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hydroxycitric acid ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse models of multiple sclerosis

Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第10期11卷 1610-1616页

作者： Mahdi Goudarzvand Sanaz Afraei Somaye Yaslianifard Saleh Ghiasy Ghazal Sadri Mustafa Kalvandi Tina Alinia Ali Mohebbi Reza Yazdani Shahin Khadem Azarian Abbas Mirshafiey Gholamreza Azizi Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Alborz University of Medical Sciences Department of Immunology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of MedicineAlborz University of Medical Sciences Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Pediatrics Centre of Excellence Children's Medical Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Growth and Development Research Centre Paediatrics Centre of Excellence Children's Medical Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Immunology School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Department of Laboratory Medicine Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital Alborz University of Medical Sciences

hydroxycitric acid （HCA） is derived primarily from the Garcinia plant and is widely used for its anti-in- flammatory effects. Multiple sclerosis can cause an inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage. In this study, to validate the hypothesis that HCA exhibits therapeutic effects on multiple sclerosis, we established female C57BL/6 mouse models of multiple sclerosis, i.e., experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, using Complete Freund＇s Adjuvant （CFA） emulsion containing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein （35-55）. Treatment with HCA at 2 g/kg/d for 3 weeks obviously improved the symptoms of nerve injury of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice, decreased serum interleulin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione reduc- tase activities. These findings suggest that HCA exhibits neuroprotective effects on multiple sclerosis-caused nerve injury through ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress.

关键词： nerve regeneration hydroxycitric acid multiple sclerosis inflammation oxidative stress experimentalautoimmune encephalomyelitis neural regeneration

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hydroxycitric acid does not promote inflammation or liver toxicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 8160-8162页

作者： Dallas L Clouatre Harry G Preuss Glykon Technologies Group LLC SeattleWA 98109 United States Department of Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 United States

Garcinia cambogia extract(GC)with its active component consisting of hydroxycitric acid(HCA)is widely utilized for weight *** HCA salts are available,including calcium,magnesium,potassium and mixtures of ***,these salts exhibit different properties with some,but not all,improving glucose tolerance and blood ***,obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD,45 kcal%fat)with or without GC(1%,w/w)for 16 *** active arm reduced visceral fat,adipocyte size and serum glucose,yet purportedly also exhibited hepatic collagen accumulation,lipid peroxidation and increased mRNA levels of genes related to oxidative *** latter findings are at odds with a large body of animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and efficacy of *** literature shows HCA to be protective against the liver toxicity associated with ethanol and dexamethasone administration,and to maintain serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase at near normal *** both animal and clinical literature,elevated intakes of HCA per se have not led to signs of inflammation or *** compound has been found to reduce markers of inflammation in brain,intestines,kidney and serum.

关键词： Garcinia cambogia Hepatic collagen Hepatic inflammation Hepatic oxidative stress hydroxycitric acid Metabolic syndrome Tumor necrosis factor-α Weight loss

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No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 4087-4089页

作者： Sidney J Stohs Harry G Preuss Sunny E Ohia Gilbert R Kaats Carl L Keen Lonnie D Williams George A Burdock School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University Medical Center4967 Stillwater TrailFriscoTX 75034United States

Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).

关键词： hydroxycitric acid Super CitriMax hydroxycitric acid-SX Garcinia cambogia Hydroxycut Liver failure Hepatotoxicity Safety and efficacy

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Liver injury and dietary supplements:Does hydroxycitric acid trigger hepatotoxicity?

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第5期20卷 473-475页

作者： Andrea Zovi Roberto Langella Andrea Nisic Antonio Vitiello Umberto M.Musazzi a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of MilanVia G.ColomboMilan 71-20133Italy Italian Society of Hospital Pharmacy(SIFO) SIFO Secretariat of the Lombardy RegionVia Carlo Farini81Milan 20159Italy Regional Pharmacovigilance Center Lombardy RegionPiazza Cittàdi Lombardia1Milan 20124Italy Pharmaceutical Department USL Umbria 1Via Guerriero Guerra21Perugia 06127Italy

Rising rates of obesity has increased the global use of herbal supplements intended to control ***,taking these preparations without appropriate medical supervision could increase the risk of manifestation of side effects,especially at the hepatic *** literature,different cases of acute liver injury consequent to the use of food supplements containing Garcinia cambogia and hydroxycitric acid are *** letter aims to review the most recent literature that analysed the herb-induced liver disease due to the use of hydroxycitric acid,from the first alert coming from the European Food and Drug Administration in 2009,to the last recent European food alerts from 2020 to *** is noteworthy that in some cases it demonstrated the relationship between hydroxycitric acid and ***,there is a need to draw more attention to the relationship between a safe use and a more awareness in the intake of these supplements,to preserve the safety of the consumers who increasingly purchase food supplements,products that have only nutritive properties and are never curative.

关键词： Weight loss Garcinia cambogia hydroxycitric acid Hepatotoxicity Adverse event

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