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carbon monoxide Emissions from Corn Silage

Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第7期12卷 438-453页

作者： Yongjing Zhao Anthony S. Wexler Frank Hase Yuee Pan Frank M. Mitloehner Air Quality Research Center University of California-Davis Davis USA Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Department of Animal Science University of California-Davis Davis USA

carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from corn silage were observed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and laser spectroscopy. In the first experiment, corn silage was produced using laboratory bucket silos. Air samples were collected from the bucket silos during the first week of ensiling and analyzed using a low-resolution Bruker FTIR spectrometer coupled with a long optical path length White Cell. The CO concentration in the bucket silo gas, derived from the FTIR spectra using the LINEFIT program, was as high as 48.0 ppm. In the second experiment, air samples were collected through a flux chamber from an Ag-Bag silage pile on a commercial dairy that was opened several months after ensiling. The Ag-Bag air samples were analyzed using a high-resolution Bruker FTIR spectrometer, and CO concentrations were retrieved to be 6.83 ppm, corresponding to an area emission rate of 33.7 mg/(hour ·m2). An LGR N2O/CO gas analyzer based on infrared laser spectroscopy was also used to measure the CO concentrations from the same flux chamber. Elevated CO concentrations were observed from these silage sources. The present study revealed that CO was emitted by corn silage during different phases of ensiling. Annual CO emissions from the corn silage were estimated to be much lower than those from the well-known emission categories in San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and California, but comparable to those from food and agricultural sources in the SJV. It is also confirmed that FTIR spectroscopy is a viable method for measuring CO concentrations in complex gas mixtures, such as silage gas.

关键词： carbon monoxide Corn Silage Ag-Bag Infrared FTIR LINEFIT

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carbon monoxide and Respiratory Disorders in Professional Female Fish Smokers at 2 Artisanal Sites in Benin

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2023年第4期11卷 175-186页

作者： Mênonli Adjobimey Ibrahim Mama Cissé Fintani Kaki Mariano Steven Sagbohan Perside Fabien Gounongbe Rose Mikponhoue Ayélo Paul Vikkey Hinson Research and Teaching Unit in Occupational and Environmental Health FSS Cotonou Cotonou Benin Occupational Health Service of the National University Hospital of Pneumo-Phtisiology of Cotonou Cotonou Benin Faculty of Medicine Occupational Health Training and Research Unit Parakou Benin Inter-Faculty Centre for Environmental Training and Research for Sustainable Development University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Benin

Introduction: The use of biomass for cooking is a very common practice in Africa and Benin, and is associated with exposure to organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess carbon monoxide exposure and respiratory disorders in women at artisanal fish-smoking sites. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of women fish smokers at two artisanal fish-smoking sites in Benin. Recruitment was exhaustive. An interview using a respiratory questionnaire inspired by the Union questionnaire, spirometry and carbon monoxide (CO) measurement were carried out. Descriptive analysis and comparison of means using Student’s t-test with a threshold of p = 0.05 were performed. Results: The median age of the 81 people surveyed was 40, with an interquartile range (IQT) of [25 to 75]. The median duration of daily exposure to smoke was 6 h IQT [4, 7]. Of those surveyed, 64 (79.01%) were illiterate and 39 (48.24%) had been working for 20 years. CO levels at the start of activity varied from 89 to 145 ppm in one case and from 40 to 89 ppm in the other. Respiratory symptoms were present in 19 (23.46%);18 (22.22%) had mild airway impairment on spirometry. There was a statistically significant decrease between the mean values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), mean expiratory volume in seconds (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after exposure to smoke. Conclusion: CO levels are high on fish smoking sites and respiratory problems are common. Improved working conditions are important for these women.

关键词： Respiratory Symptoms Spirometry carbon monoxide Fish Smoking Women

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Isothermal reduction kinetics of zinc calcine under carbon monoxide

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2020年第8期30卷 2274-2282页

作者： Yu-jie CHEN Yun-yan WANG Ning PENG Yan-jie LIANG Bing PENG Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution Changsha 410083China School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

The reduction kinetics of zinc calcine under a CO atmosphere was evaluated by isothermal reductive roasting in a temperature range of 600-800℃.The extent of reaction of zinc calcine was measured using thermogravimetry(TG),and the decomposition mechanism of zinc ferrite in zinc calcine was analyzed based on variations in the soluble zinc and ferrous *** results indicate that the reaction was controlled by the nucleation of the products,with an apparent activation energy of 65.28 k J/*** partial pressure of CO affected the reaction rate more strongly than the CO intensity(defined as PCO/(PCO+PCO2)).The generation rate of zinc oxide was higher than that of ferrous oxide;therefore,the nucleation of ferrous oxide is the rate-determining step of the reaction.

