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Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis--8 PLADs,China,October 2012–March 2014

China CDC weekly 2020年第50期2卷 955-961页

作者： Ning Wen Fang Fang Wenbo Xu Huaqing Wang Yong Zhang Qiru Su Yao Liu Haibo Wang Shuangli Zhu Xiaoxiao Zhang Wenzhou Yu Dongmei Yan Zhenguo Zhang Qiu Tan Fubao Ma Aihu Dong Yu Liu Keli Li Li Zheng Lixin Hao Dongyan Wang Chunxiang Fan Wendi Wu Huiming Luo Aiqiang Xu Weizhong Yang Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina Department of Neurology Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Shenzhen Children’s Hospital ShenzhenGuangdongChina Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Academy of Preventive MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShangdongChina Clinical Research Institute Peking UniversityBeijingChina Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention JinanHenanChina Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShijiazhuangHebeiChina Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention GuangzhouGuangdongChina Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention NanjingJiangsuChina Guangxi Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control NanningGuangxiChina Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control ChengduSichuanChina Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control WuhanHubeiChina

Introduction:Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious,seasonal viral disease caused by any of three poliovirus(PV)serotypes(types 1,2,or 3).Oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)on rare occasions causes vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis(VAPP)in recipients of OPV and close contacts of recently vaccinated *** study describes the epidemiology of VAPP when an all OPV schedule was used in the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI).Methods:VAPP cases were identified using standardized diagnostic criteria from data reported by 8 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)to the National Acute Flaccid Paralysis(AFP)Surveillance System in an 18-month period between October 2012 and March ***:During this period,28 VAPP cases were *** the number of births as a denominator,the estimated incidence of VAPP was 2.47 cases per million *** the number of OPV doses administered through routine immunization,the VAPP incidence was 0.55 cases per million *** vaccine-recipient VAPP cases,22(85%)were associated with the first dose of OPV;3 were associated with the second OPV *** relative risk of VAPP following the first dose compared with the second dose was *** and Implications for Public Health Practice:The per-dose and per-child incidences of VAPP were consistent with incidence estimates by the World Health Organization(WHO).The vast majority(85%)of VAPP in China was associated with the first dose of OPV in an all-OPV *** inactivated polio vaccine(IPV)is known to prevent VAPP from subsequent doses of OPV in immunocompetent children,this association provided strong evidence for using an IPV-first,sequential IPVOPV polio vaccination schedule in China during the globally-synchronized cessation of type 2 OPV and introduction of IPV in 2016.

关键词： doses epidemiology routine

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Complete characterization of ultrashort optical pulses with a phase-shifting wedged reversal shearing interferometer

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 755-765页

作者： billy Lam Chunlei Guo The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences130033 ChangchunChina

The ability of an interferometer to characterize the spatial information of a light beam is often limited by the temporal profile of the beam,with femtosecond pulse characterization being particularly *** this study,we developed a simple,stable,controllable shearing and vectorial phase-shifting wedged reversal shearing interferometer that is able to characterize all types of coherent and partially coherent light *** proposed interferometer consists of only a single beam splitter cube with one wedged entrance face and is insensitive to environmental vibration due to its common path configuration.A near zero-path length difference of the proposed interferometer ensures its operation for ultrashort pulses,providing,for the first time,a simple and stable interferometric tool to fully characterize sub-100 fs laser *** common beam characterization can be carried out with the interferometer,such as the amplitude,phase,polarization,wavelength,and pulse ***,this technique is sensitive to the wavefront tilt and can be used for precise beam ***,this interferometer can be an essential tool for beam characterization,optical imaging,and the testing required for a wide range of applications,including astronomy,biomedicine,ophthalmology,optical testing and imaging systems,and adaptive optics.

