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New Directions for artificial intelligence:human,machine,biological,and quantum intelligence

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第6期23卷 984-990页

作者： Li WEIGANG Lirian Michi ENAMOTO Denise Leyi LI Geraldo Pereira ROCHA FILHO Department of Computer Science Uniuersily of BrasiliaBasilia-DF 70910-900Bazil Faculty of Economics AdministrationAccounting and ActuariesUnversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-010Bazil

1 Introduction This comment reviews the“once learning”mechanism(OLM)that was proposed by Weigang(1998),the subsequent success of“one-shot learning”in object categories(Li FF et al.,2003),and“youonly lookonce”(YO... 详细信息

关键词： Directions intelligence subsequent

Remote ischaemic conditioning for stroke: unanswered questions and future Directions

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 298-309页

作者： Sheharyar Baig Bethany Moyle Krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman Nair Jessica Redgrave Arshad Majid Ali Ali Cerebrovascular Medicine The University of Sheffield Institute for Translational NeuroscienceSheffieldUK Neurosciences Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Sheffield NIHR Biomedical Research Centre The University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Remote ischaemic conditioning(RIC)refers to a process whereby periods of intermittent ischaemia,typically via the cyclical application of a blood pressure cuff to a limb at above systolic pressure,confers systemic protection against ischaemia in spatially distinct vascular territories.The mechanisms underlying this have not been characterised fully but have been shown to involve neural,hormonal and systemic inflammatory signalling cascades.Preclinical and early clinical studies have been promising and suggest beneficial effects of RIC in acute ischaemic stroke,symptomatic intracranial stenosis and vascular cognitive impairment.Through systematic searches of several clinical trials databases we identified 48 active clinical trials of RIC in ischaemic stroke,intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage.We summarise the different RIC protocols and outcome measures studied in ongoing clinical trials and highlight which studies are most likely to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of RIC and characterise its efficacy in the near future.We discuss the uncertainties of RIC including the optimal frequency and duration of therapy,target patient groups,cost-effectiveness,the confounding impact of medications and the absence of a clinically meaningful biomarker of the conditioning response.With several large clinical trials of RIC expected to report their outcomes within the next 2 years,this review aims to highlight the most important studies and unanswered questions that will need to be addressed before this potentially widely accessible and low-cost intervention can be used in clinical practice.

关键词： Remote Directions founding

Perspective on Etiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorders in China: Clinical Implications and Future Directions

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第4期35卷 608-612页

作者： Zuowei Wang Chen Jun Kerning Gao Haichen Yang Yiru Fang Division of Mood Disorders Hongkou District Mental Health Center Shanghai 200083 China Division of Mood Disorders Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 China Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH 44106 USA Mood and Anxiety Clinic in the Mood Disorders Program of the Department of Psychiatry University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH 44106 USA Department of Mood Disorders Shenzhen Mental Health Centre Shenzhen 518003 China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Shanghai 200031 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai 201108 China

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, recurrent, disabling disease, even when given currently-available pharmacological and psychological treatments. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of BD remain unclear. As a consequence, patients with BD are frequently unrecognized, misdiagnosed, and inappropriately treated, which often yields a low treatment response and poor outcome.

关键词： Perspective Future Directions Bipolar Disorders

Intestinal organoids as tools for enriching and studying specific and rare cell types:advances and future Directions

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2020年第8期12卷 562-568页

作者： Kim E.Boonekamp Talya L.Dayton Hans Clevers Oncode Institute Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences(KNAW)and University Medical Centre(UMC)Utrecht358A CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Princess Maxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology 358A CS UtrechtThe Netherlands

Adult tissue-derived organoids allow for the expansion and maintenance of primary epithelial cells in a near-native state.These 3D and self-organizing organotypic cultures derived from adult tissues have been increasingly used in fundamental and translational research.A key feature of this organoid system is that it recapitulates the stem cell lineage and thus,the differentiated cell-type heterogeneity of the in vivo tissue of origin.

