discernible, with the biggest group comprised commensals/symbionts that contributed 93.6% of the genera, but their individual sequence contribution was very low. Group two comprised genera that are known to contain pathogenic species, with Coxiella contributing 15,445,204 (41.8%) sequences, Corynebacterium (13.6%), Acinetobacter (4.3%), Staphylococcus (3.9%), Bacillus (2.7%) and Porphyromonas (1.6%), Ralstonia (1.5%), Streptococcus (1.3%), Moraxella (1.3%), amongst others. Group three comprised genera known to contain tick borne zoonotic pathogens (TBZ): Rickettsiae, An

关键词： livestock Ticks Bacteriome Tick-Borne Zoonoses 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing

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Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in livestock

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第1期13卷 1-29页

作者： Dharmendra Kumar Thirumala R Talluri Naresh L Selokar Iqbal Hyder Wilfried A Ku Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division ICARCentral Institute for Research on BuffaloesHisar 125001India Equine Production Campus ICAR-National Research Centre on EquinesBikaner 334001India Department of Physiology NTR College of Veterinary ScienceGannavaram 521102India Department of Biotechnology Friedrich-Loeffler-InstituteFederal Institute of Animal HealthNeustadt 31535Germany

The recent progress in derivation of pluripotent stem cells(PSCs)from farm animals opens new approaches not only for reproduction,genetic engineering,treatment and conservation of these species,but also for screening novel drugs for their efficacy and toxicity,and modelling of human *** attempts to derive PSCs from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stages in farm animals were largely unsuccessful as either the cells survived for only a few passages,or lost their cellular potency;indicating that the protocols which allowed the derivation of murine or human embryonic stem(ES)cells were not sufficient to support the maintenance of ES cells from farm *** scenario changed by the innovation of induced pluripotency and by the development of the 3 inhibitor culture conditions to support naïve pluripotency in ES cells from livestock ***,the long-term culture of livestock PSCs while maintaining the full pluripotency is still challenging,and requires further ***,we review the current achievements in the derivation of PSCs from farm animals,and discuss the potential application areas.

关键词： livestock Cellular reprogramming Chimera Cell-therapy Ontogenesis Pluripotency

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Methane emissions from livestock in East Asia during 1961−2019

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2021年第1期7卷 147-158页

作者： Lei Zhang Hanqin Tian Hao Shi Shufen Pan Xiaoyu Qin Naiqing Pan Shree R.S.Dangal State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina International Center for Climate and Global Change Research School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA School of Natural Resources University of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA

Context:East Asia is a crucial region in the global methane(CH4)budget,with significant contributions from the livestock ***,the long-term trend and spatial pattern of CH4 emissions from livestock in this region have not been fully ***:Here,we estimate CH4 emissions from 10 categories of livestock in East Asia during 1961-2019 following the Tier 2 approaches suggested by the 2019 Refinement to the IPCC 2006 ***:livestock-sourced CH4 emission in 2019 was 13.22[11.42-15.01](mean[minimum%maximum of 95-confidence interval]Tg CH4 yr-1,accounting for an increase of 231%since *** contribution of slaughtered populations to total emissions increased from 3%in 1961 to 24%in ***,the emission hotspots were mostly distributed in eastern China,South Korea,and parts of Japan,but they tend to shift northward after ***:It is necessary to use dynamic emission factors and include slaughtered populations in the estimation of livestock CH4 *** including Northern China,Mongolia,and South Korea deserve more attention in future CH4 mitigation efforts.

关键词： CH4 emissions livestock dynamic emission factors live and slaughtered populations East Asia

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Econometric analysis of the impacts of climate change on the livestock production in Qinghai Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2013年第4期11卷 299-307页

作者： Yanfei Li Xinsheng Wang Zhihui Li Fang Yin Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science Hubei University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study aims to investigate the effect of the impact mechanism of climate change on the livestock production at small watershed level and county level with the Multi-level Model(MLM)in Qinghai *** result indicated that the gross livestock output value was greatly influenced by the climatic factors of the small watershed *** temperature promoted also by the increase of precipitation,relative humidity and sunshine duration was found to be beneficial to the development of livestock production,except in some areas where temperature rise restrained the development of local livestock production to some degree when exceeding a certain level;besides,the impact of the socioeconomic factors on the livestock output value is obvious at the county *** gross economic output measured with GDP has some inhibitory effects on the reinvestment of livestock production,while population growth promotes development of livestock production to some *** results not only provide scientific basis for the management of livestock production in Qinghai Province,but also provide reference for formulating the policies and adaptation measures targeted at climate change to promote the sustainable development of livestock production in other regions.