关键词： interferometer ultrashort shearing

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Simulation of Automatically Annotated Visible and Multi-/Hyperspectral Images Using the Helios 3D Plant and Radiative Transfer Modeling Framework

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第3期6卷 579-594页

作者： Tong Lei Jan Graefe Ismael K.Mayanja Mason Earles Brian N.Bailey Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V.(IGZ) GroßbeerenGermany Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of Viticulture and Enology University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Deep learning and multimodal remote and proximal sensing are widely used for analyzing plant and crop traits,but many of these deep learning models are supervised and necessitate reference datasets with image *** these datasets often demands experiments that are both labor-intensive and ***,extracting traits from remote sensing data beyond simple geometric features remains a *** address these challenges,we proposed a radiative transfer modeling framework based on the Helios 3-dimensional(3D)plant modeling software designed for plant remote and proximal sensing image *** framework has the capability to simulate RGB,multi-/hyperspectral,thermal,and depth cameras,and produce associated plant images with fully resolved reference labels such as plant physical traits,leaf chemical concentrations,and leaf physiological *** offers a simulated environment that enables generation of 3D geometric models of plants and soil with random variation,and specification or simulation of their properties and *** approach differs from traditional computer graphics rendering by explicitly modeling radiation transfer physics,which provides a critical link to underlying plant biophysical *** indicate that the framework is capable of generating high-quality,labeled synthetic plant images under given lighting scenarios,which can lessen or remove the need for manually collected and annotated *** example applications are presented that demonstrate the feasibility of using the model to enable unsupervised learning by training deep learning models exclusively with simulated images and performing prediction tasks using real images.

关键词： framework simulation helios modeling plant annotated automatically hyperspectral images

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Physical Activity and Different Recommendations Associated with the Dynamic Trajectory of Cardiometabolic Diseases-UK,2006-2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第51期4卷 1154-1160,I0001-I0004页

作者： Lan Chen Miao Cai Hongtao Zou Shiyu Zhang Xiaojie Wang Haitao Li Hualiang Lin Zilong Zhang Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management Health Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina

What is already known about this topic?Previous studies have illustrated the benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic multimorbidity(CMM),while limited studies have concentrated on the trajectory of CMM *** is added by this report?Through multi-stage regression analysis,we found that physical activity could reduce the risk of CMM *** initially free of cardiometabolic diseases(CMDs)may benefit more from engaging in recommended physical *** are the implications for public health practice?Adults,especially those initially free of CMDs,should engage in WHO-recommended physical activity as early as possible to prevent CMD incidence and further progression.

关键词： CMD CMM Dynamic

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Control measures during the COVID-19 outbreak reduced the transmission of hand,foot,and mouth disease

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第2期2卷 63-68页

作者： Yan Niu Li Luo Jia Rui Shiting Yang Bin Deng Zeyu Zhao Shengnan Lin Jingwen Xu Yuanzhao Zhu Yao Wang Meng Yang Xingchun Liu Tianlong Yang Weikang Liu Peihua Li Zhuoyang Li Chan Liu Jiefeng Huang Tianmu Chen Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing102206China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102China

Control measures during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak may have limited the spread of infectious *** study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the spread of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in China.A mathematical model was established to fit the reported data of HFMD in six selected cities in China's Mainland from 2015 to *** absolute difference(AD)and relative difference(RD)between the reported incidence in 2020,and simulated maximum,minimum,or median incidence of HFMD in 2015-2019 were *** incidence and R effof HFMD have decreased in six selected cities since the outbreak of COVID-19,and in the second half of 2020,the incidence and R effof HFMD have *** results show that the total attack rate(TAR)in 2020 was lower than the maximum,minimum,and median TAR fitted in previous years in six selected cities(except Changsha City).For the maximum,median,minimum fitted TAR,the range of RD(%)is 42·20-99·20%,36·35-98·41%48·35-96·23%(except Changsha City)*** preventive and control measures of COVID-19 have significantly contributed to the containment of HFMD transmission.

关键词： HFMD Transmissibility COVID-19 Effective reproduction number Mathematical model

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Accumulation of mutations in genes associated with sexual reproduction contributed to the domestication of a vegetatively propagated staple crop,enset

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 449-458页

作者： Kiflu Gebramicael Tesfamicael Endale Gebre Timothy J.March Beata Sznajder Diane E.Mather Carlos Marcelino Rodríguez López Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group Department of HorticultureCollege of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA Policy Study Institute P.O.Box:2479Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Agriculture Food&WineThe University of AdelaideWaite CampusGlen OsmondSAAustralia