关键词： reduction kinetics zinc calcine zinc ferrite carbon monoxide

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Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of Fe_2O_3-NiO composites for formation of Fe-Ni alloy using carbon monoxide

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第11期24卷 3710-3715页

作者：李博魏永刚王华昆明理工大学省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室昆明650093

The non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanism of Fe2O3-NiO composites with different Fe2O3-NiO compacts using carbon monoxide as reductant were investigated. The results show that the reduction degree increases rapidly with increasing the content of NiO, and the presence of NiO also improves the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is found that NiO is preferentially reduced at the beginning of the reactions, and then the metallic Ni acts as a catalyst promoting the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is also observed that the increase of the Ni O content enhances the formation of awaruite(FeNi3) but decreases the percentage of kamacite(Fe,Ni) and taenite(Fe,Ni). The particle size of the materials tends to be uniform during the reduction process due to the presence of metallic nickel, metallic iron and the formation of Fe-Ni alloy. The concentration of CO in the product gas is greater than that of CO2 at the beginning of the reaction and then slows down. The fastest reduction rate of Fe2O3-NiO composites with CO appears at 400-500 °C, and nucleation growth model can be used to elucidate the reduction mechanism. Nucleation growth process is found to be the rate controlling step when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C.

关键词： reduction kinetics Fe2O3 NiO Fe-Ni alloy carbon monoxide

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IRG1 induced by heme oxygenase- 1/carbon monoxide inhibits LPS-mediated sepsis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第2期13卷 170-179页

作者： Md Jamal Uddin Yeonsoo Joe Seul-Ki Kim Sun Oh Jeong Stefan W Ryter Hyun-Ock Pae Hun Taeg Chung School of Biological Sciences University of Ulsan Korea Department of Microbiology and Immunology Wonkwang University School of Medicine Korea Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA

The immunoresponsive gene 1 （IRG 1） protein has crucial functions in embryonic implantation and neurodegeneration. IRG1 promotes endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression in macrophages through reactive oxygen species （ROS）. The cytoprotective protein heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）, which generates endogenous carbon monoxide （CO）, is expressed in the lung during Lipopolysaccharide （LPS） tolerance and cross tolerance. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms and functional links between IRG1 and HO-1 in the innate immune system remain unknown. In the present study, we found that the CO releasing molecule-2 （CORM-2） and chemical inducers of HO- 1 increased I RG 1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of HO-1 activity by zinc protoporphyrin IX （ZnPP） and HO-1 siRNA significantly reduced expression of IRG1 under these conditions. In addition, treatment with CO and HO-1 induction significantly increased A20 expression, which was reversed by ZnPP and HO-1 siRNA. LPS-stimulated TNF-a was significantly decreased, whereas IRG1 and A20 were increased by CORM-2 application and HO-1 induction, which in turn were abrogated by ZnPP. Interestingly, siRNA against IRG1 and A20 reversed the effects of CO and HO-1 on LPS-stimulated TNF-a production. Additionally, CO and HO-1 inducers significantly increased IRG1 and A20 expression and downregulated TNF-a production in a LPS-stimulated sepsis mice model. Furthermore, the effects of CO and HO-1 on TNF-α production were significantly reversed when ZnPP was administered. In conclusion, CO and HO-1 induction regulates IRG1 and A20 expression, leading to inhibition of inflammation in vitroand in an in vivomice model.

关键词： A2O anti-inflammatory effects carbon monoxide HO-1 IRG1

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Nitric oxide modulates hypoxic pulmonary smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating carbon monoxide pathway

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第1期28卷 28-35页

作者： Yan-fei WANG~2 Hong TIAN~2 Chao-shu TANG~(3,4) Hong-fang JIN~2 Jun-bao DU~(2,4,5)2 Department of Pediatrics,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China 3 Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China,4 Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Diseases,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100034,China DepartmentofPediatrics PekingUniversityFirstHospitalBeijing100034China InstituteofCardiovascularDiseases PekingUniversityFirstHospitalBeijing100034China KeyLaboratoryofMolecularCardiovascularDiseases MinistryofEduc

