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Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and capillary electrophoresis with PDA detection

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 265-271页

作者： Liang Meng Shuhai Ye Yilin Wu Linda You Department of Forensic Science Fujian Police CollegeFuzhouChina Institute of Forensic Science Fujian Provincial Public Security DepartmentFuzhouChina

A new method was developed for pre-concentration and determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction(DLLME)and capillary electrophoresis(CE)with photodiode array *** method was based on the formation of tiny droplets of an organic extractant in the prepared sample solution using water-immiscible organic solvent(chloroform)dissolved in water-miscible organic dispersive solvent(isopropyl alcohol).The organic phase,which extracted eight drugs of abuse from the prepared urine solution,was separated by *** sedimented phase was transferred into a small volume CE auto-sampler vial with 10μL of 1%HCl methanol solution and evaporated to *** residue was reconstituted in lidocaine hydrochloride(internal standard)aqueous solution and introduced by electrokinetic injection into *** the optimum conditions,acceptable linear relationship was observed in the range of 3.0–500 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient(r)of 0.9982–0.9994 for spiked urine *** limit of detection(LOD)(S/N=3)was estimated to be 1.0 ng/mL.A recovery of 75.7%–90.6%was obtained for spiked *** mean relative error(MRE)was within±7.0%and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was less than 6.9%.The proposed DLLME-CE procedure offers an alternative analytical approach for the sensitive detection of drugs of abuse in real urine samples.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction capillary electrophoresis drugs of abuse urine sample

Advances in the application of nanomaterials for the electrocatalytic detection of drugs of abuse

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Advanced Sensor and Energy Materials

Advanced Sensor and Energy Materials 2023年第2期2卷 69-90页

作者： Colani T.Fakude Refiloe P.Modise Aderemi B.Haruna Jeseelan Pillay Kenneth I.Ozoemena Molecular Sciences Institute School of ChemistryUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg2050South Africa National Metrology Institute of South Africa Scientia 627-JrPretoria0184South Africa

Drug abuse has proliferated at an unprecedented rate worldwide,posing significant public health challenges that directly impact society,criminality,and the *** review presents the application of nanomaterials for qualitative and quantitative electrocatalytic analysis of drugs of abuse,mostly opioids(such as heroin(HER),morphine(MOR),codeine(COD),fentanyl(FEN),and tramadol(TR)),and addictive stimulants(such as cocaine(COC)and methamphetamine(MAM))via direct *** techniques have attracted attention for generating point-of-use sensors because of their low cost,portability,ease of use,and the possibility of ***-based devices can assist first responders with tools to identify unknown powders and to treat victims of drug *** on the drug therapeutic and usage purposes,research advances in drug electroanalysis can be classified and discussed with special emphasis on the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the ***,this review discusses sensor enhancement based on the electrocatalytic properties introduced by various strategies,such as surface nanostructuring,the use of conducting polymers,and anodization of electrode surfaces Finally,a critical outlook is presented with recommendations and prospects for future development.

关键词： drugs of abuse Opioids Addictive stimulants Nanostructured electrocatalysts Electrocatalysis Electro-oxidation

Modifying current thin-film microextraction(TFME)solutions for analyzing prohibited substances:Evaluating new coatings using liquid chromatography

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第3期12卷 470-480页

作者： Łukasz Sobczak Dominika Kołodziej Krzysztof Gorynski Bioanalysis Scientific Group Faculty of PharmacyCollegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun85-089BydgoszczPoland

For identifying and quantifying prohibited substances,solid-phase microextraction(SPME)continues to arouse interest as a sample preparation ***,the practical implementation of this method in routine laboratory testing is currently hindered by the limited number of coatings compatible with the ubiquitous high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)*** octadecyl(C18)and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene ligands are currently marketed for this *** address this situation,the present study evaluated 12 HPLC-compatible coatings,including several chemistries not currently used in this *** stationary phases of SPME devices in the geometry of thin filmcoated blades were prepared by applying silica particles bonded with various functional ligands(C18,octyl,phenyl-hexyl,3-cyanopropyl,benzenesulfonic acid,and selected combinations of these),as well as unbonded silica,to a metal *** of these chemistries have not been previously used as microextraction *** 48 most commonly misused substances were selected to assess the extraction efficacy of each coating,and eight desorption solvent compositions were used to optimize the desorption *** samples were analyzed using an HPLC system coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass *** evaluation enables selection of the best-performing coatings for quantifying prohibited substances and investigates the relationship between extraction efficacy and the physicochemical characteristics of the ***,using the most suitable coatings is essential for trace-level analysis of chemically diverse prohibited substances.

