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In vitro antileishmanial effects of Physalis angulata root extract on leishmania infantum

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第6期16卷 404-410页

作者： Bruno Jose Martins Da Silva Sandro Wilson Gomes Pereira Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues Jose Luiz Martins Do Nascimento Edilene Oliveira Silva Laboratory of Structural Biology Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of PardBelemPard 66075-110Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging(INCT-INBEB) Rio de Janeiro 21941-901Brazil Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Department of Health SurveillanceMinistry of HealthEvandro Chagas InstituteBelemPard 66087-082Brazil Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of PardBelemPard 66075-110Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation(INCT-NIM) Rio de Janeiro 21040-360Brazil

Objective： In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the aqueous extract of Physalis angulata root （AEPa） on leishmania infanturn proliferation, morphology, and the driving mechanism in leishmanicidal activity and modulatory action on macrophages. Methods： I., infantum promastigotes were treated with 50 and 100 μg/mL AEPa for 72 h and then antipro- mastigote assay was performed by counts in a Newbauer chamber, morphological changes were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and the mechanism of the leishmanicidal activity was detected. In addition, macrophages were infected with L. infantum and were used to evaluate anti-amastigote activity of AEPa and effects of AEPa on cytokine secretion after 72-hour treatment. Results： Treatment with AEPa reduced the numbers ofL infantum promastigotes （50% inhibitory concen- tration （ICso） = 65.9μg/mL; selectivity index （SI）= 22.1） and amastigotes （ICso = 37.9 μg/mL; SI = 38.5） compared with the untreated control. Amphotericin B reduced 100% of the promastigote numbers after 72 h of treatment （IC50 = 0.2μg/mL）. AEPa induced several morphological changes and increased the production of reactive oxygen species and apoptotic death in promastigotes after treating for 72 h. AEPa （100 μg/mL） promoted tumor necrosis factor-α secretion in macrophages infected with L. infantum after 72 h of treatment, but did not induce an increase in this cytokine in noninfected macrophages. In addition, AEPa showed no cytotoxic effect on J774-A1 cells （50% cytotoxic concentration 〉1000μg/mL）. Conclusion： AEPa presented antileishmanial activity against the promastigotes and amastigotes of I.. infantum without macrophage cytotoxicity; these results show that natural products such as P. angulata have leishmanicidal potential and in the future may be an alternative treatment for leishmaniasis.

关键词： Leishmanicidal activity leishmania infantum Reactive oxygen species Apoptosis Physalis angulata

Genetic polymorphism in leishmania infantum isolates from human and animals determined by nagt PCR-RFLP

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 523-530页

作者： Adil El Hamouchi Sofia El Kacem Rajaa Ejghal Meryem Lemrani Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases Institut Pasteur du MarocCasablancaMorocco

Background:leishmania infantum is the causative agent of human visceral leishmaniasis(VL)and sporadic human cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in the Mediterranean *** genetic variation of the leishmania parasites may result in different phenotypes that can be associated with the geographical distribution and diversity of the clinical *** main objective of this study was to explore the genetic polymorphism in *** isolates from human and animal hosts in different regions of ***:The intraspecific genetic variability of 40 Moroccan *** MON-1 strains isolated from patients with VL(n=31)and CL(n=2)and from dogs(n=7)was evaluated by PCR-RFLP of nagt,a single-copy gene encoding N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate *** a more complete analysis of *** polymorphism,we included the restriction patterns of nagt from 17 strains available in the literature and patterns determined by in-silico digestion of three sequences from the GenBank ***:Moroccan *** strains presented a certain level of genetic diversity and six distinct nagt-RFLP genotypes were *** of the six genotypes were exclusively identified in the Moroccan population of ***:variant M1(15%),variant M2(7.5%),and variant M3(2.5%).The most common genotype(65%),variant 2(2.5%),and variant 4(7.5%),were previously described in several countries with endemic *** analysis segregated our *** population into two distinct clusters,whereas variant M2 was clearly distinguished from both cluster I and cluster *** distribution highlights the degree of genetic variability among the Moroccan *** ***:The nagt PCR-RFLP method presented here showed an important genetic heterogeneity among Moroccan *** strains isolated from human and canine reservoirs with 6 genotypes *** of the six Moroccan nagt genotypes,have not been previously described and support the particular gen

关键词： leishmania infantum Genetic variability N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase PCR-RFLP Morocco

Phlebotomine sand flies(Diptera:Psychodidae)transmitting visceral leishmaniasis and their geographical distribution in China:a review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 126-138页