关键词： Directions organo rare

Current status and future Directions of the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem research

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Science Bulletin 2019年第7期64卷 428-430页

作者： Yangjian Zhang Yixuan Zhu Junxiang Li Yao Chen Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) encompasses Xizang and Qinghai and parts of northern Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, with a total area of circa 2.6 millions km2. The 2013 satellite data showed that grasslands, forests, wetlands, agricultural lands, and deserts account for 60%, 7.7%, 1.4%, 0.3%, and 30%, respectively, of total TP land (1)Due to its existence in dry, high altitude and cold environments, the TP ecosystem is extremely vulnerable to global climate change and studies on the TP ecosystem can be utilized as a pre-warning for other ecosystems.

关键词： Current status and future Directions of the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem research TP

A Primal-dual Interior-point Algorithm for Symmetric Cone Convex Quadratic Programming Based on the Commutative Class Directions

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2019年第2期35卷 359-373页

作者： S.ASADI H.MANSOURI M.ZANGIABADI Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesShahrekord University

In this paper, we present a neighborhood following primal-dual interior-point algorithm for solving symmetric cone convex quadratic programming problems, where the objective function is a convex quadratic function and the feasible set is the intersection of an affine subspace and a symmetric cone attached to a Euclidean Jordan algebra. The algorithm is based on the [13] broad class of commutative search Directions for cone of semidefinite matrices, extended by [18] to arbitrary symmetric cones. Despite the fact that the neighborhood is wider, which allows the iterates move towards optimality with longer steps, the complexity iteration bound remains as the same result of Schmieta and Alizadeh for symmetric cone optimization problems.

关键词： interior-point method symmetric cone convex quadratic programming wide neighborhood commutative class Directions complexity bound

Preventing brain aging by the artificial enforcement of the unfolded protein response:future Directions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 393-394页

作者： Felipe Cabral-Miranda Claudio Hetz Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Center for Geroscience Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile、Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile、Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile、Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCAUSA

As the life expectancy of the world’s population increases,age-related diseases are emerging as one of the greatest problems facing modern society.The onset of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases is strictly dependent on aging as a major risk factor and has a profound impact on various aspects of the lives of individuals and their families.

关键词： diseases aging Directions

Oncolytic virotherapy:basic principles,recent advances and future Directions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第5期8卷 2180-2208页

作者： Danni Lin Yinan Shen Tingbo Liang Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases HangzhouZhejiangChina The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiangChina Cancer Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina

Oncolytic viruses(OVs)have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century,as they are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects.With the progress in genetic engineering technology,OVs have been adopted as versatile platforms for developing novel antitumor strategies,used alone or in combination with other therapies.Recent studies have yielded eye-catching results that delineate the promising clinical outcomes that OVs would bring about in the future.In this review,we summarized the basic principles of OVs in terms of their classifications,as well as the recent advances in OV-modification strategies based on their characteristics,biofunctions,and cancer hallmarks.Candidate OVs are expected to be designed as“qualified soldiers”first by improving target fidelity and safety,and then equipped with“cold weapons”for a proper cytocidal effect,“hot weapons”capable of activating cancer immunotherapy,or“auxiliary weapons”by harnessing tactics such as anti-angiogenesis,reversed metabolic reprogramming and decomposing extracellular matrix around tumors.Combinations with other cancer therapeutic agents have also been elaborated to show encouraging antitumor effects.Robust results from clinical trials using OV as a treatment congruously suggested its significance in future application Directions and challenges in developing OVs as novel weapons for tactical decisions in cancer treatment.

关键词： Directions reversed summarized

Therapeutic peptides: current applications and future Directions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第3期7卷 686-712页

作者： Lei Wang Nanxi Wang Wenping Zhang Xurui Cheng Zhibin Yan Gang Shao Xi Wang Rui Wang Caiyun Fu Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci-Tech University310018 HangzhouChina State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210046China Department of Oncology No.903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support ForceXi Hu Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310013China Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences&Research Unit of Peptide ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU066Lanzhou University730000 LanzhouChina Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College100050 BeijingChina

Peptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new production,modification,and analytic technologies.Peptides have been produced and modified using both chemical and biological methods,together with novel design and delivery strategies,which have helped to overcome the inherent drawbacks of peptides and have allowed the continued advancement of this field.

关键词： Directions overcome continued