An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations

作     者：Katharina Gatterer Matthias Gumpenberger Marie Overbye Bernhard Streicher Wolfgang Schobersberger Cornelia Blank Katharina Gatterer;Matthias Gumpenberger;Marie Overbye;Bernhard Streicher;Wolfgang Schobersberger;Cornelia Blank

作者机构：Institute of Sports MedicineAlpine Medicine&Health TourismPrivate University for Health SciencesMedical Informatics and TechnologyHall in TirolTyrol 6060Austria Faculty of Health Sciences and SportUniversity of StirlingStirling FK94LAUK Institute of PsychologyPrivate University for Health SciencesMedical Informatics and TechnologyHall in TirolTyrol 6060Austria Tirol Clinics(Tirol-Kliniken)Tyrol 6020Austria 

出 版 物：《Journal of Sport and Health Science》 (运动与健康科学（英文）)

年 卷 期：2020年第9卷第3期

页      面：228-239页

核心收录：

学科分类：0403[教育学-体育学] 01[哲学] 0101[哲学-哲学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 010105[哲学-伦理学] 1010[医学-医学技术（可授医学、理学学位）] 100216[医学-运动医学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：part of a project supported by the International Olympic Committee 2016 Anti-Doping Research Fund 

主　　题：Anti-doping program Doping prevention Education Harmonization NADO 

摘      要：Background: One main purpose of the World Anti-Doping Agency was to harmonize anti-doping efforts, including the provision of anti-doping education. A multifaceted approach to doping prevention can play a key role in preventing intentional and unintentional doping. This article aimed to systematically record and evaluate doping prevention approaches in the form of information and education activities of national antidoping organizations(NADOs) and assess the extent to which a multifaceted doping prevention approach has been ***: Data on anti-doping information and education activities of 53 NADOs were collected via a survey and an online search of the NADOs websites. Prevention activities were classified into knowledge focused, affective focused, social skills, life skills, and ethic-and *** implementation of the prevention activities was assessed by 4 independent raters using a modified visual analogue ***: In total, 59% of the NADOs(n = 38) returned the survey and 70%(n = 45) had information available online. The data were combined for the visual analogue scale assessment. Overall, 58% of the NADOs(n = 37) reported offering activities including elements of all 5 *** of the raters assessments indicated that the knowledge-focused approach was best implemented;the implementation of the other 4 approaches was largely unsatisfactory. The most common barriers to implementing doping prevention programs reported by the NADOs were lack of resources(n = 26) and difficulties in collaborating with sports organizations(n = 8).Conclusion: Results show a discrepancy between NADOs self-report data and the implementation assessment. Even though the NADOs indicated otherwise, most of their education-based approaches did not address aspects of the visual analogue scale(e.g., resisting peer pressure) and only a few programs were ongoing. Possible explanations might be found in the reported barriers(e.g., financial). Concrete guideli