关键词： climate change livestock production Multi-level Model Qinghai Province

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Environmental responsibilities of livestock feeding using trace mineral supplements

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 113-118页

作者： Daniel Brugger Wilhelm M. Windisch Chair of Animal Nutrition TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich (TUM)

Trace elements are essential dietary components for livestock species. However, they also exhibit a strong toxic potential. Therefore, their fluxes through the animal organism are tightly regulated by a complex molecular machinery that controls the rate of absorption from the gut lumen as well as the amount of excretion via faeces, urine and products(e.g., milk) in order to maintain an internal equilibrium. When supplemented in doses above the gross requirement trace elements accumulate in urine and faeces and, hence, manure. Thereby, trace element emissions represent a potential threat to the environment. This fact is of particular importance in regard to the widely distributed feeding practice of pharmacological zinc and copper doses for the purpose of performance enhancement. Adverse environmental effects have been described, like impairment of plant production, accumulation in edible animal products and the water supply chain as well as the correlation between increased trace element loads and antimicrobial resistance. In the light of discussions about reducing the allowed upper limits for trace element loads in feed and manure from livestock production in the European Union excessive dosing needs to be critically reconsidered. Moreover, the precision in trace element feeding has to be increased in order to avoid unnecessary supplementation and, thereby, heavy metal emissions from livestock production.

关键词： Trace element livestock Homeostasis Pharmacological supplementation Accumulation Environment

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Reflections on the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第2期7卷 211-217页

作者： Ziyao FAN Tianwen WU Kui WU Yulian MU Kui LI State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

The rapid development of biotechnology has provided a greater understanding of the biological functions of major candidate genes that have important functions regarding economic traits,and new materials for livestock breeding have been obtained through gene editing(GE)and embryo manipulation with the purpose of improving quality and output and reducing the costs and risk of *** concerns,particularly over safety risks and production performance,must be *** is the most important component of the regulation of gene-edited livestock and is a crucial guarantee of public safety before the marketing of geneedited animal ***,the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock is discussed in terms of public safety and production *** search for safe and ethical applications in the GE of livestock,a case-by-case evaluation strategy,and classification and simplification are used in order to promote a more efficient,objective,comprehensive and operable evaluation system.

关键词： evaluation gene editing livestock performance safety

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Some challenges in progressive control of livestock originated zoonotic diseases in Pakistan-a pilot survey

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第10期4卷 821-824页

作者： Furqan Awan Muhammad Muddassir Ali Umair Iqbal Irfan Khattak Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore-54000Pakistan Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore-54000Pakistan Artificial Insemination Section Dairy and Rural Development FoundationDairy Project PMU Office 6/B-3Gulberg ⅢLahore-54000Pakistan

Objective:To document the recent livestock related practices and possible unhygienic ways of pathogen *** of the potential risk factors for the spread of infection is important to design an evidence-based disease control ***:Rapid assessment method was adopted and a purposive sample of 60 dairy farmers were *** following factors were noted for contributing in primary and secondary transmission of zoonotic infections:(i) persons who come in close contact with animals and their secretions,(ii) management strategies of farm animals(sheds and environment),(iii) management practices adopted at farms,(iv) small scale farmers and rural livestock production systems,(v)milk collection ***:This research unveiled the certain routes of zoonotic disease *** management practices,precautionary measures and strategies were the pivotal risk ***:The study emphasizes the need to educate the poor livestock keepers.

关键词： Zoonosis Risk assessment livestock Emerging infections

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Adaptation to climate change in desertified lands of the marginal regions in Egypt through sustainable crop and livestock diversification systems

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2015年第1期7卷 16-22页

作者： Hassan M.El Shaer Desert Research Center MatariaCairoEgypt

Environmental degradation resulting from current climate changes, including prolonged drought, land degradation, desertification, and loss of biodiversity, is presenting enormous challenges to achieve food security and eradication of poverty in the marginal regions （about 90% of the total area） of Egypt. In addition to the natural constraints of high temperature, wind erosion, sand dune movement, and recurrent drought, such regions are subjected to improper land and water management. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge, technologies, and experiences to match with the current severe climatic changes. There is a great need for establishing sustainable integrated ecosystem rehabilitation and management programs to overcome such problems in the marginal areas, particularly in the Sinai Peninsula due to its strategic and social importance. A series of research and development programs have been conducted in 2006 to im- prove the livelihoods of smallholders through enhancing the efficient management and utilization of local resources that can cope with the drastic changes of climate in the Sinai Peninsula. An integrated livestock/salt-tolerant fodder crop system was introduced, in 2010 by the project teamwork of Desert Research center, Egypt, to many smallholders in the South Sinai region, where studies were conducted at both the general research and individual farmer levels. The most important results were：（1） adoption of the most salt-tolerant genotypes of three forage crops： pearl millet （Pennisetum glaucum L.）, sorghum （Sorghum bicolor）, and Sudan grass （Sorghum sudanense （Piper） Stapf.）; two cereal crops （triticale and barley）; and two oil crops： safflower （Carthamus tinctorius） and Brassica （Mustard）. Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L. and Medicago arborium）, cowpeas （Vigna sinensis L.）, fodder beets （Beta vulgaris L.）, clumping desert bunchgrass （Panicum turgedum）, ryegrass （Lolium perenne） Ray grass, forage shrubs （Kochia indica, Atriplex num- mularia, Sesbania sesba

关键词： brackish water salinity fodder crops livestock animal production irrigation Egypt

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