Advances in the application of nanomaterials for the electrocatalytic detection of drugs of abuse

作     者：Colani T.Fakude Refiloe P.Modise Aderemi B.Haruna Jeseelan Pillay Kenneth I.Ozoemena 

作者机构：Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg2050South Africa National Metrology Institute of South AfricaScientia 627-JrPretoria0184South Africa 

出 版 物：《Advanced Sensor and Energy Materials》 (先进传感器与能源材料（英文）)

年 卷 期：2023年第2卷第2期

页      面：69-90页

学科分类：08[工学] 0812[工学-计算机科学与技术（可授工学、理学学位）] 

基　　金：NRF(South Africa)/FWO(Belgium)Joint Science and Technology Research Collaboration for the Project“Electrochemistry,nanostructured electrocatalysts for tackling substance abuse,and DSI-NRF-Wits SARChI Chair in Materials Electrochemistry and Energy Technologies”(MEET,UID#132739) National Metrology Institute of South Africa(NMISA).The views expressed here are of the authors and not of any of the organizations mentioned in this acknowledgment 

主　　题：Drugs of abuse Opioids Addictive stimulants Nanostructured electrocatalysts Electrocatalysis Electro-oxidation 

摘      要：Drug abuse has proliferated at an unprecedented rate worldwide,posing significant public health challenges that directly impact society,criminality,and the *** review presents the application of nanomaterials for qualitative and quantitative electrocatalytic analysis of drugs of abuse,mostly opioids(such as heroin(HER),morphine(MOR),codeine(COD),fentanyl(FEN),and tramadol(TR)),and addictive stimulants(such as cocaine(COC)and methamphetamine(MAM))via direct *** techniques have attracted attention for generating point-of-use sensors because of their low cost,portability,ease of use,and the possibility of ***-based devices can assist first responders with tools to identify unknown powders and to treat victims of drug *** on the drug therapeutic and usage purposes,research advances in drug electroanalysis can be classified and discussed with special emphasis on the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the ***,this review discusses sensor enhancement based on the electrocatalytic properties introduced by various strategies,such as surface nanostructuring,the use of conducting polymers,and anodization of electrode surfaces Finally,a critical outlook is presented with recommendations and prospects for future development.