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Antibiogram, Genomic and Phylogeny of Stool and Seafood Isolates from Some Cholera-Prone Coastal Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第4期11卷 385-406页

作者： Chidimma Anthonia Azike Vivian Nkemkanma Agi Easter Godwin Nwokah Amba Ollor Ollor Clement Ugochukwu Nyenke Confidence Kinikanwo Wachukwu Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria PAMO University of Medical Sciences Port Harcourt Nigeria

Cholera is a significant public health threat across the globe, especially in coastal regions with poor water supply. This study was carried out to determine the Antibiogram, genomic, and phylogeny of stool and seafood isolates from some cholera-prone coastal communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 400 stool samples and 42 different seafood were aseptically collected and examined using standard microbiology and molecular techniques. An Antibiogram of isolates from seafood and stool samples was assayed. Genes for virulence, resistance, and relatedness of bacteria identified were also determined. The isolates from the stool and seafood were examined for susceptibility to some selected antibiotics. The findings showed the prevalence rate of cholera in the communities as follows: 16% in Kaa, 30% in Andoni, 4% in Ogu/Bolo, and 10% in Abua/Odual. The isolates from stool were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin with a susceptibility rate of 94.12% each while 100% resistance was recorded against Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 94.12% against Amikacin and 88.24% against Colistin. For the sea foods, the isolates were susceptible to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin with a susceptibility rate of 91.43% and 82.86% respectively. Resistance was also recorded against Colistin (88.57%) and Azithromycin (82.86%). Testing the isolates for the presence of 16SrRNA genes showed that all were positive with 1500 bp 16SrRNA gene band size. TEM, OXA, SHV, and CTX-M resistant genes were detected whereas the virulence genes were TDH and AcrB. The phylogenetic analysis revealed isolates from seafood to be Aeromonas dhakensis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio azureus, and Providencia rettgeri, while in stool samples they were Enterobacter sichuanensis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Providencia sneebia, and Proteus vulgaris. Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were common isolates from both seafood and stool samples. This study has shown that not all reported cases of

关键词： Cholera Antibiogram Genomics Phylogeny Virulence Coastal

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Prevalence and Antibiogram study of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in poultry meat

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第2期3卷 163-168页

作者： Ali Akbar Anil Kumar Anal Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology School of EnvironmentRecourses and DevelopmentAsian Institute of Technology Faculty of Life Science Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Balochistan Quetta

Objective:To evaluate the presence and Antibiogram pattern of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)in retail poultry meat products.Methods:Foodborne pathogens(Salmonella and S.aureus)were isolated from poultry meat and confirmed with the help of biochemical and immunological test.Antibiogram of the isolates were examined by following CLS1 methods.Results:A total number of 209 poultry meat samples were collected and studied in this study.Out of which,5.26%were found contaminated with Salmonella while 18.18%were found contaminated with S.aureus.All the Salmonella and S.aureus isolates were found resistant to at least one antibiotic.About 72.72%of the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to tetracycline,while S.aureus isolates were also found highly resistant to tetracycline equal to 44.73%.One of the Salmonella isolates showed multi-drug resistance to almost six antibiotics out of nine antibiotics used in the study.Multidrug resistant S.aureus isolates were also found in the study.Conclusions:The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella and S.aureus in retail poultry meat.It is a potential threat to consumer health.To reduce the risk of contamination,good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage.

关键词： Antibiogram Salmonella Staphylococcus aureus Food safety Poultry meat

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Molecular characteristics,Antibiogram and prevalence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) isolated from milk obtained from culled dairy cows and from cows with acute clinical mastitis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第8期7卷 694-697页

作者： Zuhair Bani Ismail Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan

Objectives: To study the molecular characteristics, Antibiogram and prevalence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)(MDRSA) isolated from milk obtained from culled dairy cows and from cows with acute clinical mastitis.Methods: Bacteria were cultured from 188 quarter milk samples obtained from cows before culling(n=139) and from cows affected with acute mastitis(n=49) belonging to 10 dairy farms. The bacteria were identified using colony moiphology, Gram staining and biochemical characteristics. S. aureus isolates were then subjected to molecular characterization using PCR targeting 16 S rRNA and mecA gene to identify Methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA). The Antibiogram of all isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 10 commonly used antibiotics in dairy farms.Results: S. aureus was isolated from 19(13.7%) samples obtained from culled cows and 11(22.4%) samples obtained from cows with acute mastitis. In both culled cows and cows with acute mastitis, in vitro Antibiogram revealed that 100% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to erythromycin, penicillin G, streptomycin, doxycyclin, and trimethoprim/sulpha. The prevalence of MRSA in milk of culled cows and cows with acute mastitis was 26.3% and 18.2%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 3.7% among all samples. All MRSA isolates were completely resistant to all tested antibiotics. All MRSA isolates were positive for the presence of the mecA gene.Conclusions: MRSA carrying the mecA gene were isolated from mastitic milk from dairy cows in Jordan for the first time. MRSA may pose a potential health risk to the public, farm workers and veterinarians.