关键词： Sample preparation Solid-phase microextraction Thin-film microextraction Prohibited substances drugs of abuse High-performance liquid chromatography

Determination of amphetamines,ketamine and their metabolites in hair with high-speed grinding and solid-phase microextraction followed by LC-MS

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 273-280页

作者： Liang Meng Yong Dai Chen Chen Jun Zhang Department of Forensic Science Fujian Police CollgeFuzhouChina Engineering Research Center Fujian Police CollegeFuzhouChina Department of Forensic Science Sichuan Police CollegeLuzhouChina Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina

A novel hair sample pre-treatment method based on high-speed grinding and solid-phase microextraction(SPME)had been applied for the determination of amphetamines,ketamine and their metabolites in hair samples by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS).A 20mg sample of hair was ground with 2 mL of saturated sodium carbonate solution using a high-efficiency hair grinder with 70 Hz osillation for 2min at 4℃.After centrifuging,1.5mL of the supernatant was transferred and treated with SPME by direct immersion(DI-SPME).The target analytes extracted by fibre were desorbed and analysed using *** the optimum conditions,a recovery of 90.2%-95.8%was obtained for all *** analytical method was linear for all analytes in the range from 0.2 to 10 ng/mg with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9985 to *** detection limits for all analytes were estimated to be 0.067 ng/*** accuracy(mean relative error)was within±6.9%and the precision(relative standard error)was less than 6.8%.The combination of high-speed grinding of hair and SPME had the advantages of being easy to perform,environment-friendly and high in detection *** proposed method offered an altermative ana lytical approach for the sensitive detection of drugs in hair samples for forensic purposes.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology drugs of abuse high-speed grinding hair analysis liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry solid-phase microextraction

Determination of Methadone and Eight New Psychoactive Substances in Hair Samples by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第4期4卷 184-191页

作者： Luca Anzillotti Luca Cald Marianna Giacalone Antonio Banchini Rossana Cecchi Department of Medicine and Surgery Institute of Legal MedicineUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly

Many new psychoactive substances(NPSs)with different chemical structures have emerged in the illicit drug market in the last *** present work was aimed at the development of a simple method in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(MS)for the determination of NPS of different classes,the use of cannabinoids,and,at the same time,the evaluation of methadone therapy in hair matrix,within our routine analysis control for methadone treatment or from autopsy *** determination of synthetic cannabinoids and methadone therapy used an extraction method based on incubation in concentrated sodium hydroxide(NaOH)solution,providing a dissolution of the keratin *** described method was applied on 15 authentic specimens from our cases:five showed the presence of methadone and 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine(EDDP).The described method can be useful not only in the forensic investigation of NPS-related addiction histories but also in epidemiological and retrospective studies on the spread of NPS among specific safety-sensitive social *** GC instrument was an Agilent 7820A(Agilent Technologies,Santa Clara,CA,USA),and the detection system was an Agilent 5977B single quadrupole MS operating in selective ion monitoring *** parameters such as limit of detections(LODs),limit of quantifications(LOQs),repeatability,accuracy,and linearity were satisfactory for its application on real ***,LOQs,2?2,%CY standard deviation,and the mean concentration for the analyzed compounds are reported in Table *** and repeatability were acceptable for all the analytes at their respective *** experiments varied from 58.3%to 103.0%,thus allowing the application on authentic *** described method can be useful not only in the forensic investigation ofNPS-related addiction histories but also in epidemiological and retrospective studies on the spread of NPS among specific safety-sensitive social workers,such as drivers.

关键词： drugs of abuse forensic gas chromatography/mass spectrometry hair new psychoactive substance toxicology