作者： Li-Ren Guan Zheng-Bin Zhou Chang-Fa Jin Qing Fu Jun-Jie Chai National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry Of Health/WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesShanghai 200025China Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830002China

After the existence of phlebotomine sand flies was first reported in China in 1910,the distribution of different species and their role in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis(VL)have been extensively *** until 2008,four species have been verified as vectors of VL,namely,Phlebotomus chinensis(***),***(*** longiductus),***(*** wui),and *** sand fly species vary greatly depending on the natural environments in the different geographic areas where they are *** is euryecious and adaptable to different ecologies,and is thus distributed widely in the plain,mountainous,and Loess Plateau regions north of the Yangtze *** is mainly distributed in ancient oasis areas south of *** in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous *** is the predominant species in deserts with Populus diversifolia and Tamarix vegetation in Xinjiang and the western part of the Inner Mongolia autonomous ***,*** is steroecious and found only in stony desert areas,such as at the foot of the mountains in Xinjiang and the western Hexi Corridor,in Gansu *** review summarized the relationship between the geographic distribution pattern of the four sand fly species and their geographical landscape in order to foster research on disease distribution and sand fly control ***,some problems that remained to be solved about vectors of VL in China were discussed.

关键词： Phlebotomus Sand fly Geographical distribution Vector Visceral leishmaniasis leishmania donovani leishmania infantum Ph.chinensis Ph.longiductus Ph.wui Ph.alexandri Ph.mongolensis

Concomitant visceral and localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in two Moroccan infants

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 330-334页

作者： Tarik Mouttaki Hasnaa Maksouri Jilali El Mabrouki Gema Merino-Espinosa Hassan Fellah Mohamed Itri Joaquina Martin-Sanchez Maha Soussi-Abdallaoui Soumiya Chiheb Myriam Riyad Centre of Doctoral Studies on Health Sciences(CED.des Sciences de la Sante) Doctoral School of ImmunopathologyFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyHassan II University of CasablancaCasablancaMorocco Research Team on Immunopathology of Infectious and Systemic Diseases Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyHassan II University of CasablancaCasablancaMorocco Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology University Hospital Ibn Rochd of CasablancaCasablancaMorocco Department of Parasitology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain Children’s Hospital University Hospital Ibn Rochd of CasablancaCasablancaMorocco Laboratory of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyHassan II University of Casablanca19 rue Tarik Ibn ZiadBP.9154 CasablancaMorocco Department of Dermatology University Hospital Ibn Rochd of CasablancaCasablancaMorocco

Background:leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases caused by the protozoa of the leishmania *** clinical spectrum of these diseases extends from benign dermal lesions to visceral *** the Mediterranean region,zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL)is caused by *** untreated within two years,the disease usually leads to *** Morocco,ZVL is endemic in the north,with a hundred cases notified each year,mostly in children aged below five ***,we report on two clinical observations in infants presenting unusual concomitant VL and cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in *** presentation:In this case study,we report on two infants aged nine and 12 months *** both have a history of febrile splenomegaly,anemia,and pallor of mucous *** leishmaniasis was confirmed by parasitological diagnosis(positive bone marrow smear and screening of *** antibodies).However,the clinical examination also showed cutaneous lesions that suggested the presence of *** was reinforced by the patients having a history of living or traveling to endemic ***,direct examination,culture,and PCR-RFLP(ITS1-Hae 3)were carried out on the patients’dermal *** one of the infants,CL was associated with ***,while in the other it was associated with *** infants were treated as according to the recommendations of the Ministry of *** patients were cured in two months;defervescence,reduction of splenomegaly,and healing of cutaneous lesions were all ***:These singular patients illustrate the clinical polymorphism of CL and the necessity of updating the differential diagnosis of leukemia-like syndromes,including VL,in children living in or travelling to known endemic *** observations suggest a change in the Mediterranean VL phenotype that may be associated with CL.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis Cutaneous leishmaniasis leishmania infantum leishmania tropica Infants Morocco

A PCR and RFLP-based molecular diagnostic algorithm for visceral leishmaniasis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第2期13卷 62-70页

作者： Natalia Souza de Godoy Manoel Sebastiao da Costa Lima-Junior Jose Angelo Lauletta Lindoso Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola Thelma Suely Okay Lucia Maria Almeida Braz Laboratorio de Parasitologia Médica Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSPFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Laboratorio de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular-Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes/IAM-FIOCRUZ RecifeBrazil Laboratorio de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia-FMUSP Sao PauloBrazil Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos-Instituto Adolfo Lutz Sao PauloBrazil Laboratorio de Parasitologia-Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo-USP Sao PauloBrazil