Enset(Ensete ventricosum(Welw.)Cheesman)is a drought tolerant,vegetatively propagated crop that was domesticated in *** is a staple food for more than 20 million people in *** its current importance and immense potential,enset is among the most genetically understudied and underexploited food *** collected 230 enset wild and cultivated accessions across the main enset producing regions in Ethiopia and applied amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and genotype by sequencing(GBS)analyses to these *** and cultivated accessions were clearly separated from each other,with 89 genes found to harbour SNPs that separated wild from cultivated *** these,17 genes are thought to be involved in flower initiation and seed *** cultivated accessions,differentiation was mostly associated with geographical location and with proximity to wild *** results indicate that vegetative propagation of elite clones has favoured capacity for vegetative growth at the expense of capacity for sexual *** is consistent with previous reports that cultivated enset tends to produce non-viable seeds and flowers less frequently than wild enset.

关键词： cultivated elite flowers

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Impact of 1,7-malaria reactive community-based testing and response(1,7-mRCTR)approach on malaria prevalence inTanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 103-104页

作者： Wei Chang Jessica Cohen Duo‑Quan Wang Salim Abdulla Muhidin Kassim Mahende Tegemeo Gavana Valerie Scott Hajirani M.Msuya Mary Mwanyika‑Sando Ritha John ANjau Shen‑Ning Lu Silas Temu Honorati Masanja Wilbald Anthony Maru Aregawi W Naveen Sunder Tang Kun Katia Bruxvoort Jovin Kitau Fadhila Kihwele Godlove Chila Mihayo Michael Marcia Castro Nicolas AMenzies Sein Kim Xiao Ning Xiao‑Nong Zhou Prosper Chaki Yeromin P.Mlacha Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston USA Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Shanghai People’s Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai People’s Republic of China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Shanghai People’s Republic of China Ifakara Health Institute Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania Africa Academy for Public Health Dar es Salaam Tanzania Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai People’s Republic of China Global Malaria Programme World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Bentley University Waltham USA Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua University Beijing People’s Republic of China School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA The Pan-African Mosquito Control Association (PAMCA) KEMRI Headquarters Nairobi Kenya

Background Progress in malaria control has stalled in recent years and innovative surveillance and response approaches are needed to accelerate malaria control and elimination eforts in endemic areas of ***‑ing on a previous China-UK-Tanzania pilot study on malaria control,this study aimed to assess the impact of the 1,7-malaria Reactive Community-Based Testing and Response(1,7-mRCTR)approach implemented over two years in three districts of *** The 1,7-mRCTR approach provides community-based malaria testing via rapid diagnostic tests and treat‑ment in villages with the highest burden of malaria incidence based on surveillance data from health *** used a diference-in-diferences quasi-experimental design with linear probability models and two waves of crosssectional household surveys to assess the impact of 1,7-mRCTR on malaria *** conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results,examined how intervention efects varied in subgroups,and explored alternative explanations for the observed *** Between October 2019 and September 2021,244,771 community-based malaria rapid tests were com‑pleted in intervention areas,and each intervention village received an average of 3.85 rounds of *** prevalence declined from 27.4%at baseline to 11.7%at endline in the intervention areas and from 26.0%to 16.0%in the control areas.1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 4.5-percentage-point decrease in malaria prevalence(95%confdence interval:−0.067,−0.023),equivalent to a 17%reduction from the *** Rufji,a district characterized by lower prevalence and where larviciding was additionally provided,1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 63.9%decline in malaria *** The 1,7-mRCTR approach reduced malaria *** implementation interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain challenges,the study provided novel evidence on the efectiveness of community-based reactive approache

关键词： Malaria Surveillance and response Incidence rate Community-health worker Health facility Communitybased testing and treatment 1,7-mRCTR Tanzania

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Direct visualization of the complete evolution of femtosecond laser-induced surface structural dynamics of metals

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 58-64页

作者： Ranran Fang Anatoliy Vorobyev Chunlei Guo The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA School of Science Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina

