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An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第3期9卷 228-239页

作者： Katharina Gatterer Matthias Gumpenberger Marie Overbye Bernhard Streicher Wolfgang Schobersberger Cornelia Blank Institute of Sports Medicine Alpine Medicine&Health TourismPrivate University for Health SciencesMedical Informatics and TechnologyHall in TirolTyrol 6060Austria Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport University of StirlingStirling FK94LAUK Institute of Psychology Private University for Health SciencesMedical Informatics and TechnologyHall in TirolTyrol 6060Austria Tirol Clinics(Tirol-Kliniken) Tyrol 6020Austria

Background: One main purpose of the World anti-doping Agency was to harmonize anti-doping efforts, including the provision of anti-doping education. A multifaceted approach to doping prevention can play a key role in preventing intentional and unintentional doping. This article aimed to systematically record and evaluate doping prevention approaches in the form of information and education activities of national antidoping organizations(NADOs) and assess the extent to which a multifaceted doping prevention approach has been ***: Data on anti-doping information and education activities of 53 NADOs were collected via a survey and an online search of the NADOs' websites. Prevention activities were classified into knowledge focused, affective focused, social skills, life skills, and ethic-and *** implementation of the prevention activities was assessed by 4 independent raters using a modified visual analogue ***: In total, 59% of the NADOs(n = 38) returned the survey and 70%(n = 45) had information available online. The data were combined for the visual analogue scale assessment. Overall, 58% of the NADOs(n = 37) reported offering activities including elements of all 5 *** of the raters' assessments indicated that the knowledge-focused approach was best implemented;the implementation of the other 4 approaches was largely unsatisfactory. The most common barriers to implementing doping prevention programs reported by the NADOs were lack of resources(n = 26) and difficulties in collaborating with sports organizations(n = 8).Conclusion: Results show a discrepancy between NADOs' self-report data and the implementation assessment. Even though the NADOs indicated otherwise, most of their education-based approaches did not address aspects of the visual analogue scale(e.g., resisting peer pressure) and only a few programs were ongoing. Possible explanations might be found in the reported barriers(e.g., financial). Concrete guideli

关键词： anti-doping program doping prevention Education Harmonization NADO

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Substance Identification in anti-doping Control by Means of Mass Spectrometry. Data Reduction and Decision Criteria

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2011年第2期1卷 19-24页

作者： Mats Larsson 不详

A real doping case for which the national-level reviewing body deemed it probable that a misidentification of the national-level athlete’s sample occurred at the WADA accredited laboratory, thus making the athlete in this case strictly anonymous, is used to discuss criteria for data reduction and tolerance windows in GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Stricter criteria for data reduction would remedy the present ambiguities.

关键词： Substance Identification anti-doping Mass Spectrometry Data Reduction

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Human Rights Protection in anti-doping Governance

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The Journal of Human Rights 2021年第6期20卷 924-942页

作者：姜涛 HU Genfu(译) the Sports Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law 不详

It has become a worldwide consensus to oppose doping in *** its establishment in 1999,the World anti-doping Agency has made unremitting efforts over the past 20-plus years and established an anti-doping governance system with global influence and high *** whether this governance system seeks to realize human rights while maintaining order value is a proposition that attracts more *** in-depth examination of the anti-doping system shows that the pursuit and protection of human rights values are also an essential basis for the legitimacy of its *** the operational level,all aspects of anti-doping governance,including inspections,testing,investigations,and exemptions for therapeutic use,are related to human rights *** current rule system based on the World anti-doping Code also covers these ***’s anti-doping cause has made comprehensive progress in recent years in that it meets the general requirements of the world’s anti-doping governance and has made institutional innovations in many aspects,contributing Chinese wisdom and experience to the protection of human rights in this regard.

关键词： anti-doping micro-governance athlete rights human rights increment

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The anti-doping policy in Chinese sport

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青春岁月 2018年第5期 222-224页

作者：王珏

To a sizeable extent,the doping problem could be argued that it is an international matter of the sport context,so it is necessary to focus on the anti-doping policy and other ethical *** to the doping problem,also is a healthy issue,the consequences of doping have to been seen from a individual healthy perspective(Dunn et al.,2010).