Objective:To determine an algorithm for molecular diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis(VL)by kinetoplast DNA(kDNA)(RV1/RV2)and internal transcriber spacer(ITS1)(LITSR/L5.8 S)polymerase chain reaction(PCR),complemented by ITS 1 PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP),using peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate from patients with suspected ***:Biological samples were submitted to the gold standard for the diagnosis of VL and molecular diagnosis represented by ITS 1 PCR,kDNA PCR,and ITS 1 PCR *** samples were obtained from seven groups:groupⅠ,82 samples from patients with confirmed VL;groupⅡ,16 samples from patients under treatment for VL;groupⅢ,14 samples from dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis(CVL);groupⅣ,a pool of six experimentally infected sandflies(Lutzomya longipalpis);group V,18 samples from patients with confirmed tegumentary leishmaniasis(TL)and groupsⅥandⅦwere from control groups without ***:The following gold standard and molecular examination results were obtained for each of the seven groups:groupⅠ:parasitologic and immunochromatographic tests showed a sensitivity of 76.3%(61 of 80)and 68.8%(55 of 80),respectively,and a sensitivity of 97.6%(80 of 82)and 92.7%(76 of 82)by ITS1 and kDNA PCR,*** ITS1 PCR RFLP(HaeⅢ)analysis of the 80 positive samples,52.5%(42 of 80)generated three fragments of 180,70,and 50 bp,corresponding to the pattern of leishmania infantum infantum;groupⅡ:negative for the parasitologic methods and positive for IrK39(100%,16 of 16),presented 12.5%(2 of 16)of positivity by ITS 1 PCR and 25.0%(4 of 16)by kDNA PCR;groupⅢ:positive in the parasitologic and serologic tests(100%,14 of 14),presented 85.7%(12 of 14)of positivity by ITS1 PCR and kDNA ***1 PCR RFLP showed that 83.3%(10 of 12)of the canine samples contained parasites with profiles similar to ***;groupⅣpresented amplifications by ITS1 PCR and kDNA ***1 PCR products were analyzed by RFLP,generating a profile similar to

关键词： leishmania infantum Molecular diagnosis Visceral leishmaniasis PCR RFLP

Mathematical analysis of a model for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第4期2卷 455-474页

作者： Nafiu Hussaini Kamaldeen Okuneye Abba B.Gumel Department of Mathematical Sciences Bayero University KanoP.M.B.3011KanoNigeria School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL),caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum and transmitted to humans and reservoirhosts by female sandflies,is endemic inmany parts of the world(notably in Africa,Asia and the Mediterranean).This study presents a new mathematical model for assessing the transmission dynamics of ZVL in human and non-human animal reservoir *** model undergoes the usual phenomenon of backward bifurcation exhibited by similar vector-borne disease transmission *** the absence of such phenomenon(which is shown to arise due to the disease-induced mortality in the host populations),the nontrivial disease-free equilibrium of the model is shown to be globallyasymptotically stable when the associated reproduction number of the model is less than *** case and demographic data relevant to ZVL dynamics in Arac atubamunicipality of Brazil,it is shown,for the default case when systemic insecticide-based drugs are not used to treat infected reservoir hosts,that the associated reproduction number of the model (ℛ0) ranges from 0.3 to 1.4,with a mean of ℛ0=0:***,when the effect of such drug treatment is explicitly incorporated in the model(i.e.,accounting for the additional larval and sandfly mortality,following feeding on the treated reservoirs),the range ofℛ0 decreases toℛ02∈[0.1,0.6],with a mean ofℛ0=0:35(this significantly increases the prospect of the effective control or eliminationof the disease).Thus,ZVL transmissionmodels(in communities where such treatment strategy is implemented)that do not explicitly incorporate the effect of such treatmentmay be over-estimating the disease burden(asmeasured in terms ofℛ0)in the *** is shown thatℛ0 ismore sensitive to increases in sandflylifespanthan thatof the animal reservoir(so,a strategy that focuses on reducing sandflies,rather than the animal reservoir(e.g.,via culling),may be more effective in reducing ZVL burden in the community).Further sensitivity analysi

关键词： leishmania infantum Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) Reproduction number Stability Backward bifurcation