Aim:To explore the role of carbon monoxide(CO)in the regulation of hypoxicpulmonary artery smooth muscle cell(PASMC)proliferation and apoptosis bynitric oxide(NO).Methods:PASMC of Wistar rats was cultured in vitro in thepresence of a NO donor,sodium nitroprusside,or an inhibitor of heine oxygenase(HO),zinc protoporphyrin-IX,or under both normoxic and hypoxic *** and carboxyhemoglobin in PASMC medium were detected *** proliferating and apoptotic percentage of PASMC wasmeasured by flow *** expression of HO-1 mRNA in PASMC wasanalyzed by fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR,and the proliferating cell nuclearantigen and caspase-3 were examined by immunocytochemical ***:The results showed that hypoxia suppressed NO generation from PASMC,whichpromoted hypoxic PASMC proliferation and induced ***,hy-poxia induced HO-1 expression in PASMC and promoted CO production fromPASMC,which inhibited PASMC proliferation and regulated PASMC *** upregulated the expression of HO-1 mRNA in hypoxic PASMC;NO also inhib-ited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of hypoxic PASMC,possibly by regu-lating the production of ***:The results indicated that CO couldinhibit proliferation and regulate apoptosis of PASMC,and NO inhibited prolifera-tion and promoted apoptosis of hypoxic PASMC,possibly by regulating the pro-duction of CO.

关键词： hypoxia proliferation apoptosis carbon monoxide nitric oxide

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Protection of carbon monoxide intraperitoneal administration from rat intestine injury induced by lipopolysaccharide

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第8期123卷 1039-1046页

作者： LIU Shao-hua MA Ke XU Bing XU Xin-rong Intensive Care Unit First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medicial University Nanjing Jiangsu 210029 China Department of Emergency Huashan Hospital Affiliated Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China Department of Emergency Sixth Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200233 China

Background Treatment with inhaled carbon monoxide （CO） has been shown to ameliorate intestinal injury in experimental animals induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） or ischemia-reperfusion. We hypothesized that CO intraperitoneal administration （i.p.） might provide similar protection to inhaled gas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of continuous 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p. on rat intestine injury induced by LPS and to try to develop a more practical means of delivering the gas. Methods A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups： control group, CO i.p. group, LPS group and LPS＋CO i.p. group. One hour after intravenously received 5 mg/kg LPS, the rats in LPS group and LPS＋CO i.p. group were exposed to room air and 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p., respectively, and the rats of control group and CO i.p. group intravenously received an equal volume of 0.9% NaCI and 1 hour later, were exposed to room air and 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p., respectively. One, 3 and 6 hour of each group after treated with room air or CO i.p., the animals （n=-6 for each time point） were sacrificed and intestinal tissues were collected for determinating the levels of platelet activator factor （PAF） and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） with enzyme-lined immunosorbent assays. The maleic dialdehyde （MDA） content and the myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity were determined with a chemical method. The phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK） expression was assayed with Western blotting and the cell apoptotic rate with flow cytometery. The arterial oxygenation was measured by blood gas analysis, and the pathology determined by light microscope. Results After treatment with 2 L/min of 250 ppm CO i.p., the increase of PAF, ICAM-1, MDA, MPO, and cell apoptotic rate induced by LPS was markedly reduced （P 〈0.05 or 0.01）, and accompanied by ameliorating intestine injury. Western blotting showed that these effects of CO i.p. were mediated by p38 MAPK path

关键词： carbon monoxide intestine injury mitogen activated protein kinase

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Digit and letter alexia in carbon monoxide poisoning

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第21期7卷 1675-1679页

作者： Qingyu Shen Xiaoming Rong Rui Pan Ying Peng Wei Peng Yamei Tang Department of Neurology Zengcheng People's Hospital Zengcheng 511300 Guangdong Province China Department of Neurology Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong Province China Department of Ophthalmology Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong Province China

This study examined a 24-year-old patient with delayed encephalopathy, who was admitted to hospital with complaints of headache and visual impairment 1 week after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. The results of a visual field assessment, electroencephalography and head magnetic resonance imaging indicated damage to the cerebral cortex. After a 2-week treatment period, the patient had recovered from the visual impairment, but exhibited digit- and letter-reading difficulty. The Chinese aphasia battery and the number and letter battery supplement were conducted. The results revealed that the patient exhibited digit and letter alexia, while the ability to read Chinese characters was preserved. In contrast, the patient exhibited a deficit in Chinese character writing, while number and letter writing remained intact. Following treatment, reading and writing ability was improved and electroencephalographic abnormalities were ameliorated. Overall, our experimental findings demonstrated that delayed encephalopathy following acute carbon monoxide poisoning was characterized by digit and letter alexia.