关键词： Antibiogram 乳腺炎病原体奶店奶牛多药抵抗

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Characterization, prevalence and Antibiogram study of Staphylococcus aureus in poultry

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第3期7卷 253-256页

作者： Yeasmeen Ali Md.Ashraful Islam Nazmul Hasan Muzahid Mohd.Omar Faruk Sikder Md.Amzad Hossain Lolo Wal Marzan Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology University of Chittagong Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

Objective: To reveal the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)(MRSA) in poultry samples and to determine the Antibiogram pattern against five antibiotics.Methods: Samples from different poultry farm of Chittagong city, Bangladesh were examined for S. aureus by different biochemical tests and confirmed as MRSA by identifying the presence of mec A gene using PCR. Antibiotic resistance pattern in S. aureus was determined by antibiotic disk diffusion method.Results: In this study, a total of 60 samples(30 from nasal swabs and 30 from cloacal swabs) were used, of which 54 were confirmed as S. aureus by different biochemical tests. Among these, 12 were confirmed as MRSA by detecting mec A gene using PCR.During Antibiogram study, both nasal and cloacal samples showed the highest resistance against penicillin-G and the lowest resistance was observed against neomycin.Conclusions: Based on the present study, it can be said that different antibiotics are used extensively in poultry that leads to MRSA and is alarming for human health.

关键词： Antibiogram Zoonotic transmission Swab mecA gene Opportunistic fungus

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Serotypes, Antibiogram and Genetic Relatedness of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections at Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第8期8卷 625-638页

作者： Shaymaa H. Abdel-Rhman Dina E. Rizk Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Taibah University AlMadinah Al Munawwarah KSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that represents a major problem in many hospitals because of its increased resistance to antibiotics and the ability to cause nosocomial infections. The present study aimed to phenotype and genotype isolates of P. aeruginosa from inpatients with UTIs at Urology and Nephrology center, Mansoura, Egypt to study their relatedness. Methods: Thirty nine isolates of P. aeruginosa were phenotypically typed by determination of O-serotypes by slide agglutination technique and antimicrobial resistance patterns by disk-diffusion method. The genetic diversity of isolates was illustrated by performing RAPD-PCR using M13 primer. Results: Serotypes O11, O6 and O10 were the most prevalent. Isolates showed high resistance rates to antipseudmonal antibiotics with high incidence (51.3%) of multidrug resistance (MDR). Amikacin was the most effective. A significant correlation was found between O6, O10 and MDR. A relatively high polymorphism was demonstrated among P. aeruginosa isolates by using RAPD-M13 fingerprinting. Cross transmission was suggested by phenotypically and clonally identical isolates. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the role of combining both classical and molecular typing as a valuable mean to study the origin and cross transmission of P. aeruginosa in UTIs for better assessment of treatment and infection control.

关键词： P. aeruginosa O-Serotype Antibiogram RAPD-M13 Fingerprint

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Aeromonas veronii isolated from climbing perch(Anabas testudineus)suffering from epizootic ulcerative syndrome(EUS)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第3期8卷 288-295页

作者： Rakib Ehsan Ashikur Rahman Sulav Indra Paul Md.Ali Arman Ador Md.Shameul Haque Tasmina Akter Md.Mahbubur Rahman Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur1706Bangladesh Department of Fisheries Management Faculty of FisheriesBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur1706Bangladesh

