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Optimal Feedback Control of Oil Reservoir Waterflooding Processes

International Journal of Automation and computing 2016年第1期13卷 73-80页

作者： A.S.Grema Yi Cao School of Energy Environment & Agrifood Cranfield University

Waterfiooding is a process where water is injected into an oil reservoir to supplement its natural pressure for increment in productivity. The reservoir properties are highly heterogeneous, its states change as production progresses which require varying injection and production settings for economic recovery. As water is injected into the reservoir, more oil is expected to be produced. There is also likelihood that water is produced in association with the oil. The worst case is when the injected water meanders through the reservoir, it bypasses pools of oil and gets produced, Therefore, any effort geared toward finding the optimal settings to maximize the value of this venture can never be over emphasized. Waterflooding can be formulated as an optimal control problem. However, traditional optimal control is an open-loop solution, hence cannot cope with various uncertainties inevitably existing in any practical systems. Reservoir models are highly uncertain. Its properties are known with some degrees of certainty near the well-bore region only. In this work, a novel data-driven approach for control variable （CV） selection was proposed and applied to reservoir waterflooding process for a feedback strategy resulting in optimal or near optimal operation. The results indicated that the feedback control method was close to optimal in the absence of uncertainty. The loss recorded in the value of performance index, net present value （NPV） was only 0.26%. Furthermore, the new strategy performs better than the open-loop optimal control solution when system/model mismatch was considered. The performance depends on the scale of the uncertainty introduced. A gain in NPV as high as 30.04% was obtained.

关键词： Oil reservoir management intelligent wells optimal control theory feedback control geological uncertainty.

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Effect of rooting media and hormone concentrations on vegetative propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 73-76页

作者： R.B.Mukhtar Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Faculty of Agriculture Bayero University

Vegetative propagation is widely used as a means of genotype preservation in clone banks and seed orchards but despite this, the possibility of vegetative propagation using hormones is not clear for many indigenous tree species, including Balanites aegyptiaca. This research is on the vegetative propagation of B. aegyptiaca as influenced by rooting media and growth *** stem cuttings were obtained from 4 months old seedlings. Nodal stem cuttings 4–5 cm long from 3–5 mm diameter stems were treated with indole-3-butyric acid or indole-3-acetic acid at 50, 100 and 150 mg/L and sown in three different rooting media: top soil, river sand, and sawdust. The results reveal a significant effect(p \ 0.05)of rooting media and growth hormones on B. aegyptiaca cuttings. B. aegyptiaca can be propagated vegitatively without the use of hormones. The control was recommended for vegetative propagation of B. aegyptiaca.

关键词： Rooting media Growth hormones B.aegyptiaca Stem cuttings

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Therapeutic efficacy and effects of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemetherlumefantrine on malaria-associated anaemia in Nigerian children aged two years and under

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 622-635页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Kazeem Akano Adejumoke I.Ayede Godwin Ntadom Elsie O.Adewoye Bayo Fatunmbi Temitope Aderoyeje Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Malaria Elimination Programme Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Physiology University of IbadanIbadanNigeria World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western PacificPhnom PenhCambodia Department of Clinical Pharmacology University College HospitalIbadanNigeria

Background:Artemisinin-based combination therapies are recommended as first-line treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria,but there is little evaluation of their efficacy and effects on uncomplicated malaria-associated anaemia in children aged 2 years and ***:Parasitological efficacy and effects on malaria-associated anaemia were evaluated in 250 malarious children aged 2 years and under,and efficacy was evaluated in 603 malarious children older than two but younger than 5 years of age following treatment with artesunate-amodiaquine(AA)or artemether-lumefantrine(AL).Kinetics of the disposition of parasitaemia following treatment were evaluated using a non-compartment ***-appearing anaemia(LAA)was diagnosed using the following criteria:clearance of parasitaemia,fever and other symptoms occurring within 7 days of starting treatment,adequate clinical and parasitological response on days 28–42,haematocrit(HCT)≥30%at 1 and/or 2 weeks,a fall in HCT to<30%occurring at 3–6 weeks,absence of concomitant illness at 1–6 weeks,and absence of asexual parasitaemia detected using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)at 1–6 ***:Overall,in children aged 2 years and under,the PCR-corrected parasitological efficacy was 97.2%(95%CI 92.8–101.6),which was similar for both *** children older than 2 years,parasitological efficacy was also similar for both treatments,but parasite prevalence 1 day after treatment began was significantly higher,and fever and parasite clearance times were significantly faster in the AA-treated children compared with the AL-treated *** in parasitaemia were monoexponential with an estimated elimination half-time of 1 *** half-times were similar for both *** children aged 2 years and under who were anaemic at presentation,the mean anaemia recovery time was 12.1 days(95%CI 10.6–13.6,n=127),which was similar for both *** asymptomatic LAA occurred in 11 childr

关键词： Falciparum malaria Malaria-related anaemia Young children Artemisinin-based combination therapies Nigeria

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Parasite reduction ratio one day after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapies and its relationship with parasite clearance time in acutely malarious children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1270-1283页

作者： Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom Chimere Agomo Christian T.Happi Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Sikiru Amoo Nnenna Ezeigwe Stephen Oguche Bayo Fatunmbi Akintunde Sowunmi Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of LagosLagosNigeria Department of Biological Sciences and African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases(ACEGID) Redeemer UniversityEdeNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of IlorinIlorinNigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical CentreYenagoaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Uthman Dan Fodio UniversitySokotoNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of MaiduguriMaiduguriNigeria Department of Paediatrics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Imo State University Teaching HospitalOrluNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of JosJosNigeria World Health Organization Country OfficeKampalaUganda