Despite extensive studies of femtosecond laser-material interactions,even the simplest morphological responses following femtosecond pulse irradiation have not been fully *** studies have revealed only partial *** we develop a zerobackground and high-contrast scattered-light-based optical imaging technique through which we capture,for the first time,the complete temporal and spatial evolution of the femtosecond laser-induced morphological surface structural dynamics of metals from start to finish,that is,from the initial transient surface fluctuations,through melting and ablation,to the end of *** find that transient surface structures first appear at a delay time on the order of 100 ps,which is attributed to ablation driven by pressure relaxation in the surface *** formation dynamics of the surface structures at different length scales are individually resolved,and the sequence of their appearance changes with laser fluence is *** and complete resolidification,observed here for the first time,are shown to occur more slowly than previously predicted by two orders of *** examine and identify the mechanisms driving each of these dynamic *** visualization and control of morphological surface structural dynamics not only are of fundamental importance for understanding femtosecond laser-induced material responses but also pave the way for the design of new material functionalities through surface structuring.

关键词： ablation femtosecond laser surface nano/microstructures ultrafast dynamics ultrafast imaging

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Feasibility of Booster Vaccination in High-Risk Populations for Controlling Coronavirus Variants—China,2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第50期3卷 1071-1074,I0001-I0004页

作者： Kangguo Li Zeyu Zhao Hongjie Wei Jia Rui Jiefeng Huang Xiaohao Guo Yichao Guo Shiting Yang Guzainuer Abudurusuli Li Luo Xingchun Liu Yao Wang Jingwen Xu Yuanzhao Zhu Meng Yang TianlongYang Weikang Liu Bin Deng Chan Liu Zhuoyang Li Peihua Li Shanshan Yu Zimei Yang Yanhua Su Benhua Zhao Yan Niu Tianmu Chen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina Universitéde Montpellier MontpellierFranceCIRADIntertrypMontpellierFranceIESUniversitéde Montpellier-CNRSMontpellierFrance Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina.

Introduction:Vaccination booster shots are completely necessary for controlling breakthrough infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in *** study aims to estimate effectiveness of booster vaccines for high-risk populations(HRPs).Methods:A vaccinated Susceptible-Exposed-Symptomatic-Asymptomatic-Recovered/Removed(SEIAR)model was developed to simulate scenarios of effective reproduction number(Reff)from 4 to *** number of infectious and asymptomatic cases were used to evaluated vaccination ***:Our model showed that we could not prevent outbreaks when covering 80%of HRPs with booster unless Reff=4.0 or the booster vaccine had efficacy against infectivity and susceptibility of more than 90%.The results were consistent when the outcome index was confirmed cases or asymptomatic ***:An ideal coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)booster vaccination strategy for HRPs would be expected to reach the initial goal to control the transmission of the Delta variant in ***,the recommendation for the COVID-19 booster vaccine should be implemented in HRPs who are already vaccinated and could prevent transmission to other groups.

关键词： vaccine acute respiratory

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Microneedle-based skin patch for blood-free rapid diagnostic testing

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 255-265页

作者： Xue Jiang Peter B.Lillehoj Department of Mechanical Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Department of Bioengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77030USA

Rapid diagnostic tests are one of the most commonly used tests to detect and screen for infectious diseases in the developing *** these tests are simple,inexpensive,and readily available,they rely on finger-prick blood sampling,which requires trained medical personnel,poses risks of infection,and can complicate cooperation in young children,asymptomatic individuals,and communities with blood ***,we report a novel microneedle-based skin patch for the rapid detection of protein biomarkers in dermal interstitial *** collection is facilitated by a hydrophilic hollow microneedle array that autonomously extracts and transports interstitial fluid to an antibody-based lateral flow test strip via surface tension for colorimetric antigen *** employ a simple gold enhancement treatment to enhance the detection sensitivity of this colloidal gold-based lateral flow assay and elucidate the underlying mechanism of this enhancement mechanism through experimental *** proof-of-concept,this device was used to detect Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2,a biomarker for malaria infection,which could be detected at concentrations as low as 8ng/*** test can be completed in<20 min and requires no *** the best of our knowledge,this work is the first demonstration of a microneedle-based lateral flow assay for rapid protein detection in dermal interstitial *** addition to its simplicity,minimally invasive nature,and low cost,this diagnostic device can be readily adapted to detect other protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid,making it a promising tool for point-of-care testing.

关键词： needle patch readily

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