关键词： sport anti-doping policy china bilateral collaboration

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Foodborne doping and supervision in sports

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第6期12卷 1925-1936页

作者： Wei Chen Xiaoyu Cheng Yingnan Ma Ning Chen College of Physical Education Wuhan Sports UniversityWuhan 430079China Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and MonitoringCollege of Health ScienceWuhan Sports UniversityWuhan 430079China

Cases of foodborne doping are frequently reported in sports events and can cause severe consequences for *** foodborne doping can be divided into natural endogenous and artifi cially added foods according to the sources,including anabolic agents,stimulants,diuretics,β-blockers,β2 agonists and *** order to control foodborne doping,chromatographic technique,immunoassay,nuclear magnetic resonance,biosensor technology,pyrolytic spectroscopy,comprehensive analysis and electrochemical analysis have usually used as analytical and inspection ***,the legislation of anti-doping,the improvement of testing standard and technology,and the prevention and control of food safety,as well as the improvement of risk perception of athletes are highly necessary for achieving the effective risk control and supervision of foodborne doping,which will be benefi cial for athletes,doctors and administrators to avoid the risks of foodborne doping test and reduce foodborne doping risks for the health of athletes.

关键词： Foodborne doping doping control Athletes anti-doping Supervision

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Analysis of doping control test results in individual and team sports from 2003 to 2015

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第2期9卷 160-169页

作者： Millan Aguilar-Navarro Jesus Munoz-Guerra Maria del Mar Plara Juan Del Cosoa Exercise Physiology Laboratory Camilo Jose Cela UniversityMadrid28692Spain Faculty of Education Francisco de Vitoria UniversityMadrid28223Spain Department for doping Control Spanish Agency for Health Protection in SportMadrid28016Spain Department of Education Spanish Agency for Health Protection in SportMadrid28016Spain

Background:Determining the prevalence of doping in sport might be useful for anti-doping authorities to gauge the effectiveness of anti-doping policies implemented to prevent positive attitudes toward *** questionnaires and personal interviews,previous investigations have found that the prevalence of doping might be different among different sports disciplines;however,there is no sport-specific information about the proportion of adverse and atypical findings(AAF) in samples used for doping *** aim of the present investigation was to assess the differences in the frequency of adverse analytical and atypical findings among sports using the data made available by the World anti-doping ***:The data included in this investigation were gathered from the Testing Figures Reports made available annually from 2003 to 2015 by the World anti-doping *** Testing Figures Reports include information about the number of samples analyzed,the number of AAFs reported,and the most commonly found drugs in the urine and blood samples analyzed.A total of 1,347,213 samples were analyzed from the individual sports selected for this investigation,and 698,371 samples were analyzed for disciplines catalogued as team ***:In individual sports,the highest proportions of AAF were 3.3%±1.0% in cycling,3.0%±0.6% in weightlifting,and 2.9%±0.6% in *** team sports,the highest proportions of AAF were 2.2%±0.5% in ice hockey,2.0%±0.5% in rugby,and 2.0%±0.5% in *** and skating had the lowest proportions at(≤1.0%) for individual sports,and field hockey,volleyball and football had the lowest proportions for team sports(≤1.4%).Conclusion:As suggested by the analysis,the incidence of AAF was not uniform across all sports disciplines,with the different proportions pointing to an uneven use of banned substances depending on the *** information might be useful for increasing the strength and efficacy of anti-doping policies in those s

关键词： anti-doping Attitude Banned drugs Elite athlete Type of sport

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从信赖到怀疑：世界反兴奋剂体系对科学的法律控制

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体育 2017年第3期 29-36页

作者：熊英灼宋彬龄

建立在对兴奋剂检测科学充分信赖基础上的世界反兴奋剂体系，随着反兴奋剂形势和检测科学的复杂化，暴露出来的问题越来越多。反兴奋剂规则近年来通过加强报告阳性检测结果前的调查程序、放开对检测方法和检测决定限的司法审查、重视兴... 详细信息

建立在对兴奋剂检测科学充分信赖基础上的世界反兴奋剂体系，随着反兴奋剂形势和检测科学的复杂化，暴露出来的问题越来越多。反兴奋剂规则近年来通过加强报告阳性检测结果前的调查程序、放开对检测方法和检测决定限的司法审查、重视兴奋剂调查的作用等措施，来强化对兴奋剂检测科学的控制。但在一些关键性的问题上，现在的反兴奋剂规则依然没有突破传统的法律思维，通过基于对兴奋剂检测科学充分信赖的逃避机制、协调机制、管控机制来解决科学困境，在出现事实不清、真伪不明的状态下，会做出对运动员不利的推定。这对运动员并不公平，有必要采取措施消减因科学信赖给运动员造成的不利影响。随着阳性检测结果的证明力的下降，被指控兴奋剂违纪的清白的运动员，也应积极地采取各种措施，从科学上应对不利指控。