Background:In acute falciparum malaria,asexual parasite reduction ratio two days post-treatment initiation(PRRD2)≥10000 per cycle has been used as a measure of the rapid clearance of parasitaemia and efficacy of artemisinin ***,there is little evaluation of alternative measures;for example,parasite reduction ratio one day after treatment initiation(PRRD1)and its relationship with parasite clearance time(PCT)or *** study evaluated the use of PRRD1 as a measure of responsiveness to antimalarial ***:In acutely malarious children treated with artesunate-amodiaquine(AA),artemether-lumefantrine(AL)or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine(DHP),the relationships between PRRD1 or PRRD2 and PCT,and between PRRD1 and PRRD2 were evaluated using linear *** between estimates of PCT using PRRD1 and PRRD2 linear regression equations was evaluated using the Bland-Altman *** of PRRD1>5000 per half cycle and PRRD2≥10000 per cycle were evaluated using stepwise multiple logistic regression *** the linear regression equation of the relationship between PRRD1 and PCT previously generated in half of the DHP-treated children during the early study phase,PCT estimates were compared in a prospective blinded manner with PCTs determined by microscopy during the later study phase in the remaining ***:In 919 malarious children,PRRD1 was significantly higher in DHP-and AA-treated compared with AL-treated children(P15months,parasitaemia>10000/μl and DHP treatment independently predicted PRRD1>5000 per half cycle,while age>30months,haematocrit≥31%,body temperature>37.4°C,parasi

关键词： Falciparum malaria Artemisinin-based combination therapies Parasite clearance Children Nigeria

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Therapeutic efficacy and effects of artemisinin-based combination treatments on uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria-associated anaemia in Nigerian children during seven years of adoption as first-line treatments

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 315-334页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom Adejumoke I.Ayede Folasade O.Ibironke Temitope Aderoyeje Elsie O.Adewoye Bayo Fatunmbi Stephen Oguche Henrietta U.Okafor Ismaila Watila Martin Meremikwu Philip Agomo William Ogala Chimere Agomo Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Christian T.Happi Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria National Malaria Elimination Programme Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacology University College HospitalIbadanNigeria Department of Physiology University of IbadanIbadanNigeria World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western PacificKhan Daun PenhPhnom PenhCambodia Department of Paediatrics University of JosJosNigeria Department of Paediatrics Institute of Child HealthUniversity of Nigeria Teaching HospitalEnuguNigeria Department of Paediatrics Specialist HospitalMaiduguriBorno SateNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of CalabarCalabarCross Rivers StateNigeria Nigeria Institute of Medical Research YabaLagosNigeria Department of Paediatrics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria Department of Biological Sciences Redeemer’s UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria

Background:Artemisinin-based combination treatments(ACTs)are the first-line treatments of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in many endemic areas but there are few evaluation of their efficacy in anaemic malarious ***:Therapeutic efficacy of 3-day regimens of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine was evaluated in 437 anaemic and 909 non-anaemic malarious children following treatment during a seven-year period(2008-2014).Patterns of temporal changes in haematocrit were classified based on haematocrit values<30%and≥30%.Kinetics of the disposition of the deficit in haematocrit from 30%following treatment were evaluated using a non-compartment ***:PCR-corrected parasitological efficacy 28 days after start of treatment was significantly higher in artesunateamodiaquine-compared to artemether-lumefantrine-treated children[97%(95%CI:92.8-100)versus 96.4%(95%CI:91.3-99.4),P=0.02],but it was similar in non-anaemic and anaemic *** in haematocrit/1000 asexual parasites cleared from peripheral blood was significantly greater at lower compared to higher parasitaemias(P<0.0001),and in non-anaemic compared to anaemic children(P=0.007).In anaemic children at presentation,mean anaemia recovery time(AnRT)was 15.4 days(95%CI:13.3-17.4)and it did not change over the *** in haematocrit deficits from 30%were monoexponential with mean estimated half-time of 1.4 days(95%CI:1.2-1.6).Anaemia half-time(t_(1/2anaemia))correlated positively with AnRT in the same patients(r=0.69,P<0.0001).Bland-Altman analysis of 10 multiples of t_(1/2anaemia) and AnRT showed narrow limit of agreement with insignificant bias(P=0.07)suggesting both can be used interchangeably in the same ***:Artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine remain efficacious treatments of uncomplicated *** infections in non-anaemic and anaemic Nigerian children in the last 7 years of adoption as first-line *** ACTs may also

关键词： Malaria-associated anaemia “Haematocrit conservation” Artemisinin-based combination treatments Children Nigeria

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Analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第3期4卷 225-230页

作者： Godwin Christian Akuodor Augustine Dick Essien Joseph Linus Akpan Kingsley Chimsorom Chilaka Nkemjika Jane Ikodiya Uwaezuoke Kenneth Ikechukwu Nwadike Ndubuisi Nwobodo Nwobodo Basil Chukwuma Ezeokpo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria Department of Pharmacology College of Medical SciencesUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Health SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of MedicineUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusNigeria Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria

Objective:To investigate the the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia in mice and ***:Acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion methods were used to assess analgesic activity,while xylene and carrageenan-induced paw oedema methods were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf *** and amphetamine-induced pyrexia were used to investigate the antipyretic *** phytochemical analysis and oral acute toxicity of the methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia were also ***:The leaf extract(100,200,and 400 mg/kg)showed a dose dependent and significant(P<0.05)inhibition of pain in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion *** extract also produced significant(P<0.05)anti-inflammatory activity in both paradigms.A significant(P<0.05)reduction in hyperpyrexia was also observed with the leaf *** phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins,steroids,resins,saponins and cardiac *** oral median lethal dose of the leaf extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in ***:The findings confirmed its ethnomedical use in the treatment of pains and feverish conditions.

关键词： Maerua crassifolia Leaf Analgesia Inflammation Pyrexia Rodents

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