关键词： carbon monoxide delayed encephalopathy digit alexia letter alexia poisoning neural regeneration

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carbon monoxide Prevents Cyclosporine A-induced Injury of Glomerular Endothelial Cells

Carbon Monoxide Prevents Cyclosporine A-induced Injury of Gl...

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第八届海峡两岸心血管科学研讨会

作者： Zhe Zhou~(1,2),Yi Wu~(1,2),Meng Xiang~1,Dan Meng~1,Li Wang~1, Si-feng Chen~(1*),Wen-jun Yuan~(2*) (1.Departent of Physiology and Pathophysiology,Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai,China 2.Departent of Physiology,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,China)

＜正＞Objective Most kidney allografts eventually lose their function because of chronic *** A（CsA） is one of the most commonly used immunosuppressive *** preventing allograft immune rejection,CsA may injure many renal *** oxygenase-1（HO-1） is protective for numerous cells including renal epithelial cells by presenting anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties through its catalyzed products such;as carbon monoxide（CO）.However,the effects of CsA on glomerular endothelial cells（GECs） and the role of Ho-1 arenot *** study observed the effects of HO -1 and CO on CsA-induced GEC injury and *** and Methods Primary GECs were treated with 25μmol/L CsA to induce injury and *** and CORM -2 were used for representatives for HO-1 inducers and HO-1 catalyzed products,*** expressions of HO-1 and endoplasmic reticulum stress response（ER） proteins（CHOP and ATF -6） were evaluated by Western bolting. Cell apoptosis,proliferation and migration were measured by annexin-V and PI double staining,MTT degradation assay and cell monolayer scratch assays,*** At 8 h after treatment,HO-1 and CHOP expression in CsA-treated cells increased significantly compared to untreated *** promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation and migration of the *** increased HO-1 protein and mRNA expressions *** hemin decreased CsA -induced CHOP expression,it did not prevent CsA -induced apoptosis,proliferation and migration inhibitions compared to untreated ***-releasing molecule CORM-2 did not affect biological properties and protein expressions of the cells without CsA treatment although it decreased migration of the ***,it blocked CsAinduced cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and CHOP expression although it did not change cell migration,ATF-6 expression and activation of CsA-treated *** Pharmacological dose of Cs

关键词： cyclosporin A heme oxygenase-1 carbon monoxide CORM -2 glomerular endothelial cells endoplasmic reticulum stress

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Association of carbon monoxide poisonings and carboxyhemoglobin levels with COVID-19 and clinical severity

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World Journal of Methodology 2023年第4期13卷 248-258页

作者： Abuzer Coskun Burak Demirci Kenan Ahmet Turkdogan Emergency Medicine Clinic Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34200Turkey Emergency Medicine Department IstanbulÇam and Sakura City HospitalIstanbul 34494Turkey

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which recently spread throughout the entire world,is still a significant health ***,the most common cause of risky poisoning in emergency services is carbon monoxide(CO)*** disorders seem to merit more research as they have an impact on all bodily systems via the *** To determine how arterial blood gas and carboxyhemoglobin(COHb)levels affect the clinical and prognostic results of individuals requiring emergency treatment who have both COVID-19 and CO *** Between January 2018 and December 2021,479 CO-poisoning patients participated in this single-center,retrospective *** were primarily divided into two groups for analysis:Pre-pandemic and pandemic ***,the pandemic era was divided into categories based on the presence of COVID-19 and,if present,the clinical severity of the *** hospital information system was used to extract patient demographic,clinical,arterial blood gas,COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction,and other laboratory *** The mean age of the 479 patients was 54.93±11.51 years,and 187(39%)were female.226(47%)patients were in the pandemic group and 143(30%)of them had a history of *** the mean potential of hydrogen(pH)in arterial blood gas of all patients was 7.28±0.15,it was 7.35±0.10 in the pre-pandemic group and 7.05±0.16 in the severe group during the pandemic period(Pcarbon dioxide,HCO3,calcium,glucose,age,pH,PaO2,potassium,sodium,and base excess levels in the

关键词： Emergency department Coronavirus disease 2019 carbon monoxide Mortality Carboxyhemoglobin Intoxication Poisoning

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