关键词：兴奋剂科学法律 WADC 兴奋剂检测 anti-doping science law WADC doping control

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Critical Assessment of the Current WADA Approach for the Detection of 4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosteron

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2016年第4期6卷 65-82页

作者： Arthur T. Kopylov Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Moscow Russia

This paper is focused on application of method for detection of novel metabolites of 4-chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (known as oral turinabol, OT), which were postulated as long-term metabolites. The method started to be applied without rigorous validation, verification and excretion assay assisted as evidences for existence of the declared detectable compounds as true metabolites derived after OT biotransformation. This method has been started to use almost in its original form which arose in 2012 year for the very first time and never been revised and re-confirmed in peer-reviewed journals. Usually WADA encourages accredited laboratories to publish their results of methods development, validation and specific excretion studies in peer-reviewed journals. However, an incorrect method with neglected validation design and implicit data contradictions is currently widely applied. The author of this presented paper was athletes’ representative on repeated occasion and has been provided with several full documentation packages of OT novel metabolites analysis. Thus, the author makes its own conclusion based on its own evidences of that currently employed method and data analysis is exactly the same declared in a wrong way as emerged from the original paper.

关键词： anti-doping Mass Spectrometry Substance Identification Data Analysis 4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone Turinabol

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世界反兴奋剂机构诉孙杨案法律解读

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体育 2020年第4期

作者：韩勇

孙杨拒检案经过国际泳联和国际体育仲裁院两次听证，成为国际反兴奋剂领域的经典案例。本文回顾了案件的基本情况，对案件在国际泳联和国际体育仲裁院的两次听证中运动员、国际泳联、国际泳联听证专家组、国际反兴奋剂机构的观点进行了... 详细信息

孙杨拒检案经过国际泳联和国际体育仲裁院两次听证，成为国际反兴奋剂领域的经典案例。本文回顾了案件的基本情况，对案件在国际泳联和国际体育仲裁院的两次听证中运动员、国际泳联、国际泳联听证专家组、国际反兴奋剂机构的观点进行了梳理，并对其中的重要问题进行了分析。运动员必须明确了解自己是被谁检查的，参加样本收集活动的每位官员都应经过样本收集机构适当培训、任命和授权。反兴奋剂规则不仅仅规范运动员，也规范体育组织，对运动员的严格要求同样适用于体育组织。兴奋剂处罚有类刑罚性，规则不够清晰导致争议的时候，应该仿照刑事处罚“存疑有利于被告人”原则，立法不明导致解释不清的后果不应由运动员承担。虽然客观困难存在，但既然反对在体育中使用兴奋剂是奥林匹克大家庭的选择，那么体育组织就必须为此政策买单，外包兴奋剂检查并非最佳选择。

关键词：世界反兴奋剂机构反兴奋剂运动员权利程序公正体育法 WADA anti-doping sportspersons right due process sports law

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基于“孙杨案”对依法推进我国体育治理现代化的几点思考

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体育 2020年第11期

作者：于善旭

“孙杨案”受到社会各界的普遍关注，特别是引发了相关体育法律问题的广泛热议，投射出新时代以来我国不断推进国家治理现代化、法治化的社会背景与需求。因而，有必要将其置于我国体育治理现代化、法治化的大局中进行考量，总结分析经... 详细信息

“孙杨案”受到社会各界的普遍关注，特别是引发了相关体育法律问题的广泛热议，投射出新时代以来我国不断推进国家治理现代化、法治化的社会背景与需求。因而，有必要将其置于我国体育治理现代化、法治化的大局中进行考量，总结分析经验教训，以获取更多的有益启示。根据党的十九届四中全会重要决定的精神和要求，结合“孙杨案”的有关分析，从推动我国体育的依法治理和国际融入、发挥制度安排与有组织推进的优势作用、加强法律资源配置和体育法律专业人才建设、重视运动员法律素养和体育队伍依法治理能力培养、加快建设我国仲裁解决体育纠纷的制度平台、参与和推进国际体育的依法治理等方面，进行有关思考和探讨。

关键词： “孙杨案” 国际体育仲裁反兴奋剂体育现代治理体育法治 Sun Yang's Arbitration Case court of arbitration for sports anti-doping modernized sports governance sports governance by law

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