Motile Aeromonads are responsible for various diseases in fishes that cause significant economic losses in aquaculture.Aeromonas spp.are also frequently isolated from fish suffering from Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome(EUS).The present study was conducted to isolate and identify A.veronii from Vietnam climbing perch(Anabas testudineus)suffering from EUS,evaluate the pathogenicity of the isolates,and find out Antibiogram profile and susceptibility of the isolates to medicinal plant extracts.Vietnam climbing perch(A.testudineus)suffering from EUS was collected from fish farms located at Savar,Dhaka and bacteria were isolated from the external ulcerative lesion,and kidney and liver of the infected fish on nutrient agar plates.Preliminary phenotypic identification of the bacterial isolates was performed following morphological,physiological and biochemical characterization tests.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was accomplished for further molecular identification of five selected isolates.To evaluate the pathogenicity of the isolates in vivo artificial infection challenge test was conducted through immersion method.Another in vivo pathogenicity test was done at three different temperatures(18◦C,28◦C,and 37◦C)to examine the effects of temperature on the pathogenicity of the isolates.Ten commercial antibiotics were used to find out the Antibiogram profile of the isolates.Finally,susceptibility of the isolates was screened against 19 medicinal plants extracts.A total of 38 out of 46 isolates isolated from Vietnam climbing perch(A.testudineus)suffering from EUS were phenotypically identified as Aeromonas sp.Five randomly selected isolates were further confirmed as A.veronii by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene sequence homology.The pathogenicity of the isolates was found moderate to high(41%-80%mortality)in the artificially challenged fish.The highest and lowest mortality was obtained in the fish challenged with the isolates BFKA33 and BFKA12,respectively.The isolates were found resistant to several antibiotics,including amoxicilli

关键词： Aeromonas veronii Anabas testudineus,Epizootic ulcerative syndrome Antibiogram Medicinal plant extracts

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Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens contamination in poultry feed ingredients:Isolation, identification and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 309-312页

作者： Shanmugasundaram Udhayavel Gopalakrishnamurthy Thippichettypalayam Ramasamy Vasudevan Gowthaman Shanmugasamy Malmarugan Kandasamy Senthilvel Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory Veterinary College and Research Institute CampusTamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Department of Veterinary Microbiology Veterinary College and Research InstituteTamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

This work has been undertaken to study the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens contamination in the poultry feed ingredients and find out its in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern to various antimicrobial drugs. Two hundred and ninety-eight poultry feed ingredient samples received at Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu in South India were screened for the presence of C. perfringens. The organisms were isolated in Perfringens agar under anaerobic condition and subjected to standard biochemical tests for confirmation. In vitro Antibiogram assay has been carried out to determine the sensitivity pattern of the isolates to various antimicrobial drugs. One hundred and one isolates of C. perfringens were obtained from a total of 298 poultry feed ingredient samples. Overall positivity of 33.89% could be made from the poultry feed ingredients. Highest level of C. perfringens contamination was detected in fish meal followed by bone meal, meat and bone meal and dry fish.Antibiogram assay indicated that the organisms are highly sensitive to gentamicin(100%), chlortetracycline(96.67%), gatifloxacin(93.33%), ciprofloxacin(86.67%), ofloxacin(86.67%) and lincomycin(86.67%). All the isolates were resistant to penicillin-G. Feed ingredients rich in animal proteins are the major source of C. perfringens contamination.

关键词： Poultry feed ingredients Contamination Clostridium perfringens Isolation Identification Antibiogram

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Tracheostomy colonisation and microbiological isolates of patients in intensive care units-a retrospective study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020年第1期6卷 49-52页

作者： Segana Hasan Abdul Cader Fahim Ahmed Shah S.K.G.Reghunandanan Nair Department of ENT Sur HospitalSouth Sharqiya RegionSurSultanate of Oman

Objective: To find out the type of bacteria colonising the tracheostomy tube and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and resistance in patients who have had tracheostomy in intensive care unit (ICU) set up and to initiate proper empirical treatment in such patients. Methods: The study was a retrospective review of patients who underwent tracheostomy at Ministry of Health, Sur Hospital, Oman January 2005 and December 2015. The Hospital has 4 bedded pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 10 bedded adult ICU which is headed by consultant anaesthetists, consultant physicians, ICU trained nurses and respiratory therapists. All patients who required mechanical ventilation and were therefore subject to an orotracheal intubation and those who underwent a conventional tracheostomy were considered for inclusion. Patients who had been intubated in other hospitals or ICUs, other airways infection issues were excluded from this study. Data’s were collected from computer based hospital management system, operation theatre and registers in Medical records department and entered in a preformed questionnaire before thorough analysis. The specimens for swab was obtained from the cut tracheostomy tube tips and the samples were sent to microbiology laboratory for isolation of the organism and obtain an Antibiogram to know the susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 16, Chicago, Inc) and the values are reported as number (%). The commonest isolated organism wasPseudomonas followed byAcinetobacter. Results: During the ten year retrospective study, there were 108 patients included in our study with 56 males and 51 females. Fourteen different microorganisms were isolated during our study which includedPseudomonas aeruginosa (n= 39),Acinetobacter baumanii (n= 28),Klebsiella (n= 10) and coagulase negative staphylococcus (n= 6). The most commonest organisms in both genders wasPseudomonas aeruginosa closely followed byAcinetobacter baumanii. In

关键词： Tracheostomy Intubation Antibiogram Antibiotics

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp.in raw retail frozen imported freshwater fish to Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第3期4卷 234-238页

作者： Nasreldin Elhadi Department of Clinical Laboratory Science College of Applied Medical SciencesUniversity of DammamP.O.Box 243531441 Dammam.Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Objective:To determine the proportion of imported frozen fish contaminated with Salmonella among retail food stores and supermarkets in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods:A total of 223 frozen freshwater fish purchased from different supermarkets and grocery stores were analyzed for the presence of foodborne pathogen Salmonella.The isolation of Salmonella was determined and confirmed by using the methods of US Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual.CHROMagar Salmonella plus,biochemical tests and API 20E strips.Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar,as described by Kirby-Bauer.in accordance with the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results:Out of the total 223 fish samples(20 of catfish,18 of carfu,20 of mirgal,25 of milkfish,35 of mackerel,75 of tilapia,and 30 of rohu),89(39.9%)were tested positive for Salmonella.The prevalence of positive samples were reported for the freshwater fish of pangas(60.0%,n=12),carfu(27.7%,n=5),mirgal(35.0%,n=7),milkfish(52.0%,n=13),mackerel(31.4%,n=11),tilapia imported from Thailand(64.0%,n=16),tilapia imported from India(28.0%,n=14),rohu imported from Thailand(26.6%,n=4)and rohu imported from Myanmar(46.6%,n=7).A total of 140 isolates of Salmonella spp.were yielded from at least seven different types of frozen freshwater fish imported from 5 different countries and were tested for their susceptibility to 16 selected antimicrobial agents.The highest antibiotic resistance was observed to tetracycline(90.71%)followed by ampicillin(70%)and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid(45%).Conclusions:The obtained results of this study shows that these raw retail imported frozen freshwater fish are contaminated with potentially pathogenic Salmonella spp.And the study recommend and suggest that there is a need for adequate consumer measures.

关键词： Salmonella Antibiogram Frozen fish Food safety

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Occurrence of Typhoidal and Non-Typhoidal Salmonellae among Poultry Workers in the Southern, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019年第4期9卷 201-214页

作者： Etanguno Effiong Owowo Veronica J. Umoh Iquo Effiong Okon Department of Microbiology Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU) Mkpat Enin Nigeria Health Initiative for Stability & Safety in Africa (HIFASS) Uyo Nigeria

Typhoid fever and non-typhoidal salmonellosis remain endemic in most developing countries with large scale transmission through contaminated food and drinking water. Since the early 2000s, poultry has also been found to be a common food source for Salmonella enteritidis infections. A total of 500 blood, stool, cloaca swab and egg shell swab specimens were collected respectively from poultry, non-poultry workers and birds in Akwa Ibom State and screened for Salmonella species using standard cultural and serological techniques. The overall prevalence rate was 117 (23.4%). Salmonella species were distributed in all the three senatorial districts of the State, percentage distribution of Salmonella isolates was 42 (25%) for Uyo, 35 (20.8%) for Eket and 40 (23.8%) were isolated from Ikot Ekpene senatorial districts. Out of 372 human subjects screened 77 (20.7%) were positive and 38 (20.4%) were isolated from non-poultry workers while 39 (21.0%) were isolated from poultry Staff in the three senatorial districts. Out of 128 samples of poultry products analysed 40 (31.3%) were isolated. 23 (18%) were isolated from cloaca swabs while 17 (13.3%) were isolated from egg shell swabs. In this study, all the serological significant Typhoid fever cases were confirmed by blood culture. According to sero-grouping and source of sample collection 23.9% S. typhi was isolated from human followed by S. paratyphi A (20.5%) while S. enteritidis and S. gallinarum (19.7%). Among poultry products S. gallinarum, S. enteritidis, S, pullorum, S. paratyphi A, and S. typhimurium were isolated from bird Cloaca swab and Egg shell swab. Salmonella pullorum and S. typhi were not isolated from human and poultry respectively. High prevalence of Salmonella serovars such as S. gallinarium, S. typhi, S. Typhimurium and S. enteritidis with regular consumption of poultry and eggs without proper disinfection and appropriate boiling represent a serious public health risk in Akwa Ibom State. Demographic data obtained in this study showed that majority of the p

关键词： Poultry Salmonella Poultry Workers Antibiogram

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